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This study aimed to determine the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis on nutrient consumption and egg weight of Japanese quail. A total of 120 females Japanese quails comprised four treatments and six replications. T0, T1, T2, and T3 treatment groups were administered L. acidophilus and L. lactis with concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mL/liter of drinking water. Consumption data were collected weekly, and egg weight data were collected daily during treatment. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan multiple range test (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that probiotics in drinking water reported significant differences (p < 0.05) compared between treatments (T1, T2, and T3) to reduce nutrient intake of organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and increase egg weight of quail. It can be concluded that the combination of L. acidophilus and L. lactis can reduce nutrient consumption but can increase the egg weight of Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the morphometric differences in the head of male and female Turi ducks. Ten male and ten female day-old ducks (DOD) were randomly selected by a lottery system from the population, raised, and had their head morphology measured using a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm on the first day, and at the age of 2, 4, 6, and 8weeks. The result showed that male Turi duck had wider (p <0.05) head at the ages of 1 day, 2 and 6 weeks, head length and head height at the ages of 1 day, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, rostrum width at the ages of 1 day, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and rostrum length at the age of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in the head width at the ages of 4 and 8 weeks, rostrum width at 2 weeks, and rostrum length at 1day old male and female Turi ducks. Morphometric growth pattern showed that older Turi ducks (at a range of 1 day to 8 weeks) had larger (p <0.05) head morphometry. However, the cephalic index in male and female Turi ducks was not significantly different (p > 0.05) at all ages. It could be concluded that in general head morphometry was useful for determining male and female Turi ducks at the ages of 1 day, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quail farms have a great opportunity as poultry farming businesses in Indonesia due to its short biological cycle and high metabolic rate. The success of a poultry business is closely linked to factors such as feed quality and health management. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract into drinking water on quail production performance include feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and quail day production (QDP). Methodology: The research employed an experimental design using a Completely Randomized Design with 96 female quails (Coturnix coturnix-japonica), randomly assigned to four treatments with six replications, each consisting of four quails. Different ratios of Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract were administered in each treatment. Data collection occurred during the final week of the research period. Results: Each treatment was given different ratio between Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract. The data collected in the last week of the research period were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes. Conclusion: The addition of 2 ml/liter Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract to drinking water had a significant effect (p<0.05) on feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and quail day production (QDP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors that influence the incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows reared under an all-day cowshed housing system at KUD Tani Wilis, Sendang District, Tulungagung. This study used 216 dairy cows, that had already calved, that had been identified to have medical and reproductive records for data exploration. Data collected included the sex and weight of calf, single or twin calves, age of the dam, cowshed structure (floor, puddles on the floor, gutter, distance of cowshed to waste disposal, type of floor and roof, and sunlight exposure), feed of the dam (forage, concentrate, mineral supplements), frequency of retained placenta cases on calving intervals and days open of the dams. The prevalence of retained placenta was presented descriptively. Factors related to the retained placenta and its effect on calving interval and days open were analyzed by Chi-square test using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) software version 20 for Windows. The result showed that the prevalence rate of retained placenta was 19.91% of all dairy cow populations in the district. Furthermore, the sex of the calf, age of the dam, sunlight exposure, and the quantity of feed (forage and concentrate) were related to the retained placenta (p <0.05). In addition, retained placenta increased along with extending of days open and calving interval. It could be concluded that the factors that influenced the prevalence of retained placenta were the sex of the calf, the age of the cow, the feed and concentrate, and the cowshed that is not facing the sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laying hens (Gallus gallus) are one of the poultries kept for their eggs. Eggs produced by chickens are used as a source of human food that contains a lot of nutrition and is affordable. Eggs also contain high levels of cholesterol in the yolk, so if consumed in large quantities, they will pose a risk of disease. This study aims to determine the effect of giving probiotics in the early layer laying hen feed on the levels of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein in egg yolks. This study has four treatments, namely P1 = control, P2 = feed + AGP, and P3 and P4 = feed + probiotics. The probiotic used is a combination of three bacteria, namely Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium sp. The sample used in this study was egg yolk, which was collected in the last week of the study. Testing for HDL and LDL levels in egg yolks was carried out using the Quantitative Colorimetric/Fluorometric Determination of HDL and LDL/VLDL method. Testing HDL and LDL levels in this study showed that the administration of probiotics had an effect in the form of increasing HDL levels but did not have an effect in the form of a significant decrease in egg yolk LDL levels during the four-week treatment period in laying hens in the early layer phase, aged 18-22 weeks. The best probiotic dose used among the three probiotic doses is 3 ml/kg of feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of Bifidobacterium sp. and Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extract on Japanese quail egg production, including egg mass, haugh unit (HU), and egg yolk colour. A total of 96 quails were in the early stages of production, which were randomized into four treatments and six replications. The treatments were (T0) without Bifidobacterium sp. and G. ulmifolia leaf extract, (T1) 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp., (T2) 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract, and (T3) 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp. + 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract. Egg mass data was collected in the third and fourth week of the treatment period, while the HU data and egg yolk colour were carried out on the last week of the treatment period. The treatment groups showed significant differences in egg mass. Groups T2 and T3 showed significant differences in egg yolk colour. The combination of feed additives can increase the value of HU but not significantly (p>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of 0.2% Bifidobacterium sp. and 0.2% G. ulmifolia leaf extract in drinking water can produce the highest egg quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to compare the ultrastructural morphology of Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona that infected the small intestine of native chickens (Gallus domesticus) obtained from various traditional markets in Sidoarjo Regency. The samples used in this research were 57 small intestines of native chickens (Gallus domesticus) sold at Tulangan, Wonoayu, Larangan, Krian, and Suko Market. The samples were macroscopic and microscopically examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result showed that Raillietina echinobothrida with prevalence of 57.89% has a yellowish string-like body (length 16-23 cm) with a round scolex (0.27-0.3 mm in diameter), round sucker (0.07x0.08-0.08x0.09 mm in size), rostellum armed with hooks has size of 0.06x0.07-0.08x0.1 mm, and unsegmented, thick, and short neck. Meanwhile Raillietina tetragona showed prevalence of 29.05%, also has a yellowish string-like body (length 20-28 cm) with an oval scolex (0.16-0.2mm diameter), oval sucker (0.04x0.09-0.05x0.01mm in size), rostellum armed with hooks has size of 0.03x0.05-0.04x0.06 mm, and unsegmented, thin, and long neck. The surface body of both Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona has a soft and velvety texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community service at Universitas Airlangga in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan aims to increase the capacity of field officers of Pulang Pisau's Agricultural Service regarding artificial insemination and livestock health management. The method used in achieving these goals is through socialization and training on artificial insemination and handling livestock health. These activities include: counseling and training on artificial insemination techniques and the handling of reproductive disorders and disease management in beef cattle. The results of the community service evaluation show that in general the knowledge of the community service participants has increased compared to before this activity was carried out. This can be seen from the results of the questionnaires that have been filled out by the participants. The number of participants who knew about the types of livestock reproductive disorders and good AI techniques increased from 66.7% to 90.5%. Likewise, the knowledge of participants about the types of animal health disorders and how to properly handle them before the activity was 71.4% and after the activity increased to 95.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common types of blood protozoa in chickens are from the phylum of Apicomplexa, including Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus. Blood protozoan diseases can cause decreased egg production, stunting and death in poultry farms. This study aims to identify and calculate the prevalence of blood protozoan infection in casted hens sold at Wonokromo Market, Surabaya City. One hundred blood samples from casted hens were taken by purposive sampling method. Blood samples were collected in Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA) tubes, and then taken to the Parasitology Laboratory to make a blood smear which was then examined using a microscope with a magnification of 1000x. The results showed that the single infection was 43% positive for Plasmodium sp., 3% positive for Leucocytozoon sp. and 3% for mixed infections (Plasmodium sp. and Leucocytozoon sp.), with a total prevalence of positive samples infected with blood protozoa was 49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) like folligon is a gonadotropin hormon derived from blood sera in pregnant mare 30 till 140 days. The repeated use of eCG treatments for the induction of ovulation is generally followed can decrease in fertility. Bovine anti-eCG antibodies (Abs) as research result in Universitas Airlangga in 2019 can solve the problem of decrease in fertility in does. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of subjected to a short-term protocol for estrus induction using 50 mg of vaginal sponges' progesterone. The experimental animal used in this study comprised of 30 etawa Crossbred goats, with normal estrus cycle and 3 years old of age. The etawa crossbred goat are all healthy with a body score of at least three. 30 goats divided become 3 groups Group I as (T0) 10 goats are as controls Groups. (T0) was inserted sponge progesterone 50 mg of MPA and injected with PGF2α 7.5 mg in day 10 intramuscular (im) when T0 removal of the sponge were removed on day 11. Does on day 11 as T1 going on the removal of devices 24 h before removal inject 7.5 mg of PGF2α and 300 IU of eCG. T2 were injected in all the goats 7.5 mg of PGF2α, 300 IU of eCG at day 10 and 300 IU bovine anti eCG inject at day 11 when removal device on day 11. After 35 days, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound scanning. Short-term protocols using either an intravaginal device was similarly effective to estrus induction 100% p >0.05, and all goats from both groups had estrus manifestation within 30 h after device removal, duration of estrus 37 h and doing AI. In addition, no significant difference in pregnancy p >0.05 on 35 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elevate of fertility rate eCG and bovine polyclonal anti eCG toward the rate of pregnancy in Madura cows at Bangkalan, Madura. The experimental animal used in this study comprised of 30 cows, with normal estrus cycle and 3 years old of age. The Madura cows are all healthy with a body score of at least 3. The Control Group (p0) was injected with PGF2á 25 mg intramuscular (im) twice on day 0 and day 11. Treatment Group 1 (p1) was injected with PGF2á 25 mg and eCG dosage administration to increase of fertility rate of 750 IU im. Treatment Group 2 (p2) was injected with PGF2á 25 mg and eCG dosage of 750 IU im as dosage to increase of fertility rate and bovine polyclonal anti eCG 750 IU at 48 h or 60 h after PGF. On day 14, the Madura cows both control and Treatment Group respectively showed signs of estrus 100% p >0.05. Few hours' later artificial insemination was performed on the same day. On day 30, all 30 Madura cows were checked for pregnancy using Ultrasonography (USG). The Madura cows were assumed to be pregnant because there were signs of enlargement in cornua uteri unilaterally. Therefore, this indicates that there was no significant difference between Treatment Group 1 and Treatment Group 2 in pregnancy rate. Based on the results, Control Group (T0) showed 50% of the Madura cows were pregnant. Meanwhile, Treatment Group 1 (T1) 60% and Treatment Group 2 (T2) showed 70% pregnant from Madura cows p > 0.05 on day 35. Therefore, this research showed a positive feedback consistent with the objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the worst zoonotic illnesses, avian influenza (AI), or commonly referred to as bird flu, is caused by viruses belonging to the genus Influenza viruses, which are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The harmful effects of AI illness can affect both human and animal health and cause financial losses. Globally, the AI virus lacks political purpose and is not limited by geographical limits. It has been isolated from poultry, wild birds, and captive birds in Asia, North America, Europe, Australia, and South America. Their virulence is divided into highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) and low pathogenic AI (LPAI). The AI virus can also be diagnosed in a laboratory setting using molecular tests like real-time polymerase chain reaction or serological tests like the hemagglutinin inhibition test, agar gel immunodiffusion, antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other immunoassays. The type of AI virus and host species determines the clinical manifestations, severity, and fatality rates of AI. Human infection with AI viruses typically results from direct transmission from infected birds to humans. AI outbreaks in domestic and wild birds are uncommon; however, an infection can pose a significant threat to public, veterinary, and medical health. Successful vaccination reduces the probability of AI H5N1 virus infection in meat and other poultry products and prevents systemic infection in chickens. This review will provide information that can be used as a reference for recognizing the dangers of AI and for preventing and controlling the disease, considering its potential to become a serious pandemic outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella species, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide with an estimated 93.8 million cases and about 155,00 fatalities. In both industrialized and developing nations, Salmonellosis has been reported to be one of the most prevalent foodborne zoonoses and is linked with arrays of illness syndromes such as acute and chronic enteritis, and septicaemia. The two major and most common Salmonella species implicated in both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals are Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. To date, more than 2400 S. enterica serovars which affect both humans and animals have been identified. Salmonella is further classified into serotypes based on three primary antigenic determinants: somatic (O), flagella (H), and capsular (K). The capacity of nearly all Salmonella species to infect, multiply, and survive in human host cells with the aid of their pathogenic and virulence arsenals makes them deadly and important public health pathogens. Primarily, food-producing animals such as poultry, swine, cattle, and their products have been identified as important sources of salmonellosis. Additionally, raw fruits and vegetables are among other food types that have been linked to the spread of Salmonella spp. Based on the clinical manifestation of human salmonellosis, Salmonella strains can be categorized as either non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and typhoidal Salmonella . The detection of aseptically collected Salmonella in necropsies, environmental samples, feedstuffs, rectal swabs, and food products serves as the basis for diagnosis. In developing nations, typhoid fever due to Salmonella Typhi typically results in the death of 5%-30% of those affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated that there are between 16 and 17 million typhoid cases worldwide each year, with scaring 600,000 deaths as a result. The contagiousness of a Salmonella outbreak depends on the bacterial strain, serovar, growth environment, and host susceptibility. Risk factors for Salmonella infection include a variety of foods; for example, contaminated chicken, beef, and pork. Globally, there is a growing incidence and emergence of life-threatening clinical cases, especially due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp, including strains exhibiting resistance to important antimicrobials such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. In extreme cases, especially in situations involving very difficult-to-treat strains, death usually results. The severity of the infections resulting from Salmonella pathogens is dependent on the serovar type, host susceptibility, the type of bacterial strains, and growth environment. This review therefore aims to detail the nomenclature, etiology, history, pathogenesis, reservoir, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of salmonellosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.