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This article examines the striking parallel between plans that were discussed in the CIA in 2017 to kidnap and possibly murder Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, who was living in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London and the abduction and murder eighty years earlier in Paris of the head of the White Russian army in exile by the NKVD. The latter, one of the most notorious episodes in the history of espionage and counterespionage in the French capital during the interwar years, was fictionalized by Éric Rohmer in his 2004 film Triple Agent. Fusing the actual events of those years—the Popular Front government in France, the Stalinist Terror in Russia, and the build-up to the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939—with a tragic personal story, Rohmer exposed the human dramas without which the rival intelligence services could not have been as effective as they were. The events of the 1930s are long past, and even the Cold War years of the 1960s and 1970s have receded into the distance. But as this article shows, and Éric Rohmer's film reminds us, the cloak- and-dagger game of spies and counterspies has not changed that much, the technologies of contemporary intelligence warfare notwithstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00747.x Byline: JAMES J. WARD (1) Author Affiliation: (1)Cedar Crest College

The article focuses on history of dramatic films on Nazi Germany which had established archetypes and mentions films "Europa" by Lars von Trier and "The Orge" by Volker Schlondroff. Topics discussed include films on Nazi obligating mention of subgenre called Naziploitation, emergence of Nazi on screen before ended Second World War, and novel "Hotel Berlin" by Vicki Baum.

[This soldier] desires to have his supper at your eating house, and as your house is a public one, it is expected at these headquarters that no distinction be made on account of color or race. If this soldier does not receive his meal, and is not treated in the same manner as any of your customers … your establishment will be closed … . Unoffending citizens, in the pursuit of their private business, are rudely interfered with, and their houses closed, because they did not choose to admit negroes to their table upon the same footing as white men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After several unsuccessful attempts to take power by force, the German Communist Party (KPD), from 1923 on, concentrated its efforts on electoral politics, trade union activity, and the struggle against Social Democratic reformism. However, the Communists had not relinquished their goal of a forcible seizure of power, as shown by the existence throughout the Weimar period of a secret Communist apparatus (Apparat) whose goals were to undermine the German armed services and police, train party cadres for insurrectionary combat, and carry out other subversive activities. Developed with Soviet assistance and headed by German Communists who had been trained in Russia, the Apparat controlled a network of spies, agents, and informers that penetrated German army and police units, government offices, and hostile political organizations. The Apparat also distributed illegal propaganda, furnished "military-political" training and literature to KPD members, performed espionage and counterespionage duties, and made preparations for the party's continued operation were Communist organizations to be outlawed. Occasional terrorist acts can be laid to the Apparat, which, although prosecuted vigorously by Weimar authorities, scarcely constituted a serious revolutionary threat. The most important function of the Apparat was to control the Communist rank and file itself through surveillance of party members, searches and interrogations, and denunciations and betrayals. Ironically, it was the very existence of the Apparat that provided the Nazis with further corroboration for their claims to have saved Germany from Bolshevism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses East German writers' contention that the German Communist Party (KPD) sought to devise the political tactics that would block a Nazi takeover in 1930 and 1931. Survey of East German scholarship on the Weimar and Nazi periods; Part played by the KPD in the demise of the Weimar Republic; Effects of repeated intrusions of Soviet control.

With its rakish looks, vibration-canceling "isolastic" engine-mounting system, and impressive competition record (funded by John Player Tobacco), the Commando can lay claim to the title of "the last great British twin."[23] Following the collapse of Norton-Villiers-Triumph in 1978, the Norton brand has been through so many acquisitions, exchanges, and reinventions so as to seem Byzantine even by the standards of the British motorcycle industry; the ownership history of Indian is easier to follow. In the meantime, Stuart Garner acquired the 25-acre Donington Hall Estate, including both a grand eighteenth-century manor house and a 45,000 square-foot office building previously used by one of Britain's airlines, the latter intended to accommodate Norton's design offices and production facilities.[27] The charismatic value of the Norton name, or - just as likely - Stuart Garner's skill as a salesman, was further revealed when it became known that the British government had invested almost £5 million (approximately $7.5 million) in the re-founded company. According to TVS executives, production of the Commando would be resumed in England, and further development of the 650cc Atlas twin, introduced in road and street-scrambler versions in 2019, would also continue.[32] The Indian company's intention, evidently, is to use Norton to compete with Royal Enfield, Triumph, and Harley-Davidson in its home market and on the global stage. Given the focus of this article, Stuart Garner's other involvements - setting an unofficial speed record with a rotary-engined Norton race bike at Bonneville in 2009, bringing a Norton team back to the TT races on the Isle of Man, building a handful of super-expensive 2000cc V-4 superbikes - are excluded here. [Extracted from the article]