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3. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Author

Voysey, Merryn, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, Madhi, Shabir A., Weckx, Lily Y., Folegatti, Pedro M., Aley, Parvinder K., Angus, Brian, Baillie, Vicky L., Barnabas, Shaun L., Bhorat, Qasim E., Bibi, Sagida, Briner, Carmen, Cicconi, Paola, Collins, Andrea M., Colin-Jones, Rachel, Cutland, Clare L., Darton, Thomas C., Dheda, Keertan, Duncan, Christopher J. A., Emary, Katherine R. W., Ewer, Katie J., Fairlie, Lee, Faust, Saul N., Feng, Shuo, Ferreira, Daniela M., Finn, Adam, Goodman, Anna L., Green, Catherine M., Green, Christopher A., Heath, Paul T., Hill, Catherine, Hill, Helen, Hirsch, Ian, Hodgson, Susanne H. C., Izu, Alane, Jackson, Susan, Jenkin, Daniel, Joe, Carina C. D., Kerridge, Simon, Koen, Anthonet, Kwatra, Gaurav, Lazarus, Rajeka, Lawrie, Alison M., Lelliott, Alice, Libri, Vincenzo, Lillie, Patrick J., Mallory, Raburn, Mendes, Ana V. A., Milan, Eveline P., Minassian, Angela M., McGregor, Alastair, Morrison, Hazel, Mujadidi, Yama F., Nana, Anusha, O'Reilly, Peter J., Padayachee, Sherman D., Pittella, Ana, Plested, Emma, Pollock, Katrina M., Ramasamy, Maheshi N., Rhead, Sarah, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V., Singh, Nisha, Smith, Andrew, Song, Rinn, Snape, Matthew D., Sprinz, Eduardo, Sutherland, Rebecca K., Tarrant, Richard, Thomson, Emma C., Török, Mark and Turner, Sorio, Guilherme L., Sorley, Kim, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., Souza, Bruno S.D.F., Souza, Alessandra R., Spencer, Alexandra J., Spina, Fernanda, Spoors, Louise, Stafford, Lizzie, Stamford, Imogen, Starinskij, Igor, Stein, Ricardo, Steven, Jill, Stockdale, Lisa, Stockwell, Lisa V., Strickland, Louise H., Stuart, Arabella C., Sturdy, Ann, Sutton, Natalina, Szigeti, Anna, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, Tanner, Rachel, Taoushanis, Carol, Tarr, Alexander W., Taylor, Keja, Taylor, Ursula, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, Taylor, Justin, te Water Naude, Rebecca, Themistocleous, Yrene, Themistocleous, Andreas, Thomas, Merin, Thomas, Kelly, Thomas, Tonia M., Thombrayil, Asha, Thompson, Fawziyah, Thompson, Amber, Thompson, Kevin, Thompson, Ameeka, Thomson, Julia, Thornton-Jones, Viv, Tighe, Patrick J., Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Tladinyane, Bonolo, Tomasicchio, Michele, Tomic, Adriana, Tonks, Susan, Tran, Nguyen, Tree, Julia, Trillana, Gerry, Trinham, Charlotte, Trivett, Rose, Truby, Adam, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, Turabi, Aadil, Turner, Richard, Turner, Cheryl, Ulaszewska, Marta, Underwood, Benjamin R., Varughese, Rachel, Verbart, Dennis, Verheul, Marije, Vichos, Iason, Vieira, Taiane, Waddington, Claire S., Walker, Laura, Wallis, Erica, Wand, Matthew, Warbick, Deborah, Wardell, Theresa, Warimwe, George, Warren, Sarah C., Watkins, Bridget, Watson, Ekaterina, Webb, Stewart, Webb-Bridges, Alice, Webster, Angela, Welch, Jessica, Wells, Jeanette, West, Alison, White, Caroline, White, Rachel, Williams, Paul, Williams, Rachel L., Winslow, Rebecca, Woodyer, Mark, Worth, Andrew T., Wright, Danny, Wroblewska, Marzena, Yao, Andy, Zimmer, Rafael, Zizi, Dalila, and Zuidewind, Peter

Abstract

Background: \ud A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials.\ud \ud Methods: \ud This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation.\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials.\ud \ud Funding: \ud UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D’Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca.

Published
2021

4. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Marshall, Richard P, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ritchie, Adam J, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James P., additional, Adewatan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Alvernaz, Felipe B., additional, Amorim, Fabio Santos, additional, Andrade, Claudia Sala, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Assad, Luiza, additional, Azi, Paula De Almeida, additional, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Barrett, Kelly, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bharaj, Inderjeet, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else Margreet, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Birch, Gurpreet, additional, Birchall, Kathryn, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardona, Rita, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais R.Y., additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chanice, Chanice, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Cheliotis, Katerina S., additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chiplin, Emily, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Colton, Hayley, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine A., additional, Costa, Fernanda Barroso, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina J., additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, da Costa, Daniel Marinho, additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davies, Sophie, additional, Davies, Judith, additional, Davis, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, John, additional, de Carvalho, José A.M., additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, additional, Dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, Edwards, Frances, additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Ellison-Handley, Branwen, additional, Elmore, Michael J., additional, English, Marcus Rex, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferguson, Susie, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furlan Filho, Renato, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodall, Jack, additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Goyanna, Alvaro, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Green, Justin, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Gunawardene, Anishka, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Harris-Wright, Tara A., additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hayano, Laís Y.M., additional, Head, Ian, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Henry, John Aaron, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Higa, Cristhiane, additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Hodgson, Susanne, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine F., additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Carina, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Kar, Arnab, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kay, Linda, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Khurana, Ankush, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Kluczna, Diana M., additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lages, Pedro M., additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lawrie, Alison M., additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, additional, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Manning, Nicola, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., additional, Miralhes, Patricia, additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan J., additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moyo, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Nikolaou, Elissavet, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena C., additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, additional, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, O'Reilly, Peter J., additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, additional, Perez, Ana Luiza, additional, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Plant, Sinéad, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo R., additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Leonardo, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richards, Alexander, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ryalls, Kim, additional, Sabine, Charlotte, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sale, Jessica C., additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla Dias, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah R., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Sheehan, Emma, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Lidiana B. 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Published
2021
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11. The integration profile of EIAV-based vectors

Author

Hacker, Caroline V., primary, Vink, Conrad A., additional, Wardell, Theresa W., additional, Lee, Sheena, additional, Treasure, Peter, additional, Kingsman, Susan M., additional, Mitrophanous, Kyriacos A., additional, and Miskin, James E., additional

Published
2006
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14. The Use of PNAs and Their Derivatives in Mitochondrial Gene Therapy.

Author

Janson, Christopher G., During, Matthew J., Smith, Paul M., Ross, Günther F., Wardell, Theresa M., Taylor, Robert W., Turnbull, Douglass M., and Lightowlers, Robert N.

Abstract

Human mitochondria contain their own genome, mtDNA. This small molecule encodes 24 RNA species and 13 polypeptides, which are essential components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitochondrial genome is present in hundreds or thousands of copies in each cell and is believed to turnover throughout the life of the cell. Defects of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) cause a variety of multisystemic disorders routinely affecting the muscle and nervous system. There is currently no effective treatment for patients with defects of the mitochondrial genome. In many patients, defective cells harbour two sub-populations of mtDNA (a situation termed heteroplasmy), one being normal, the other containing the pathogenic mutation. The mutated copy is often recessive, with biochemical and clinical defects only becoming apparent when the levels of mutated mtDNA outweigh the normal copies. It has therefore been postulated that by selectively preventing replication of the mutated mtDNA, the normal copy will propagate, restoring biochemical function. The search has therefore been on during recent years to identify an antigenomic molecule that will fulfil this criterion. Following evidence that peptide nucleic acids could selectively inhibit replication of templates carrying a known pathogenic mtDNA mutation in vitro, we report on the progress of this approach and the various modifications that are now being used to improve the efficacy of PNA-based antigenomic inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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15. Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations.

Author

Walker, John M., Barnett, Yvonne A., Barnett, Christopher R., Taylor, Robert W., Wardell, Theresa M., Blakely, Emma L., Borthwick, Gillian M., Brierley, Elizabeth J., and Turnbull, Douglass M.

Abstract

Although the precise mechanisms of the aging process remain poorly understood, a plausible theory for cellular dysfunction and deterioration during aging involves mitochondria (1, 2). The major function of mitochondria is to generate energy for cellular processes in the form of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), a small 16.5 kb circular molecule that encodes 13 essential polypeptides of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs required for intramitochondrial protein synthesis (3). The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a series of five, multisubunit protein complexes located within the inner mitochondrial membrane. The first four of these (complexes I-IV) reoxidize reduced cofactors (NADH and FADH2) generated by the oxidation of foodstuffs, thereby generating an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane which is harnessed by the fifth complex, the ATP synthetase, to drive the formation of ATP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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16. Mitochondrial Diabetes.

Author

Lynn, Stephen, Wardell, Theresa, Johnson, Margaret A., Chinnery, Patrick F., Daly, Mark E., Walker, Mark, and Turnbull, Douglass M.

Subjects
*GENETICS of diabetes, *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Abstract

Examines the genetic defects in mitochondrial diabetes. Structure of mitochondrial genome; Identification of mitochondrial DNA point mutations and rearrangements in families with diabetes; Major factor limiting the identification of the DNA defects in diabetes.

Published
1998

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