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Here we describe the antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites, fulvic acid (F.A.) and anhydrofulvic acid (AFA), produced by RDE147, an endophyte of Rosa damascena Mill. The endophyte was identified as Cercospora piaropi by ITS and β-tubulin-based phylogenetic analyses, while chemoprofiling of the endophyte by column chromatography and spectroscopy yielded two pure compounds, F.A. and AFA. The compounds demonstrated different antimicrobial profiles, with AFA suppressing the growth of C. albicans at 7.3 µg ml

While screening for potential anti-inflammatory natural product scaffolds, alantolactone (1) was found to attenuate LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In this regard, a series of 17 novel thiol derivatives of 1 has been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory mediators viz. NO (nitric oxide), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells (In vitro) and female Balb/C mice (in vivo). In vitro, the best inhibition potencies were obtained with compounds 3, 4, 6, and 18, which were selected for further in vivo testing. The results of in vivo studies revealed that compounds 3, 6, and 18 are comparable to that of the parent molecule 1 on the inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 release, whereas compound 4 was identified as the most potent inhibitor of cytokines IL-6 (69.49%) and TNF-α (66.12%) as compared with 1 at dose 10 mg/kg. Taken together, our results suggest that thiol analogs of 1 have therapeutic potential and could be further explored for potential anti-inflammatory activity.

In a continuing effort to explore the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of natural products based scaffolds, herein, we report the isolation, synthesis, and structure determination of cannabidiol and its derivatives along with their cytotoxic activities. Treatment of cannabidiol (

As new devices and technologies are invented to access the internet, from computer desktops, laptops, mobile phones to smart TVs, there has been a great need to upgrade the techniques used in the field of website design, because these new devices come along with their own specific sizes and views. Although most devices & technologies try to be as compatible as possible with the common web design features, but there has been an absolute need for website designers to do a lit bit more to adapt to the fast growing race in internet devices and provide all their viewers with the best possible experience while accessing their websites. In this paper, different responsive website design techniques are presented that could adapt to different technologies and devices while at the same time focusing on cutting down the time and effort needed for a website designer or programmer to maintain and edit it. The code samples in this paper were implemented using the ASP.net programming language, but it can be implemented in other development languages and environments using the same concepts.

The study “The Effects of Anti-dengue Media Campaign of Government of Punjab: A Case Study of Gujranwala city” conducted to determine the level of awareness of the provincial government anti-dengue campaign on the citizens of the Gujranwala, central Punjab, Pakistan. The study also analyzed to find out the understanding of the residents of Gujranwala about the cause, preventions and identification of dengue disease as well as the effects of the medium on residents. For this study a questionnaire compressing eleven questions was distributed among 300 respondents in district Gujranwala to find out results. The study reveals that the anti-dengue media campaign of the government of Punjab successes due to the use of Television in the area. The finding also exposed that television is the effective source of information for such type of epidemic disease in the Gujranwala particularly and in the country generally. The study supports the theoretical framework of ‘Social learning Theory’ that emphasized on the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors attitudes and emotional reactions of others. Under the said assumption the citizen of the Gujranwala also get awareness and learn from the media about dengue disease, causes, prevention and identification.

Inclusions and other types of imperfections in nonmagnetic metals can be nondestructively detected by noncontacting magnetic measurements that sense the thermoelectric currents produced by directional heating and cooling of the specimen. The detectability of small and/or weak imperfections is ultimately limited by the intrinsic anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the material to be inspected. This paper investigates the spurious magnetic signature produced by the simplest type of macroscopic inhomogeneity when the material properties exhibit a linear spatial variation in the cross section of a slender bar. An analytical method has been developed for calculating the normal and tangential magnetic fields produced by the resulting thermoelectric currents. Experimental results from a highly inhomogeneous artificial copper/brass sintered specimen were found to be in very good quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions and fully verified our analytical model. Similar measurements on a weakly inhomogeneous Ti–6Al–4V titanium-alloy bar were also shown to be in very good qualitative agreement with the predictions of the analytical model although the unexpectedly high magnitude of the observed signatures could not be verified by conventional contact measurements, therefore further efforts are needed to better understand the underlying physical phenomenon and clarifying the relationship between the strength of the signature and the very complex microstructural features of this popular high-strength alloy.

A continuum mixture theory with microstructure is developed for guided wave propagation in unidirectional fibrous composites of piezoelectric materials exhibiting hexagonal symmetry. The theory leads to the simple system of coupled equations for the actual composites which retain the integrity of the propagation process in each constituent but allow them to coexist under analytically derived interaction parameters. As a consequence of the analysis, effective mixture properties of the composite are obtained in the zero-frequency (static) limit. The utility of the resulting equations is demonstrated by studying the propagation of harmonic waves in the system.

A continuum mixture theory with microstructure is developed for guided wave propagation in bilaminated periodic composites of piezoelectric materials. The theory leads to the simple governing coupled equations for the actual composites which retain the integrity of the propagation process in each constituent but allow them to coexist under analytically derived interaction parameters. As a consequence of the analysis, effective mixture properties of the composite are obtained in the zero-frequency (static) limit. The accuracy of the approximation is demonstrated by direct comparison with the exact solution for the propagation of harmonic waves in the system.

This project was aimed at developing a new noncontacting thermoelectric method for nondestructive detection of material imperfections in metals. The method is based on magnetic sensing of local thermoelectric currents around imperfections when a temperature gradient is established throughout a conducting specimen by external heating and cooling. The surrounding intact material serves as the reference electrode therefore the detection sensitivity could be very high if a sufficiently sensitive magnetometer is used in the measurements. This self-referencing, noncontacting, nondestructive inspection technique offers the following distinct advantages over conventional methods: high sensitivity to subtle variations in material properties, unique insensitivity to the size, shape, and other geometrical features of the specimen, noncontacting nature with a substantial stand-off distance, and the ability to probe relatively deep into the material. The potential applications of this method cover a very wide range from detection metallic inclusions and segregations, inhomogeneities, and tight cracks to characterization of hardening, embrittlement, fatigue, texture, and residual stresses.

In a continuing effort to explore the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of natural products based scaffolds, herein, we report the isolation, synthesis, and structure determination of cannabidiol and its derivatives along with their cytotoxic activities. Treatment of cannabidiol (1) with acid catalyst POCl3 afforded a new derivative 6 along with six known molecules 2 − 5, 7 and, 8. The structure of 6 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and DFT calculations of the NMR and ECD data. All the compounds (2 – 8) were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against a panel of eight cancer cell lines. Compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8 showed pronounced in vitro cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.6 to 60 μM. Out of the active molecules, compounds 4, and 7 were found to be comparable to that of the parent molecule 1 on the inhibition of almost all the tested cancer cell lines.

In a continuing effort to explore the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of natural products based scaffolds, herein, we report the isolation, synthesis, and structure determination of cannabidiol and its derivatives along with their cytotoxic activities. Treatment of cannabidiol (1) with acid catalyst POCl3 afforded a new derivative 6 along with six known molecules 2 − 5, 7 and, 8. The structure of 6 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and DFT calculations of the NMR and ECD data. All the compounds (2 – 8) were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against a panel of eight cancer cell lines. Compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8 showed pronounced in vitro cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.6 to 60 μM. Out of the active molecules, compounds 4, and 7 were found to be comparable to that of the parent molecule 1 on the inhibition of almost all the tested cancer cell lines.