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19,058 results on '"Warren, H."'

1. Molecular profiles of blood from numerous species that differ in sensitivity to acute inflammation.

Author

Gregory, David, Han, Feifei, Li, Peng, Gritsenko, Marina, Kyle, Jennifer, Riley, Frank, Chavez, Deborah, Yotova, Vania, Sindeaux, Renata, Hawash, Mohamed, Xu, Fengyun, Hung, Li-Yuan, Hayden, Douglas, Tompkins, Ronald, Lanford, Robert, Kobzik, Lester, Hellman, Judith, Jacobs, Jon, Barreiro, Luis, Xiao, Wenzhong, and Warren, H

Subjects
Animal models, Genomic response, Inflammation, Animals, Lipopolysaccharides, Humans, Inflammation, Species Specificity, Transcriptome, Rats, Mice, Gene Expression Profiling, Proteome, Swine, Sepsis, Sheep, Cattle, Pan troglodytes
Abstract

Vertebrates differ over 100,000-fold in responses to pro-inflammatory agonists such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complicating use of animal models to study human sepsis or inflammatory disorders. We compared transcriptomes of resting and LPS-exposed blood from six LPS-sensitive species (rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, chimpanzee, human) and four LPS-resilient species (mice, rats, baboon, rhesus), as well as plasma proteomes and lipidomes. Unexpectedly, at baseline, sensitive species already had enhanced expression of LPS-responsive genes relative to resilient species. After LPS stimulation, maximally different genes in resilient species included genes that detoxify LPS, diminish bacterial growth, discriminate sepsis from SIRS, and play roles in autophagy and apoptosis. The findings reveal the molecular landscape of species differences in inflammation. This may inform better selection of species for pre-clinical models and could lead to new therapeutic strategies that mimic mechanisms in inflammation-resilient species to limit inflammation without causing immunosuppression.

Published
2024

3. Hinode EIS: updated in-flight radiometric calibration

Author

Del Zanna, G., Weberg, M., and Warren, H. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an update to the in-flight radiometric calibration of the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), revising and extending our previous studies. We analyze full-spectral EIS observations of quiet Sun and active regions from 2007 until 2022. Using CHIANTI version 10, we adjust the EIS relative effective areas for a selection of dates with emission measure analyses of off-limb quiet Sun. We find generally good agreement (within typically +/- 15%) between measured and expected line intensities. We then consider selected intensity ratios for all the dates and apply an automatic fitting method to adjust the relative effective areas. To constrain the absolute values from 2010 and later we force agreement between EIS and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 193 A observations. The resulting calibration, with an uncertainty of about +/- 20%, is then validated in various ways, including flare line ratios from Fe XXIV and Fe XVII, emission measure analyses of cool active region loops, and several density-dependent line ratios., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

4. Classification of variants of reduced penetrance in high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes: Framework for genetics clinicians and clinical scientists by CanVIG-UK (Cancer Variant Interpretation Group-UK)

Author

Turnbull, C., Garrett, A., Loong, L., Choi, S., Torr, B., Allen, S., Durkie, M., Callaway, A., Drummond, J., Burghel, G.J., Robinson, R., Berry, I.R., Wallace, A.J., Eccles, D.M., Tischkowitz, M., Ellard, S., Hanson, H., Baple, E., Evans, D.G., Woodward, E., Lalloo, F., Samant, S., Lucassen, A., Znaczko, A., Shaw, A., Ansari, A., Kumar, A., Donaldson, A., Murray, A., Ross, A., Taylor-Beadling, A., Taylor, A., Innes, A., Brady, A., Kulkarni, A., Hogg, A.C., Bowden, A. Ramsay, Hadonou, A., Coad, B., McIldowie, B., Speight, B., DeSouza, B., Mullaney, B., McKenna, C., Brewer, C., Olimpio, C., Clabby, C., Crosby, C., Jenkins, C., Armstrong, C., Bowles, C., Brooks, C., Byrne, C., Maurer, C., Baralle, D., Chubb, D., Stobo, D., Moore, D., O'Sullivan, D., Donnelly, D., Randhawa, D., Halliday, D., Atkinson, E., Rauter, E., Johnston, E., Maher, E., Sofianopoulou, E., Petrides, E., McRonald, F., Pelz, F., Frayling, I., Corbett, G., Rea, G., Clouston, H., Powell, H., Williamson, H., Carley, H., Thomas, H.J.W., Tomlinson, I., Cook, J., Hoyle, J., Tellez, J., Whitworth, J., Williams, J., Murray, J., Campbell, J., Tolmie, J., Field, J., Mason, J., Burn, J., Bruty, J., Callaway, J., Grant, J., Del Rey Jimenez, J., Pagan, J., VanCampen, J., Barwell, J., Monahan, K., Tatton-Brown, K., Ong, K.R., Murphy, K., Andrews, K., Mokretar, K., Cadoo, K., Smith, K., Baker, K., Brown, K., Reay, K., McKay Bounford, K., Bradshaw, K., Russell, K., Stone, K., Snape, K., Crookes, L., Reed, L., Taggart, L., Yarram, L., Cobbold, L., Walker, L., Hawkes, L., Busby, L., Izatt, L., Kiely, L., Hughes, L., Side, L., Sarkies, L., Greenhalgh, K.-L., Shanmugasundaram, M., Duff, M., Bartlett, M., Watson, M., Owens, M., Bradford, M., Huxley, M., Slean, M., Ryten, M., Smith, M., Ahmed, M., Roberts, N., O'Brien, C., Middleton, O., Tarpey, P., Logan, P., Dean, P., May, P., Brace, P., Tredwell, R., Harrison, R., Hart, R., Kirk, R., Martin, R., Nyanhete, R., Wright, R., Davidson, R., Cleaver, R., Talukdar, S., Butler, S., Sampson, J., Ribeiro, S., Dell, S., Mackenzie, S., Hegarty, S., Albaba, S., McKee, S., Palmer-Smith, S., Heggarty, S., MacParland, S., Greville-Heygate, S., Daniels, S., Prapa, S., Abbs, S., Tennant, S., Hardy, S., MacMahon, S., McVeigh, T., Foo, T., Bedenham, T., Cranston, T., McDevitt, T., Clowes, V., Tripathi, V., McConnell, V., Woodwaer, N., Wallis, Y., Kemp, Z., Mullan, G., Pierson, L., Rainey, L., Joyce, C., Timbs, A., Reuther, A.-M., Frugtniet, B., Husher, C., Lawn, C., Corbett, C., Nocera-Jijon, D., Reay, D., Cross, E., Ryan, F., Lindsay, H., Oliver, J., Dring, J., Spiers, J., Harper, J., Ciucias, K., Connolly, L., Tsang, M., Brown, R., Shepherd, S., Begum, S., Tadiso, T., Linton-Willoughby, T., Heppell, H., Sahan, K., Worrillow, L., Allen, Z., Watt, C., Hegarty, M., Mitchell, R., Coles, R., Nickless, G., Cojocaru, E., Doal, I., Sava, F., McCarthy, C., Jeeneea, R., Goudie, D., McConachie, M., Botosneanu, S., Kavanaugh, G., Sherlaw, C., Tsoulaki, O., Forde, C., Petley, E., Jones, A.-B., Oprych, K., Pryde, S., Hyder, Z., Elkhateeb, N., Braham, R., Hanington, L., Huntley, C., Irving, R., Sadan, A., Ramos, M., Elliot, C., Wren, D., Lobo, D., McLean, J., May, D., Kearney, L., Campbell, T., Asakura, K., Alwadi, L., O’Shea, R., Gabriel, J., Chiecchio, L., Bowman, P., Sutton, L.A., Walsh, C., Cloke, V., Ucanok, D., Davies, J., Pleasance, B., Maguire, E., Whaite, A., Best, S., Westbury, S., Logan, A., Navarajasegaran, D., Bench, A., Wightman, P., Cartwright, A., Higgs, E., J.Bott, Whitehouse, H., Stevens, J., Martin, D., Dunlop, J., Thomas, S., Sau, C., Farndon, S., Coleman, N., Angelini, P., Massey, H., Rowlands, C., Garcia-Petit, C., Gillespie, K., Alder, A., Middleton, E., Cassidy, C., Orfali, N., Webb, A., Luharia, A., Walker, N., Charlton, J., Andreou, A., Peddie, J., Khan, M., Wilkinson, L., Bezuidenhout, H., Edis, M., Callard, A., Ostrowski, P., Moverley, P., Bean, K., Dunne, A., Moleirinho, A., Waller, S., Cox, K., Greensmith, L., Brittle, A., Gossan, N., Freestone, L., Shak, C., Langford, T., Clinch, Y., Livesey, H., Borland, S., Joshi, A., Wall, K., Whitworth, A., Wilsdon, A., Edgerley, K., Pugh, S., Chrysochoidi, N., Mutch, S., McMullan, C., Johnston, Y., Muraru, M., May, A., Begum, R., Smith, C., Patel, R., Bhatnagar, I., Brown, D., Willan, J., Taylor, S., Jones, K., Ramsden, C., Taiwo, O., Jaudzemaite, J., Sharmin, R., Young, L., O’Dubhshlaine, C., McSorley, L., Rodriguez, I. Abreu, Lillis, S., Alexopoulos, P., Mortensson, E., Kingham, L., Moore, R., Kosicka-Slawinska, M., Aslam, S., Wells, R., Carter, A., Warren, H., Rolf, E., Reed, H., Pearce, L., Lock, D., Ali, F., Kolozi, A., White, N., Wood, D., Hayden, C., Garrett, Alice, Allen, Sophie, Durkie, Miranda, Burghel, George J., Robinson, Rachel, Callaway, Alison, Field, Joanne, Frugtniet, Bethan, Palmer-Smith, Sheila, Grant, Jonathan, Pagan, Judith, McDevitt, Trudi, Rowlands, Charlie F., McVeigh, Terri, Hanson, Helen, and Turnbull, Clare

Published
2025
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9. Solar physics in the 2020s: DKIST, parker solar probe, and solar orbiter as a multi-messenger constellation

Author

Pillet, V. Martinez, Tritschler, A., Harra, L., Andretta, V., Vourlidas, A., Raouafi, N., Alterman, B. L., Rubio, L. Bellot, Cauzzi, G., Cranmer, S. R., Gibson, S., Habbal, S., Ko, Y. K., Lepri, S. T., Linker, J., Malaspina, D. M., Matthews, S., Parenti, S., Petrie, G., Spadaro, D., Ugarte-Urra, I., Warren, H., and Winslow, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) is about to start operations at the summit of Haleakala (Hawaii). DKIST will join the early science phases of the NASA and ESA Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter encounter missions. By combining in-situ measurements of the near-sun plasma environment and detail remote observations of multiple layers of the Sun, the three observatories form an unprecedented multi-messenger constellation to study the magnetic connectivity inside the solar system. This white paper outlines the synergistic science that this multi-messenger suite enables.

Published
2020

10. Low-Dose Rivaroxaban Plus Aspirin in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Undergoing Lower Extremity Revascularization With and Without Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From VOYAGER PAD

Author

Morrison, Justin T., Canonico, Mario Enrico, Anand, Sonia S., Patel, Manesh R., Debus, Eike Sebastian, Nehler, Mark R., Hess, Connie N., Hsia, Judith, Capell, Warren H., Muehlhofer, Eva, Haskell, Lloyd P., Berkowitz, Scott D., Bauersachs, Rupert M., and Bonaca, Marc P.

Published
2024
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19. First high-resolution look at the quiet Sun with ALMA at 3 mm

Author

Nindos, A., Alissandrakis, C. E., Bastian, T. S., Patsourakos, S., De Pontieu, B., Warren, H., Ayres, T., Hudson, H. S., Shimizu, T., Vial, J. -C., Wedemeyer, S., and Yurchyshyn, V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an overview of high resolution quiet Sun observations, from disk center to the limb, obtained with the Atacama Large mm and sub-mm Array (ALMA) at 3 mm. Seven quiet Sun regions were observed with resolution of up to 2.5" by 4.5". We produced both average and snapshot images by self-calibrating the ALMA visibilities and combining the interferometric images with full disk solar images. The images show well the chromospheric network, which, based on the unique segregation method we used, is brighter than the average over the fields of view of the observed regions by $\sim 305$ K while the intranetwork is less bright by $\sim 280$ K, with a slight decrease of the network/intranetwork contrast toward the limb. At 3 mm the network is very similar to the 1600 \AA\ images, with somewhat larger size. We detected for the first time spicular structures, rising up to 15" above the limb with a width down to the image resolution and brightness temperature of $\sim$ 1800 K above the local background. No trace of spicules, either in emission or absorption, was found on the disk. Our results highlight ALMA's potential for the study of the quiet chromosphere., Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (Letters), in press

Published
2018
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21. Variability in low-flow oxygen delivery by nasal cannula evaluated in neonatal and infant airway replicas

Author

Mozhgan Sabz, Scott Tavernini, Kineshta Pillay, Cole Christianson, Michelle Noga, Warren H. Finlay, Hossein Rouhani, and Andrew R. Martin

Subjects
Low-flow oxygen delivery, Nasal cannula, In vitro testing, Neonates, Infants, Airway replicas, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background The nasal cannula is considered a trusted and effective means of administering low-flow oxygen and is widely used for neonates and infants requiring oxygen therapy, despite an understanding that oxygen concentrations delivered to patients are variable. Methods In the present study, realistic nasal airway replicas derived from medical scans of children less than 3 months old were used to measure the fraction of oxygen inhaled (FiO2) through nasal cannulas during low-flow oxygen delivery. Parameters influencing variability in FiO2 were evaluated, as was the hypothesis that measured FiO2 values could be predicted using a simple, flow-weighted calculation that assumes ideal mixing of oxygen with entrained room air. Tidal breathing through neonatal and infant nasal airway replicas was controlled using a lung simulator. Parameters for nasal cannula oxygen flow rate, nasal airway geometry, tidal volume, respiratory rate, inhalation/exhalation, or I:E ratio (ti/te), breath waveform, and cannula prong insertion position were varied to determine their effect on measured FiO2. In total, FiO2 was measured for 384 different parameter combinations, with each combination repeated in triplicate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the influence of parameters on measured FiO2. Results Measured FiO2 was not appreciably affected by the breath waveform shape, the replica geometry, or the cannula position but was significantly influenced by the tidal volume, the inhalation time, and the nasal cannula flow rate. Conclusions The flow-weighted calculation overpredicted FiO2 for measured values above 60%, but an empirical correction to the calculation provided good agreement with measured FiO2 across the full range of experimental data.

Published
2022
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24. Absorption photometry of patterned deposits on IMPROVE PTFE filters.

Author

White, Warren H., Copeland, Scott A., Giacomo, Jason, Hyslop, Nicole P., Kline, Lindsay M., Malm, William, Raffuse, Sean, Schichtel, Bret A., Spada, Nicholas J., Wallis, Christopher D., and Zhang, Xiaolu

Subjects
*LIGHT absorption, *OPTICAL measurements, *ABSORPTION coefficients, *PARTICULATE matter, *RADIATIVE forcing
Abstract

The IMPROVE program (Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments) tracks long-term trends in the composition and optics of regional haze aerosols in the United States. The absorptance of red (633-nm) light is monitored by filter photometry of 24 h-integrated samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). These are collected every third day at about 150 rural and often remote locations. Systematic reanalyses of archived samples have established the reproducibility of the optical absorption measurements across decades and rebuilt instrument systems, with a consistent calibration that is traceable back to 2003. IMPROVE samples for nondestructive sequential analyses by photometry, gravimetry, and X-ray fluorescence are all collected on ring-mounted membranes of expanded PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Although chemically inert, low in blank mass, and optically thin, these collection media yield visibly nonuniform deposits that do not admit direct interpretation according to a naïve "Beer-Lambert" formulation of optical absorption. Most IMPROVE PTFE deposits exhibit fine-scale "pixelation," a pattern shaped by the perforated metal screen that supports the membrane during sample collection. This paper extends the traditional Beer-Lambert interpretive model to accommodate the patterned deposits generated on PTFE filters by IMPROVE and similar sampling protocols. Implications: The ambient absorption coefficients historically reported from IMPROVE filter samples are based on the conventional Beer-Lambert interpretation of measured transmittance by filter deposits assumed to be uniform. The neglect of observed patterning in actual deposits yields predictable underestimates for the summed absorption cross-sections of the collected particles. This pixelation bias can be substantial for individual samples that are taken from elevated concentrations of absorbing aerosols, near wildfires or urban centers. Over the regional-haze-tracking scale of the predominantly rural IMPROVE network, the aggregate bias relevant to radiative forcing is more moderate, estimated at roughly 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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26. Prevention of arterial and venous thrombotic events in symptomatic peripheral arterial disease patients after lower extremity revascularization in the VOYAGER PAD trial: Dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet regimen vs antiplatelet therapy alone

Author

Berkowitz, Scott D., Bauersachs, Rupert M., Szarek, Michael, Nehler, Mark R., Debus, E. Sebastian, Patel, Manesh R., Anand, Sonia S., Capell, Warren H., Hess, Connie N., Hsia, Judy, Leeper, Nicholas J., Brasil, David, Mátyás, Lajos, Diaz, Rafael, Brodmann, Marianne, Muehlhofer, Eva, Haskell, Lloyd P., and Bonaca, Marc P.

Published
2022
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28. Novel Tissue Factor Inhibition for Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Primary Results of the ASPEN-COVID-19 Trial

Author

Hess, Connie N., Hsia, Judith, Carroll, Ian A., Nehler, Mark R., Ruf, Wolfram, Morrow, David A., Nicolau, Jose C., Berwanger, Otavio, Szarek, Michael, Capell, Warren H., Johri, Shilpa, Pursley, Michael S., Gupta, Ryan, Meehan, Patrick S., Franchi, Francesco, Effron, Mark B., Marshall, Debra, Graybill, Christopher A., Huebler, Sophia P., Keuer, Thomas, Bristow, Michael R., and Bonaca, Marc P.

Published
2023
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30. Elucidating a locus coeruleus-dentate gyrus dopamine pathway for operant reinforcement

Author

Elijah A Petter, Isabella P Fallon, Ryan N Hughes, Glenn DR Watson, Warren H Meck, Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino, and Henry H Yin

Subjects
locus coeruleus, dopamine, reinforcement, operant, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Animals can learn to repeat behaviors to earn desired rewards, a process commonly known as reinforcement learning. While previous work has implicated the ascending dopaminergic projections to the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning, little is known about the role of the hippocampus. Here, we report that a specific population of hippocampal neurons and their dopaminergic innervation contribute to operant self-stimulation. These neurons are located in the dentate gyrus, receive dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus, and express D1 dopamine receptors. Activation of D1 + dentate neurons is sufficient for self-stimulation: mice will press a lever to earn optogenetic activation of these neurons. A similar effect is also observed with selective activation of the locus coeruleus projections to the dentate gyrus, and blocked by D1 receptor antagonism. Calcium imaging of D1 + dentate neurons revealed significant activity at the time of action selection, but not during passive reward delivery. These results reveal the role of dopaminergic innervation of the dentate gyrus in supporting operant reinforcement.

Published
2023
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32. Comparison of airway pressures and expired gas washout for nasal high flow versus CPAP in child airway replicas

Author

Kelvin Duong, Michelle Noga, Joanna E. MacLean, Warren H. Finlay, and Andrew R. Martin

Subjects
Obstructive sleep apnea, Continuous positive airway pressure, Nasal high flow, Nasal cannula, Adherence, Tracheal pressure, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background For children and adults, the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is the delivery of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Though effective, CPAP masks can be uncomfortable to patients, contributing to adherence concerns. Recently, nasal high flow (NHF) therapy has been investigated as an alternative, especially in CPAP-intolerant children. The present study aimed to compare and contrast the positive airway pressures and expired gas washout generated by NHF versus CPAP in child nasal airway replicas. Methods NHF therapy was investigated at a flow rate of 20 L/min and compared to CPAP at 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O for 10 nasal airway replicas, built from computed tomography scans of children aged 4–8 years. NHF was delivered with three different high flow nasal cannula models provided by the same manufacturer, and CPAP was delivered with a sealed nasal mask. Tidal breathing through each replica was imposed using a lung simulator, and airway pressure at the trachea was recorded over time. For expired gas washout measurements, carbon dioxide was injected at the lung simulator, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) was measured at the trachea. Changes in EtCO2 compared to baseline values (no intervention) were assessed. Results NHF therapy generated an average positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5.17 ± 2.09 cmH2O (mean ± SD, n = 10), similar to PEEP of 4.95 ± 0.03 cmH2O generated by nominally 5 cmH2O CPAP. Variation in tracheal pressure was higher between airway replicas for NHF compared to CPAP. EtCO2 decreased from baseline during administration of NHF, whereas it increased during CPAP. No statistical difference in tracheal pressure nor EtCO2 was found between the three high flow nasal cannulas. Conclusion In child airway replicas, NHF at 20 L/min generated average PEEP similar to CPAP at 5 cm H2O. Variation in tracheal pressure was higher between airway replicas for NHF than for CPAP. The delivery of NHF yielded expired gas washout, whereas CPAP impeded expired gas washout due to the increased dead space of the sealed mask.

Published
2021
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39. Observational Signatures of Coronal Loop Heating and Cooling Driven by Footpoint Shuffling

Author

Dahlburg, R. B., Einaudi, G., Taylor, B. D., Ugarte-Urra, I., Warren, H. P., Rappazzo, A. F., and Velli, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The evolution of a coronal loop is studied by means of numerical simulations of the fully compressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations using the HYPERION code. The footpoints of the loop magnetic field are advected by random motions. As a consequence the magnetic field in the loop is energized and develops turbulent nonlinear dynamics characterized by the continuous formation and dissipation of field-aligned current sheets: energy is deposited at small scales where heating occurs. Dissipation is non-uniformly distributed so that only a fraction of the coronal mass and volume gets heated at any time. Temperature and density are highly structured at scales which, in the solar corona, remain observationally unresolved: the plasma of our simulated loop is multi-thermal, where highly dynamical hotter and cooler plasma strands are scattered throughout the loop at sub-observational scales. Numerical simulations of coronal loops of 50000 km length and axial magnetic field intensities ranging from 0.01 to 0.04 Tesla are presented. To connect these simulations to observations we use the computed number densities and temperatures to synthesize the intensities expected in emission lines typically observed with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode. These intensities are used to compute differential emission measure distributions using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain code, which are very similar to those derived from observations of solar active regions. We conclude that coronal heating is found to be strongly intermittent in space and time, with only small portions of the coronal loop being heated: in fact, at any given time, most of the corona is cooling down., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, ApJ (in press)

Published
2015
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40. Benchmark Test of Differential Emission Measure Codes and Multi-Thermal Energies in Solar Active Regions

Author

Aschwanden, M. J., Boerner, P., Caspi, A., McTiernan, J. M., Ryan, D., and Warren, H. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We compare the ability of 11 Differential Emission Measure (DEM) forward-fitting and inversion methods to constrain the properties of active regions and solar flares by simulating synthetic data using the instrumental response functions of SDO/AIA, SDO/EVE, RHESSI, and GOES/XRS. The codes include the single-Gaussian DEM, a bi-Gaussian DEM, a fixed-Gaussian DEM, a linear spline DEM, the spatial synthesis DEM, the Monte-Carlo Markov chain DEM, the regularized DEM inversion, the Hinode/XRT method, a polynomial spline DEM, an EVE+GOES, and an EVE+RHESSI method. Averaging the results from all 11 DEM methods, we find the following accuracies in the inversion of physical parameters: the EM-weighted temperature $T_w^{fit}/T_w^{sim}=0.9\pm0.1$, the peak emission measure $EM_p^{fit}/EM_p^{sim}=0.6\pm0.2$, the total emission measure $EM_t^{fit}/EM_t^{sim}=0.8\pm0.3$, and the multi-thermal energies $E_{th}^{fit}/EM_{th}^{sim}=1.2\pm0.4$. We find that the AIA spatial synthesis, the EVE+GOES, and the EVE+RHESSI method yield the most accurate results., Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, Solar Physics (in press)

Published
2015
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47. Global Energetics of Solar Flares: II. Thermal Energies

Author

Aschwanden, M. J., Boerner, P., Ryan, D., Caspi, A., McTiernan, J. M., and Warren, H. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the second part of a project on the global energetics of solar flares and CMEs that includes about 400 M- and X-class flares observed with AIA/SDO during the first 3.5 years of its mission. In this Paper II we compute the differential emission measure (DEM) distribution functions and associated multi-thermal energies, using a spatially-synthesized Gaussian DEM forward-fitting method. The multi-thermal DEM function yields a significantly higher (by an average factor of $\approx 14$), but more comprehensive (multi-)thermal energy than an isothermal energy estimate from the same AIA data. We find a statistical energy ratio of $E_{th}/E_{diss} \approx 2\%-40\%$ between the multi-thermal energy $E_{th}$ and the magnetically dissipated energy $E_{diss}$, which is an order of magnitude higher than the estimates of Emslie et al.~2012. For the analyzed set of M and X-class flares we find the following physical parameter ranges: $L=10^{8.2}-10^{9.7}$ cm for the length scale of the flare areas, $T_p=10^{5.7}-10^{7.4}$ K for the DEM peak temperature, $T_w=10^{6.8}-10^{7.6}$ K for the emission measure-weighted temperature, $n_p=10^{10.3}-10^{11.8}$ cm$^{-3}$ for the average electron density, $EM_p=10^{47.3}-10^{50.3}$ cm$^{-3}$ for the DEM peak emission measure, and $E_{th}=10^{26.8}-10^{32.0}$ erg for the multi-thermal energies. The deduced multi-thermal energies are consistent with the RTV scaling law $E_{th,RTV} = 7.3 \times 10^{-10} \ T_p^3 L_p^2$, which predicts extremal values of $E_{th,max} \approx 1.5 \times 10^{33}$ erg for the largest flare and $E_{th,min} \approx 1 \times 10^{24}$ erg for the smallest coronal nanoflare. The size distributions of the spatial parameters exhibit powerlaw tails that are consistent with the predictions of the fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality model combined with the RTV scaling law., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 2015-Feb-18 (in press)

Published
2015
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50. Toward clinical genomics in everyday medicine: perspectives and recommendations

Author

Delaney, Susan K, Hultner, Michael L, Jacob, Howard J, Ledbetter, David H, McCarthy, Jeanette J, Ball, Michael, Beckman, Kenneth B, Belmont, John W, Bloss, Cinnamon S, Christman, Michael F, Cosgrove, Andy, Damiani, Stephen A, Danis, Timothy, Delledonne, Massimo, Dougherty, Michael J, Dudley, Joel T, Faucett, W Andrew, Friedman, Jennifer R, Haase, David H, Hays, Tom S, Heilsberg, Stu, Huber, Jeff, Kaminsky, Leah, Ledbetter, Nikki, Lee, Warren H, Levin, Elissa, Libiger, Ondrej, Linderman, Michael, Love, Richard L, Magnus, David C, Martland, AnneMarie, McClure, Susan L, Megill, Scott E, Messier, Helen, Nussbaum, Robert L, Palaniappan, Latha, Patay, Bradley A, Popovich, Bradley W, Quackenbush, John, Savant, Mark J, Su, Michael M, Terry, Sharon F, Tucker, Steven, Wong, William T, and Green, Robert C

Subjects
Genetics, Biotechnology, Clinical Research, Cancer, Human Genome, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Delivery of Health Care, Genetic Testing, Genome, Human, Genomics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Precision Medicine, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Personalized medicine, precision medicine, clinical genomics, practice standards, genomic data, exome, genome, sequencing, genetic testing, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

Precision or personalized medicine through clinical genome and exome sequencing has been described by some as a revolution that could transform healthcare delivery, yet it is currently used in only a small fraction of patients, principally for the diagnosis of suspected Mendelian conditions and for targeting cancer treatments. Given the burden of illness in our society, it is of interest to ask how clinical genome and exome sequencing can be constructively integrated more broadly into the routine practice of medicine for the betterment of public health. In November 2014, 46 experts from academia, industry, policy and patient advocacy gathered in a conference sponsored by Illumina, Inc. to discuss this question, share viewpoints and propose recommendations. This perspective summarizes that work and identifies some of the obstacles and opportunities that must be considered in translating advances in genomics more widely into the practice of medicine.

Published
2016

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