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Effective treatment to prevent hospitalization and death in people with COVID‐19 exists, but people still need interventions that alleviate symptoms without drug interactions. Oral serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulins (SBI) may reduce symptoms and time‐to‐improvement in people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. In this randomized, open‐label, single‐site study, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 received SBI 5.0 g bis in die (BID) + Standard of Care (SOC) or SOC alone (2:1) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, 78.8% of hospitalized participants on SBI + SOC improved by World Health Organization (WHO) scale of ≥3 compared to 61.1% on SOC alone (odds ratio: OR = 2.4; p = 0.0663), with older participants (>57 years) showing more significant differences between the arms (OR = 6.1; p = 0.0109). Further, more participants on SBI + SOC reported absence of COVID‐19 symptoms at Week 2 (74.2%) compared to SOC alone (43.6%; OR = 3.7; p = 0.0031), most notably the absence of dyspnea on exertion (OR = 4.4; p = 0.0047), with women exhibiting the most significant eradication of all symptoms (OR = 5.8; p = 0.0080). No difference in change of IL‐6 between arms was observed. Overall, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 on SBI + SOC had a shorter time‐to‐recovery than on SOC alone, with a significantly higher rate of complete resolution of symptoms. Dyspnea on exertion was the symptom most significantly impacted. For people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19, oral SBI could be a safe and effective intervention, devoid of drug interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the vertical filtering of parameterized gravity wave pseudomomentum flux in the troposphere-stratosphere version of the Met Office Unified Model. Gravity wave forcing is parameterized using the Warner and McIntyre spectral gravity wave parameterization. The same amount of isotropic pseudomomentum flux per unit mass is launched from the planetary boundary layer at each grid point. The parameterization models the azimuthally dependent Doppler shifting and breaking of the gravity wave spectrum as it is filtered by the background atmosphere. The result is an anisotropic distribution of pseudomomentum flux among azimuthal sectors that varies greatly with altitude and location. This gives an idealized global climatology of nonorographic gravity waves. The filtering effect of the atmosphere in this climatology is diagnosed using the 'zonal anisotropy.' Results show areas where observational measurements could be targeted to find the most prominent features in the gravity wave field. Such areas include, for example, the summer stratosphere where zonal anisotropy is very large and where there is a significant localization in latitude and longitude of patches of high zonal anisotropy. Comparisons are also made with recent observational estimates of gravity wave fluxes and test whether wind filtering of a homogeneous, azimuthally isotropic source is enough to reproduce observed features of the gravity wave field.

A gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 44 (GH44) proteins from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 is prepared and transformed into Escherichia coli. Crystallization and X-ray diffraction have shown a triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel-like structure with additional Greek key and [beta]-sandwich folds, which is similar to other GH44 crystal structures.

Binding and thermodynamic properties of a carbohydratebindingmodule (CBM) and a glycoside hydrolase family 44 xyloglucanase/endoglucanasecatalytic domain (CD) from Ruminococcus flavefaciens, both when separate and when linked to each other, have been quantifiedwhen binding various β-1,4-linked glucans and xylans. The threeconstructs bind cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and cellohexaose withassociation constants that increase with chain length. The CBM doesnot bind xylotetraose, xylopentaose, or xylohexaose. The CD appearsto bind carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xylan only weakly, whilethe CBM and the CD/CBM bind them much more strongly than they bindthe cellooligosaccharides. CMC is bound to a much greater degree thanis xylan. Association constants for the cellooligosaccharides arein the order CBM ≪ CD < CD/CBM, while those on CMC and xylanare CD ≪ CBM ≪ CD/CBM. A synergistic effect was observedfor the association constants of cellopentaose and cellohexaose withthe CD/CBM when compared to the CD and CBM alone. Binding of all ligandsby all three constructs is energetically favorable, enthalpy-driven,and subject to enthalpy–entropy compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]