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Aims: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure to address pain and enhance function in hip disorders such as osteoarthritis. Despite its success, postoperative patient recovery exhibits considerable heterogeneity. This study aimed to investigate whether patients follow distinct pain trajectories following THA and identify the patient characteristics linked to suboptimal trajectories. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed THA patients at a large academic centre (NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, USA) from January 2018 to January 2023, who completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain intensity questionnaires, collected preoperatively at one-, three-, six-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up times. Growth mixture modelling (GMM) was used to model the trajectories. Optimal model fit was determined by Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test (VLMR-LRT), posterior probabilities, and entropy values. Association between trajectory groups and patient characteristics were measured by multinomial logistic regression using the three-step approach. Results: Among the 1,249 patients, a piecewise GMM model revealed three distinct pain trajectory groups: 56 patients (4.5%) in group 1; 1,144 patients (91.6%) in group 2; and 49 patients (3.9%) in group 3. Patients in group 2 experienced swift recovery post-THA and minimal preoperative pain. In contrast, groups 1 and 3 initiated with pronounced preoperative pain; however, only group 3 exhibited persistent long-term pain. Multinomial regression indicated African Americans were exceedingly likely to follow trajectory groups 1 (odds ratio (OR) 2.73) and 3 (OR 3.18). Additionally, odds of membership to group 3 increased by 12% for each BMI unit rise, by 19% for each added postoperative day, and by over four if discharged to rehabilitation services (OR 4.07). Conclusion: This study identified three distinct pain trajectories following THA, highlighting the role of individual patient factors in postoperative recovery. This emphasizes the importance of preoperatively addressing modifiable risk factors associated with suboptimal pain trajectories, particularly in at-risk patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(3):174–183.

Background and Aim: Dog behavior problems pose serious public health and economic and animal welfare concerns. There are many factors influencing dog behavior. This study aims to explore factors associated with pet dog behavior in Thailand using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). Materials and Methods: The Thai version of the C-BARQ was validated in 2022. The online C-BARQ survey (Google Forms) was advertised and distributed on social media for 3 months. There were a total of 1827 respondents to the survey. The relationship among 12 subscales and variables was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Results: “Excitability,” “attachment- and attention-seeking,” and “chasing” were the three most reported behavior problems. “Trainability,” a favored dog behavior, also had a high score in the study. These behaviors were associated with the owner’s age, house type, the dog’s historical background, the number of dogs and the presence of other species in the household, the dog’s training, diet types, and the daily number of meals. The lowest mean score was for “owner-directed aggression,” and it was associated with the dog’s gender and size, the number of dogs and the presence of other species in the household, the dog’s training, and the number of daily meals. Conclusion: This is the first empirical study demonstrating factors related to dog behavior in Thailand. It provides an in-depth understanding of the prevalence and factors associated with Thai pet dog behavior and important knowledge for further studies to advocate for dog–human relationships and contribute to a reduction in dog abandonment in Thailand.

Abstract During a survey of mucoralean fungi in soil from an upland forest area located in Pernambuco, Brazil, a strain of Backusella (URM 8637) was isolated. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA regions], it was recognized that this Backusella differed from all other species in the genus. Morphologically, the new species is characterized as forming varied-shaped columellae, including elongated, basally constricted, unisporate (rare) and multisporate sporangiola, and ellipsoidal sporangiospores. The maximum temperature growth of URM 8637 on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar was 36 °C. In the phylogram, it was closely related to B. constricta. Based on the evidence from the analyzed datasets, a new species of Backusella is proposed. An updated identification key for Backusella from the Americas is provided.

ABSTRACT Piptocephalis includes mycoparasitic fungi, mainly targeting mucoralean species. Until now, there has been no compilation of data on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of Piptocephalis, which is a barrier to the proper identification of species of this genus by taxonomists. The present study provides an overview of Piptocephalis with taxonomic and occurrence data, in addition to reporting P. graefenhanii and P. xenophila for the first time in South America. Both species were observed parasitizing Mucor spp. The P. graefenhanii was observed growing on paca dung and P. xenophila was observed on guinea-pig dung in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Aspects of their morphology are discussed and a key for the genus is presented.

Introduction: Occupational stress is a modern epidemic. In terms of stress assessment, tools such as questionnaires are believed to be more subjective, especially in the assessment of stress in the workplace, while of course an objective assessment of stress also needs to be carried out. Objective examination for occupationalsstress will be very useful in the occupationalhhealth settings, which can early detect stress at work and prevent the long term effects. Therefore, this literature review aims to investigate the role of HRV in determining occupational stress. Methods: The searching methods used were PubMed and Google Scholar to find related journals about occupational stress and HRV, published in English. The articlessthatmmet the inclusion criteria were analysed basedoonothesstudy design, study population, occupationalsstressaand HRV assessment based on the Centre of Evidence-based Medicine, the University of Oxford for therapy study. Moreover, sample size varied from 8 to 1788. Results: It was found that there are three studies that fit the criteria, which are one systematic review study, one longitudinal study, and one cross-sectional study. The main finding from those articles was that occupational or job stress is found to be associated with lowered HRV value. Conclusion: HRV can be recommended for practicing occupational physicians and company doctors to identify the core areas of work- related stress. Keywords: biomonitoring, heart rate variability, coccupational stress

Isomucor trufemiae was isolated and described for the first time from soil samples collected in the state of São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2012. Eight years later, we isolated this species in the state of Pernambuco as the second record worldwide and the first record to northeastern Brazil. Isomucor trufemiae URM 8342 was isolated from a soil sample during a study on the diversity of Mucorales in a Montane Atlantic Forest area in the municipality of Bonito, Pernambuco, Brazil, and identified through morphological and molecular analyses (ITS and LSU sequences of rDNA). Aspects of the morphology and distribution of this species are commented in this manuscript.

In this paper I suggest a technique which uses the familiar Parker Brother's game "Monopoly" to introduce core concepts of race and ethnic relations. I offer anecdotes from my classes where an abbreviated version of the game is used as an analog to highlight the sociological concepts of direct institutional discrimination, the legacy of discrimination, colorblind racism, affirmative action, and reparations. I describe how, after playing the game, the participants spend a short amount of time debriefing in order to express their emotions and examine their motivations. Later, in a broader class discussion, I invite both participants and observers to explain the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of all players and connect these explanations to theoretical concepts in sociology. After debriefing and discussion, I refer to the shared experiences of the students from the game in subsequent lectures and readings.

Carbonate communities: The activity of anaerobic methane oxidizing microbes facilitates precipitation of vast quantities of authigenic carbonate at methane seeps. Here we demonstrate the significant role of carbonate rocks in promoting diversity by providing unique habitat and food resources for macrofaunal assemblages at seeps on the Costa Rica margin (400-1850 m). The attendant fauna is surprisingly similar to that in rocky intertidal shores, with numerous grazing gastropods (limpets and snails) as dominant taxa. However, the community feeds upon seep-associated microbes. Macrofaunal density, composition, and diversity on carbonates vary as a function of seepage activity, biogenic habitat and location. The macrofaunal community of carbonates at non-seeping (inactive) sites is strongly related to the hydrography (depth, temperature, O2) of overlying water, whereas the fauna at sites of active seepage is not. Densities are highest on active rocks from tubeworm bushes and mussel beds, particularly at the Mound 12 location (1000 m). Species diversity is higher on rocks exposed to active seepage, with multiple species of gastropods and polychaetes dominant, while crustaceans, cnidarians, and ophiuroids were better represented on rocks at inactive sites. Macro-infauna (larger than 0.3 mm) from tube cores taken in nearby seep sediments at comparable depths exhibited densities similar to those on carbonate rocks, but had lower diversity and different taxonomic composition. Seep sediments had higher densities of ampharetid, dorvilleid, hesionid, cirratulid and lacydoniid polychaetes, whereas carbonates had more gastropods, as well as syllid, chrysopetalid and polynoid polychaetes. Stable isotope signatures and metrics: The stable isotope signatures of carbonates were heterogeneous, as were the food sources and nutrition used by the animals. Carbonate δ13Cinorg values (mean = -26.98‰) ranged from -53.3‰ to +10.0‰, and were significantly heavier than carbonate δ13Corg (mean = -33.83‰), which ranged from -74.4‰ to -20.6‰. Invertebrates on carbonates had average δ13C (per rock) = -31.0‰ (range -18.5‰ to -46.5‰) and δ15N = 5.7‰ (range -4.5‰ to +13.4‰). Average δ13C values did not differ between active and inactive sites; carbonate fauna from both settings depend on chemosynthesis-based nutrition. Community metrics reflecting trophic diversity (SEAc, total Hull Area, ranges of δ13C and δ15N) and species packing (mean distance to centroid, nearest neighbor distance) also did not vary as a function of seepage activity or site. However, distinct isotopic signatures were observed among related, co-occurring species of gastropods and polychaetes, reflecting intense microbial resource partitioning. Overall, the substrate and nutritional heterogeneity introduced by authigenic seep carbonates act to promote diverse, uniquely adapted assemblages, even after seepage ceases. The macrofauna in these ecosystems remain largely overlooked in most surveys, but are major contributors to biodiversity of chemosynthetic ecosystems and the deep sea in general.

Taylor et al., 2008 reported that 80% of occupational dermatoses were contact dermatitis. One of the chemicals that can cause skin disorders is pesticides that are often used in the community, especially oil palm plantation companies (PKS). The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one risk control for contact dermatitis in workers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and behavior of PPE usage with contact dermatitis in oil palm pesticide workers. The research design used was cross-sectional using a total sampling technique that is all workers giving oil palm pesticides in one PKS company in a district of 37 people. The variables used were contact dermatitis obtained from workers' medical records, knowledge using questionnaire instruments, and PPE usage behavior through observation for 3 days with random time. The results showed that 62.2% of workers giving oil pesticides had contact dermatitis, there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the use of PPE and contact dermatitis (p value = 0.001) and there was a significant relationship between the behavior of PPE use with contact dermatitis (p value = 0,000) giver of palm pesticides. To reduce the occurrence of contact dermatitis can be done by increasing the knowledge and behavior of using PPE. Keywords : Contact dermatitis, pesticide, personnel protective equipment, palm oil

Ventricular infection due to XDR Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii) is the most severe complication after neurosurgery which associated with high morbidity and mortality. Managing A. baumanii ventriculitis/shunt infection and multiple brain abscesses is challenging since its nature that tends to be pandrug resistant to all antibiotics used. Thus, we present the first such case with problems in administration based on the available data.

Early virus detection and characterization is key to successful avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance for the health of humans as well as domestic poultry. We explored a novel sampling approach and molecular strategy using sediment from wetlands and outdoor waterbodies on poultry farms as a population-level proxy of AIV activity in waterfowls. RNA was extracted using the MoBio RNA PowerSoil Total RNA isolation kit with additional chloroform extraction steps to reduce PCR inhibition. AIV matrix protein (MP) gene was detected in 42/345 (12.2%) samples by RT-qPCR; an additional 64 (18.6%) samples showed evidence of amplification below the threshold and were categorized as “suspect positive.” Enrichment-based targeted resequencing (TR) identified AIV sequences in 79/345 (22.9%) samples. TR probes were designed for MP, hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA), however PB2 and PA were also identified. Although RT-qPCR and TR only had fair-moderate agreement, RT-qPCR positivity was predictive of TR-positivity both when using only strictly positive RT-qPCR samples (OR = 11.29) and when coding suspect positives as positive (OR = 7.56). This indicates that RT-qPCR could be used as a screening tool to select samples for virus characterization by TR and that future studies should consider RT-qPCR suspect positives to be positive samples for subsequent resequencing when avoiding false negatives is the priority, for instance in a diagnostic test, and to consider suspect positives to be negative samples when cost efficiency over a large number of samples is the priority, for instance in a surveillance program. A total of 13 HA (H1-7, H9-13, H16) and 9 NA (N1-9) subtypes were identified, with a maximum of 8 HA and 8 NA subtypes detected in a single sample. The optimized RNA extraction and targeted resequencing methods provided increased virus detection and subtyping characterization that could be implemented in an AIV surveillance system.