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2. Greedy Elites and Poor Lambs: How Young Europeans Remember the Great War

Author

Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Babinska, M, Bilewicz, M, Bobowik, M, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, M, Cabecinhas, R, Chryssochoou, X, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Franc, R, Hilton, D, Keles, S, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Macovei, I, Mari, S, Medugorac, V, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Raudsepp, M, Sá, A, Sakki, I, Turjacanin, I, Türken, S, van Ypersele, L, Vojak, D, Volpato, C, Warland, G, &amp, Klein, O, & Klein, O, Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Babinska, M, Bilewicz, M, Bobowik, M, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, M, Cabecinhas, R, Chryssochoou, X, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Franc, R, Hilton, D, Keles, S, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Macovei, I, Mari, S, Medugorac, V, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Raudsepp, M, Sá, A, Sakki, I, Turjacanin, I, Türken, S, van Ypersele, L, Vojak, D, Volpato, C, Warland, G, &amp, Klein, O, and & Klein, O

Abstract

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations’ leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup.

Published
2019

3. 100 years after: What is the relation between pacifist attitudes and social representations of the great war?

Author

Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, S, Cohrs, C, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Hilton, D, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Mari, S, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Tavani, J, van Ypersele, L, Volpato, C, Warland, G, Klein, O, Flassbeck, C., Pólya, T., Tavani, J. -L, Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, S, Cohrs, C, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Hilton, D, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Mari, S, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Tavani, J, van Ypersele, L, Volpato, C, Warland, G, Klein, O, Flassbeck, C., Pólya, T., and Tavani, J. -L

Abstract

In this article we use a social representational perspective on a large sample of European students to consider the interplay between pacifist attitudes and representations of World War I (WWI). WWI gave rise to pacifist movements across the globe. Across 10 European countries (N = 1,347 undergraduate students), we invited participants to report the first 5 words that came to their mind when thinking about this event and measured their level of pacifism. Analyses of the reported words revealed the presence of seven lexical classes corresponding to 2 main perspectives on WWI. The first main perspective was characterized by "analytical" representations of the war, with a focus on the places and actors of WWI. The second perspective highlighted negative emotions and appraisals associated with war. Overall, we found that the pacifist attitudes we analyzed were associated with a view of the conflict in terms of negatively valanced words, both at the emotional level and in terms of concrete consequences. Conversely lower pacifist attitudes were linked with an emphasis upon weapons. The present results help fill a gap in the literature on attitudes toward peace and war by evidencing their interplay with the way individuals view war. These findings allow us to establish a connection between mainstream, individualcentered approach to attitudes relying on individual premises and social representation theory. Moreover, in line with historical scholarship, these results suggest that a common interpretational framework underlies a view of the conflict associated with the pacifist wave that emerged 100 years ago and current pacifist attitudes. Finally, the present study is the first large scale psychology study of the social representations of the Great War.

Published
2019

4. Intégrer hydroélectricité et énergies renouvelables intermittentes liées au climat : un appel pour l'hydrologie

Author

Francois, B., marco borga, Anquetin, S., Creutin, J. D., Engeland, K., Favre, A. C., Hingray, B., Ramos, M. H., Raynaud, D., Renard, B., Sauquet, E., Sauterleute, J. F., Vidal, J. P., Warland, G., DEPARTMENT OF LAND ENVIRONMENT AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), NORWEGIAN WATER RESOURCES AND ENERGY DIRECTORATE OSLO NOR, Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), ENERGY RESEARCH SINTEF TRONDHEIM NOR, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA ITA, and SINTEF TRONDHEIM NOR

Subjects
HYDROELECTRICITE, CLIMATE-RELATED ENERGIES, HYDROPOWER, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, INTEGRATION, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

International audience; Currently, the debate about the role of hydropower as energy storage and balancing energy source in context of high intermittency and variability of solar and wind energy exposes hydrologists to new challenges. There is a common consensus that a high penetration of wind and solar energies can only be achieved if the issues to their intermittent power outputs are solved – issues which can be at least partially approached by means of hydropower systems. Indeed, unlike wind and solar energies which are only produced when wind and sun are available, hydro resources can be stored in reservoirs for later use. Finally, the energy production should balance the energy demand which is to a large degree, controlled by weather variables, especially temperature. However, despite substantial work on the space-time variability of each individual hydro-meteorological variable, advances on the joint analysis of the processes that are underlying this integration are more limited. In this commentary, we analyze three specific challenges dedicated to the hydrological community. They aim to improve the integration of hydropower with solar and wind energy sources to make more effective the use of renewable energy and water resources. These challenges are: i) the need to provide a new hydro-meteorological framework for the analysis of the space-time co-fluctuations between runoff regimes and solar, wind and temperature variables; ii) understanding how processes like land-use and climate change affect the nature of these co-fluctuations; and iii) the need to develop means for a quantitative analysis of interactions between the use of water for power generation and other water uses including the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. In some way, the success of climate change mitigation policies based on high intermittent energy integration will depend on how these different challenges have been achieved by hydrologist community. The work presented is part of the FP7 project COMPLEX (Knowledge based climate mitigation systems for a low carbon economy; http://www.complex.ac.uk/). A related invited commentary is going to be submitted to the “Hydrological Processes Today” journal.

Published
2014
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5. Rapport d'orientation sur la dépendance spatio-temporelle entre sources d'énergie et production d'énergie liée au climat

Author

Engeland, K., Borga, M., Creutin, J.D., Ramos, M.H., Tøfte, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Warland, G., SINTEF TRONDHEIM NOR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA ITA, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Européen (appel d'offres international), irstea, and Projet européen FP7 COMPLEX, Grant Agreement Number 308601

Subjects
PRODUCTION, ENERGY, CLIMATE, SOURCES, DEPENDANCE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SPATIO-TEMPORAL
Abstract

The European Renewable Energy Directive adopted in 2009 focuses on achieving a 20% share of renewable energy in the EU overall energy mix by 2020. A major part of renewable energy production is related to climate, which we will call in this report “climate related energy” (CRE), and we focus mainly on wind- solar- and hydropower. The CRE production systems are characterized by a large degree of intermittency and variability on both short and long time scales due to the natural variability of climate variables. The main strategies to handle the variability of CRE production include energystorage, -transport, -diversity and -information (smart grids). The three first strategies aim to smooth the intermittency and variability of CRE production in time and space whereas the last strategy aims to provide a more optimal interaction between energy production and demand, i.e. to smooth the residual load (the difference between demand and production). The working hypothesis of this report is that in order to increase the CREs share in the electricity system, it is essential to understand the space-time co-variability between the weather variables and CRE production under both current and future climates. Based on this working hypothesis we find that the different reviewed studies generally tackle sub-problems. The majority of studies deals with either a single CRE source or with the combination of two CREs, mostly wind and solar, probably because the most advanced countries in term of wind equipment have very little hydropower potential (Denmark, Ireland or UK for instance). Hydropower is characterized by both a large storage capacity and flexibility in electricity production, and has therefore a large potential for both balancing and storing energy from wind- and solar-power. Several studies look at how to connect regions with large share of hydropower (e.g. Scandinavia and the Alps) better to regions with high shares of wind- and solar-power (green battery North-Sea net). Various studies consider wind and solar and their cofluctuation at small time scale. The multi-scales nature of the variability is less studied, i.e. potential adverse or favorable co-fluctuation at intermediate time scales involving water scarcity/ abundance. It could be especially interesting to study how the pronounced large-scale fluctuations in inflow to hydropower (intra-annual) and smaller scale fluctuations in wind- and solar-power (daily) interact in an energy system. There is a need to better represent the profound difference between wind-, sun- and hydro-energy sources. On the one hand, they are all directly linked to the 2-D horizontal dynamics of meteorology. On the other hand, the branching structure of hydrological systems transforms this variability and governs the complex combination of natural inflows and reservoir storage. The CRE production is, in addition to weather, also influenced by the energy system and market, i.e. the energy transport and demand across scales as well as changes of market regulation. The CRE production system lies in this nexus between climate, energy system and market regulations.

Published
2013

6. Integrating hydropower and intermittent climate‐related renewable energies: a call for hydrology

Author

François, B., primary, Borga, M., additional, Anquetin, S., additional, Creutin, J. D., additional, Engeland, K., additional, Favre, A. C., additional, Hingray, B., additional, Ramos, M. H., additional, Raynaud, D., additional, Renard, B., additional, Sauquet, E., additional, Sauterleute, J. F., additional, Vidal, J. P., additional, and Warland, G., additional

Published
2014
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20. A hydrothermal market model for simulation of area prices including detailed network analyses.

Author

Helseth, A., Warland, G., and Mo, B.

Subjects
*HYDROTHERMAL electric power systems, *ELECTRIC network analyzers, *ELECTRIC power distribution planning, *POWER system simulation, *LINEAR programming
Abstract

SUMMARY This paper presents a method for treating transmission network bottlenecks in a stochastic market model, through a flow-based market clearing process. The market model is designed for long-term and medium-term scheduling of hydrothermal power system operation, where generators and loads are allocated into regional subsystems or price areas. In addition to detailed hydropower, the model allows the use of detailed wind power data and start-up costs on thermal generators. A description of the model's overall simulation logic is presented, emphasizing on the introduction of network constraints in the system simulation part. Simulation results at price-area level are disaggregated to a transmission network model. Potential overloads are identified through linearized (DC) power flow analyses. In case of overloads, network constraints are generated by use of aggregate sensitivity factors and added to the market model. A four-area test case is presented to illustrate the impact of including detailed network analyses on the simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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22. 100 years after: What is the relation between pacifist attitudes and social representations of the Great War?

Author

Christine Flassbeck, Chiara Volpato, Denis Hilton, Tibor Pólya, Valérie Rosoux, Resit Kislioglu, Pierre Bouchat, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Sylvain Delouvée, Geneviève Warland, Olivier Klein, Alice Krenn, Laurent Licata, Susanne Bruckmüller, Nebojša Petrović, Laurence Van Ypersele, Federica Durante, Inna Bovina, Silvia Mari, Jean Louis Tavani, Heinrich Ammerer, J. Christopher Cohrs, Christian G. Allesch, Istvan Csertó, Chantal Kesteloot, Moscow State Regional University., Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura, Ambientale (DICEAA), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development (CEPS/INSTEAD), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, S, Cohrs, C, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Hilton, D, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Mari, S, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Tavani, J, van Ypersele, L, Volpato, C, Warland, G, Klein, O, and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
Social representation, WWI, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Gender studies, Pacifist Attitude, Pacifism, Europe, Attitude, Social Representations of the Great War, Political Science and International Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, Relation (history of concept), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

In this article we use a social representational perspective on a large sample of European students to consider the interplay between pacifist attitudes and representations of World War I (WWI). WWI gave rise to pacifist movements across the globe. Across 10 European countries (N = 1,347 undergraduate students), we invited participants to report the first 5 words that came to their mind when thinking about this event and measured their level of pacifism. Analyses of the reported words revealed the presence of seven lexical classes corresponding to 2 main perspectives on WWI. The first main perspective was characterized by "analytical" representations of the war, with a focus on the places and actors of WWI. The second perspective highlighted negative emotions and appraisals associated with war. Overall, we found that the pacifist attitudes we analyzed were associated with a view of the conflict in terms of negatively valanced words, both at the emotional level and in terms of concrete consequences. Conversely lower pacifist attitudes were linked with an emphasis upon weapons. The present results help fill a gap in the literature on attitudes toward peace and war by evidencing their interplay with the way individuals view war. These findings allow us to establish a connection between mainstream, individualcentered approach to attitudes relying on individual premises and social representation theory. Moreover, in line with historical scholarship, these results suggest that a common interpretational framework underlies a view of the conflict associated with the pacifist wave that emerged 100 years ago and current pacifist attitudes. Finally, the present study is the first large scale psychology study of the social representations of the Great War.

Published
2019
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23. Greedy elites and poor lambs: How young Europeans remember the great war

Author

Christian G. Allesch, Chantal Kesteloot, Serap Keles, Tibor Pólya, Olivier Klein, Inna Bovina, Geneviève Warland, Alberto Sá, Laurent Licata, Maria Babińska, Denis Hilton, Vanja Medugorac, Salman Türken, Xenia Chryssochoou, Federica Durante, Valérie Rosoux, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Resit Kislioglu, Alice Krenn, Christine Flassbeck, Pierre Bouchat, Danijel Vojak, Nebojša Petrović, Maaris Raudsepp, Renata Franc, Rosa Cabecinhas, Laurence Van Ypersele, Vladimir Turjačanin, Irina Macovei, Inari Sakki, Heinrich Ammerer, Sylvain Delouvée, Magdalena Bobowik, István Csertő, Susanne Bruckmüller, Michał Bilewicz, Silvia Mari, Chiara Volpato, University of Warsaw, University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura, Ambientale (DICEAA), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development (CEPS/INSTEAD), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, Moscow State Regional University., Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Minho, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCL - SSH/SPLE - Institut de sciences politiques Louvain-Europe, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Babinska, M, Bilewicz, M, Bobowik, M, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, M, Cabecinhas, R, Chryssochoou, X, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Franc, R, Hilton, D, Keles, S, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Macovei, I, Mari, S, Medugorac, V, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Raudsepp, M, Sá, A, Sakki, I, Turjacanin, I, Türken, S, van Ypersele, L, Vojak, D, Volpato, C, Warland, G, amp, Klein, O, Everyday thinking and arguing, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), and Faculty of Social Sciences

Subjects
History, Psychologie sociale, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, lcsh:BF1-990, Social Sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Social representations, 050105 experimental psychology, Political science, Social representation, European integration, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Charter, Content (Freudian dream analysis), Social identity theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Applied Psychology, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, charter, Europe, history, social identity, social representations, WWI, WWI, 05 social sciences, Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Comunicação, Social identity, charter, Europe, history, social identity, social representations, Ingroups and outgroups, 5144 Social psychology, lcsh:Psychology, Spanish Civil War, Political economy, Outgroup, Ciências da Comunicação [Ciências Sociais]
Abstract

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations’ leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu and Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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24. Cellular characterization and successful transfection of serially subcultured normal human esophageal keratinocytes.

Author

Compton CC, Warland G, Nakagawa H, Opitz OG, and Rustgi AK

Subjects
3T3 Cells, Animals, Avian Sarcoma Viruses genetics, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Coculture Techniques, Esophagus metabolism, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferases analysis, Luciferases genetics, Mice, Models, Biological, Transfection genetics, Esophagus cytology, Keratinocytes cytology, Keratinocytes metabolism
Abstract

Background: In vitro cell culture models can provide unique insights into squamous epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Cultures of human esophageal keratinocytes could be advantageous for the study of these processes., Methods: Normal human esophageal keratinocytes were cultivated on 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers in vitro and expanded through four serial subcultivations. Confluent tertiary cultures were analyzed by morphological and immunohistochemical techniques to define their basic properties. The ability to transiently transfect cultured esophageal epithelium was tested using a Rous sarcoma virus-luciferase reporter gene by the calcium phosphate and lipofection methods., Results: Postconfluent cultures displayed a predominantly basal cell phenotype with limited stratification, widespread expression of keratins 5 and 14, and production of attachment specialization proteins such as alpha6beta4 integrin and collagen VII. Terminal differentiation markers (involucrin and transglutaminase) were prematurely expressed. The cells expressed growth factors important in proliferation and differentiation, such as transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-1beta. Tertiary cultures were successfully transiently transfected with a Rous sarcoma virus-luciferase reporter gene construct., Conclusion: Normal human esophageal cells can be serially passaged through extended numbers of cell generations and transfected by standard methods. This in vitro system may be useful in the study of fundamental cellular processes governing proliferation and differentiation in the esophageal epithelium.

Published
1998
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25. Cultured human sole-derived keratinocyte grafts re-express site-specific differentiation after transplantation.

Author

Compton CC, Nadire KB, Regauer S, Simon M, Warland G, O'Connor NE, Gallico GG, and Landry DB

Subjects
Adolescent, Biomarkers, Burns surgery, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured transplantation, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Keratinocytes cytology, Keratinocytes metabolism, Keratins biosynthesis, Male, Nevus congenital, Nevus surgery, Phenotype, Protein Isoforms biosynthesis, Skin Neoplasms congenital, Skin Neoplasms surgery, Transplantation, Autologous, Epidermal Cells, Foot, Keratinocytes transplantation
Abstract

Cultured epithelial autografts (CEA) derived from sole skin were transplanted to full-thickness wounds excised to muscle fascia over a variety of diverse body sites in 12 pediatric patients treated for acute burns or giant congenital nevi. The skin regenerated from the grafts was biopsied from 7 days to 6 years after grafting. The resultant epidermal phenotype was analyzed histologically and by immunohistochemical localization of keratin 9 (K9) as objective evidence of sole-type site-specific differentiation. Expression of K9 was also verified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis of epidermal cytoskeletal extracts and K9 immunoblot analysis. Grafts prepared from epidermis of axilla; groin or foreskin and transplanted to wounds of comparable depth in an identical manner in the same patients served as controls of postgrafting differentiation. Biopsies of sole skin from amputation specimens from patients of comparable age served as normal positive controls, and biopsies of nonsole skin from patients of comparable age served as normal negative controls. As early as 2 weeks postgrafting, the histologic appearance of sole-derived CEA differed substantively from that of axilla- or groin-derived CEA controls and displayed a phenotype characteristic of sole skin with a thick compact stratum corneum, a thick stratum granulosum, and a distinct stratum lucidum. In sole-derived grafts rete ridges regenerated within 2 months postgrafting, whereas nonsole-derived grafts required 4-6 months for rete ridge regeneration. Once acquired, the sole skin phenotype was maintained long-term by all sole-derived CEA. In vitro, sole-derived keratinocytes synthesized little, if any, K9. However, within 7 days after grafting, K9 synthesis by multiple suprabasal keratinocytes was seen within the epidermis regenerated from sole-derived CEA. Protein of K9 appeared progressively more diffuse throughout the suprabasal layers, attaining a confluent pattern of expression comparable to normal controls of sole skin by 6 to 12 months postgrafting, and the confluent pattern of suprabasal K9 synthesis was maintained long-term. The results demonstrate that site-specific differentiation is an intrinsic property of postnatal human keratinocytes and can be expressed and maintained in a permissive environment in the absence of dermal tissue.

Published
1998
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26. Melanocytes in cultured epithelial grafts are depleted with serial subcultivation and cryopreservation: implications for clinical outcome.

Author

Compton CC, Warland G, and Kratz G

Subjects
Adult, Cell Survival, Child, Child, Preschool, Culture Techniques, Epidermis transplantation, Histocytochemistry, Histological Techniques, Humans, Monophenol Monooxygenase analysis, Pigmentation Disorders etiology, Transplantation, Autologous, Cryopreservation, Epithelium growth & development, Melanocytes cytology
Abstract

Patchy hypopigmentation often occurs unpredictably in the skin regenerated from cultured epidermal autografts, especially when that skin is grown from frozen cells, serially passaged, or both. The impact of serial subcultivation and cryopreservation on melanocyte viability in the cultured epidermal autograft culture system was investigated. Serial subcultivation of human keratinocytes through as many as eight passages was performed, and melanocyte densities in confluent cultures at each passage were determined after specific labeling of melanocytes. The experimental cells were frozen before cultivation and between passages to determine the effect of standard cryopreservation on melanocyte survival. Freshly passaged cells that had not been frozen served as controls. Melanocytes were gradually depleted during fresh passage of epidermal cells but persisted through as many as seven passages. Freezing before or after the first passage or between subsequent passages resulted in a complete loss of melanocytes by the third or fourth passage. The findings suggest that cryopreservation should be avoided during cultured epidermal autograft production to optimize melanocyte survival and minimize pigmentation abnormalities that may occur after grafting.

Published
1998
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27. Organized skin structure is regenerated in vivo from collagen-GAG matrices seeded with autologous keratinocytes.

Author

Compton CC, Butler CE, Yannas IV, Warland G, and Orgill DP

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, Surface analysis, Collagen analysis, Factor VIII analysis, Female, Glycosaminoglycans analysis, Immunohistochemistry, Integrin alpha6beta4, Integrins analysis, Keratinocytes cytology, Keratins analysis, Ki-67 Antigen analysis, Laminin analysis, Protein Precursors analysis, Skin anatomy & histology, Skin chemistry, Skin cytology, Skin Transplantation pathology, Swine, Time Factors, Transplantation, Autologous, Keratinocytes transplantation, Regeneration physiology, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Skin Transplantation physiology, Skin, Artificial
Abstract

A well-characterized collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix (CGM) that has been shown to function as a dermal analog was seeded with freshly disaggregated autologous keratinocytes and applied to full-thickness wounds in a porcine model. CGM were impregnated with 50,000 keratinocytes per cm2, a seeding density that produces a confluent epidermis within 19 d post-grafting and affords a 60-fold surface expansion of the donor epidermis. In this study, the temporal sequence of events in epidermal and neodermal formation was analyzed histopathologically and immunohistochemically from 4 to 35 d post-grafting. The epidermis was observed to form from clonal growth of individual keratinocytes into epithelial cords and islands that gradually enlarged, coalesced, differentiated to form large horn cysts, and finally reorganized at the graft surface to form a fully differentiated, normally oriented epidermis with rete ridges. Simultaneously, a neodermis formed from migration of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages into the CGM from the underlying wound bed, resulting in formation of blood vessels, the production of abundant extracellular matrix, and the degradation of the CGM fibers, respectively. Gradually, the stromal cellularity of the CGM decreased and collagen deposition and remodeling increased to form a neodermal connective tissue matrix beneath the newly formed epidermis. Complete dissolution of the CGM occurred, partly as a result of degradation by an ongoing foreign-body giant cell reaction that peaked at 8-12 d post-grafting, but neither acute inflammation nor evidence of immune stimulation were observed. Within 1 mo, many structural components of normal skin were reconstituted.

Published
1998
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28. Changes in tumor proliferation of rectal cancer induced by preoperative 5-fluorouracil and irradiation.

Author

Willett CG, Hagan M, Daley W, Warland G, Shellito PC, and Compton CC

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cell Division drug effects, Cell Division radiation effects, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Fluorouracil administration & dosage, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 Antigen analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Mitosis, Neoplasm Staging, Preoperative Care, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen analysis, Rectal Neoplasms chemistry, Rectal Neoplasms pathology, Fluorouracil therapeutic use, Rectal Neoplasms therapy
Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the effect of 5-fluorouracil administration during preoperative irradiation on rectal cancer tumor proliferation., Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty-three patients with locally advanced rectal cancer received 45 to 50 Gy of preoperative irradiation with (103 patients) and without (50 patients) concurrent 5-fluorouracil, followed by surgery. Pretreatment tumor biopsies and postirradiation surgical specimens were scored for proliferative activity by assaying the extent of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining and the number of mitoses per ten high-powered fields. Postirradiation specimens were also assessed for downstaging., Results: Although 5-fluorouracil did not improve downstaging rates, marked decreases in the activity of all three markers of proliferation (mitotic counts, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining) were seen in rectal cancers of patients receiving the drug. No significant decreases were noted in patients undergoing irradiation only., Conclusion: The addition of 5-fluorouracil to preoperative irradiation resulted in a more complete inactivation of the proliferating population. Frequency of downstaging, however, was unaffected. Thus, the quiescent cell population appears to represent a substantial barrier to further downstaging. New treatment strategies should be aimed at controlled recruitment of quiescent tumor cells at the time of irradiation.

Published
1998
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29. The generation of anchoring fibrils by epidermal keratinocytes: a quantitative long-term study.

Author

Compton CC, Press W, Gill JM, Bantick G, Nadire KB, Warland G, Fallon JT 3rd, and Vamvakas EC

Subjects
Basement Membrane chemistry, Basement Membrane metabolism, Basement Membrane ultrastructure, Biopsy, Cell Adhesion physiology, Collagen analysis, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Keratinocytes chemistry, Keratinocytes ultrastructure, Longitudinal Studies, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Wound Healing physiology, Epidermal Cells, Keratinocytes metabolism
Abstract

Anchoring fibrils (AFs) are derived from basal keratinocytes, but the kinetics of their formation is unknown. In this study, de novo generation of AFs by cultured human keratinocyte autografts was assessed from 1 week to 6 years postgrafting. Within 2 weeks, AF population densities were equal to those of normal controls and remained normal thereafter. However, AF diameters were narrow compared to controls (P < 0.05) until 3 years postgrafting. The depth of extension of AF-anchoring plaque lattices into the subjacent stroma was normal by 3 weeks but, after 1 month, was typically 1.5-to 2-fold greater than normal. The findings indicate that: (1) basal keratinocytes immediately re-establish a full complement of AFs; (2) once reformed, AF populations remain normal in density over time; (3) nascent AFs are thin and require several years to reach full maturity; and (4) abnormally thick AF lattices may form over time in healed wounds.

Published
1995

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