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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Size distribution by intensity measured by DLS. (A) bare nanodiamonds and (B) funtionalized nanodiamonds. Figure S2. Size distribution by number measured by DLS. (A) bare nanodiamonds and (B) funtionalized nanodiamonds. Figure S3. Size distribution by volume measured by DLS. (A) bare nanodiamonds and (B) funtionalized nanodiamonds. Figure S4. Z-potential values. (A) bare nanodiamonds and (B) funtionalized nanodiamonds. Figure S5. AFM characterization oft he size of nanodiamonds. Left: AFM image of non-functionalized nanodiamonds. Right: Histogram oft he size of nanodiamonds estimated from the AFM image. Figure S6. Structure of nanodiamonds. HR-TEM. Electron micrographs showing (A) NDs and (B) fNDs. Figure S7. Association of fNDs with albumin fibers. STEM Images. fNDs were incubated with albumin fibers to evaluate an unspecific interaction of fNDs with another kinds of fibers. No interaction between albumin fibers and fNDs was observed. Free fNDs (A) and albumin fibers (B) were observed separately. Figure S8. Thioflavin-T results. Fluorescence intensity signal from samples of Aβ-amyloid fibrils in presence of 0.5 nM of fND. The results are expressed as percentages with respect to the intensity from Aβ-amyloid fibrils free peptide. Figure S9. Association of fNDs with Aβ fibers and plaques. Composed confocal image of AD mouse brain tissue slides stained to detect Aβ plaques with an anti Aβ antibody 4G8 and Alexa 488 (green points) secondary antibody; and fNDs illuminated with 532 nm laser. Inset: zoom outside the neighborhood of Aβ plaque where we are not able to detect fNDs. Figure S10. HPLC chromatogram and MS/MALDI TOF spectrum of the R7CLPFFD. The HPLC chromatogram was realized with a column Kromasil 100-5C18 (250 × 4.6 mm), using a gradient 0–40% acetonitrile whit a retention time of 30 min and λ of detection was 200 nm. Mass spectra were performed using a matrix of 2,5-dihidrobenzóico acid (DHB) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ACH) at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in acetonitrile/formic acid 0.1% v/v (1:2)