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Most scholarly attention within sport management leadership research has focused on four main leadership theories: authentic, servant, transactional, and transformational. While recent research included the social construction of leadership and a call to explore more follower-centric aspects of leadership, little empirical research has focused on how leaders develop, or more succinctly -- leader development. Much of the leader development literature to date has mainly focused on large interventions or outcomes, oftentimes overlooking day-to-day, micro-moments of leader development. In sport-related research there has been a paucity of research directly addressing development of women and girls as leaders. The purpose of the current study, therefore, was to determine how female intercollegiate student-athletes develop into leaders through micro-moments. This study employed a qualitative approach using interviews and observations. Participants included two National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III female teams. Three themes emerged from qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 30) and observations (12 hours total) identifying the micro-moments of development: empowerment, modeling leadership, and peer-to-peer leadership. Findings explain how these micro-moments aid in the leader development process. The study enhances a theoretical understanding of intercollegiate student-athlete leader development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New Rb-Sr phlogopite and U-Pb perovskite age determinations for 12 of 38 known ultramafic bodies in the Buffalo Head Hills area of north-central Alberta show that kimberlitic magmatism occurred [...]

Drug and alcohol treatment research, policy and practice are poorly linked in the drug and alcohol field, compared with other areas of health care. The reasons for this situation are explored from the perspective of treatment providers, researchers and policy makers. It is suggested that the improvement of research dissemination and uptake will rely upon more (and better) quality research studies, and upon the development of clearer methods of summarising and presenting findings to the target audience. Potential pitfalls in this process are briefly discussed, and details of two recently conducted Australian projects are provided as an example of how these difficulties are being dealt with in Australia.

The current discussions around algorithms, legal ethics, and expanding legal access through technological tools gravitate around two themes: (1) protection of the integrity of the legal profession and (2) a desire to ensure greater access to legal services. The hype cycle often pits the desire to protect the integrity of the legal profession against the ability to use algorithms to provide greater access to legal services, as though they are mutually exclusive. In reality, the arguments around protecting the profession from the threats posed by algorithms represent an over-fit in relation to what algorithms can actually achieve, while the visions of employing algorithms for access to justice initiatives represent an under-fit in relation to what algorithms could provide. A lack of precision about algorithms results in blunt protections of professional integrity leaving little room for the potential benefits of algorithmic tools. In other words, this incongruence persists because of imprecise understandings and unrealistic characterizations of the algorithmic technologies and how they fit within the broader technology of law itself. This Article provides an initial set of tools for empowering lawyers with a better understanding of, and critical engagement with, algorithms. With the goal of encouraging a more nuanced discussion around the ethical dimensions of using algorithms in legal technology--a discussion that better fits technological reality--the Article argues for lawyers and non-technologists to shift away from evaluating legal technology through a lens of mere algorithms--as though they can be evaluated outside of a specific context--to a focus on understanding algorithmic systems as technology created, manipulated, and used in a particular context. To make this argument, this Article first reviews the current use of algorithms in legal settings, both criminal and civil, reviewing the related literature and regulatory responses. This Article then uses the shortcomings of legal technology lamented by the current literature and the related regulatory responses to demonstrate the importance of shifting our collective paradigm from a consideration of law and algorithms to law and algorithmic systems. Finally, this Article offers a framework for use in assessing algorithmic systems and applies the framework to algorithmic systems employed in the legal context to demonstrate its usefulness in accurately separating true tensions from those that merely reverberate through the hype cycle. In using the framework to reveal areas at the intersection of law and algorithms truly most ripe for progress, this Article concludes with a call to action for more careful design of both legal systems and algorithmic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turner, Jerrold R., Eric D. Black, Jeff Ward, Chung-Ming Tse, Frederick A. Uchwat, Halima A. Alli, Mark Donowitz, James L. Madara, and Jason M. Angle. Transepithelial resistance can be regulated by the intestinal brush-border [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchanger NHE3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C1918-C1924, 2000.--Initiation of intestinal [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport results in transient cell swelling and sustained increases in tight junction permeability. Since [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange has been implicated in volume regulation after physiological cell swelling, we hypothesized that [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange might also be required for [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport-dependent tight junction regulation. In Caco-2 monolayers with active [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport, inhibition of [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange with 200 [micro]M 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride induced 36 [+ or -] 2% increases in transepithelial resistance (TER). Evaluation using multiple [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange inhibitors showed that inhibition of the [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchanger 3 (NHE3) isoform was most closely related to TER increases. TER increases due to NHE3 inhibition were related to cytoplasmic acidification because cytoplasmic alkalinization with 5 mM [NH.sub.4]Cl prevented both cytoplasmic acidification and TER increases. However, NHE3 inhibition did not affect TER when [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport was inhibited. Myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) phosphorylation decreased up to 43 [+ or -] 5% after inhibition of [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange, similar to previous studies that associate decreased MLC phosphorylation with increased TER after inhibition of [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport. However, NHE3 inhibitors did not diminish [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport. These data demonstrate that inhibition of NHE3 results in decreased MLC phosphorylation and increased TER and suggest that NHE3 may participate in the signaling pathway of [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport-dependent tight junction regulation. [Na.sup.+]/[H.sup.+] exchange; tight junction regulation; [Na.sup.+]-glucose cotransport