Search

A potential field solution is widely used to extrapolate the coronal magnetic field above the Sun's surface to a certain height. This model applies the current-free approximation and assumes that the magnetic field is entirely radial beyond the source surface height, which is defined as the radial distance from the center of the Sun. Even though the source surface is commonly specified at 2.5 Rs (solar radii), previous studies have suggested that this value is not optimal in all cases. In this study, we propose a novel approach to specify the source surface height, by comparing the areas of the open magnetic field regions from the potential field solution with predictions made by a magnetohydrodynamics model, in our case the Alfven Wave Solar atmosphere Model. We find that the adjusted source surface height is significantly less than 2.5 Rs near solar minimum, and slightly larger than 2.5 Rs near solar maximum. We also report that the adjusted source surface height can provide a better open flux agreement with the observations near the solar minimum, while the comparison near the solar maximum is slightly worse., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, submitted ApjL

Variations in the dust emissivity index, $\beta$, within and between galaxies, are evidence that the chemistry and physics of dust must vary on large scales, although the nature of the physical and/or chemical variations is still unknown. In this paper we estimate values of $\beta$ and dust temperature for a sample of 109 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) over the range, $2 < z < 6$. We compare the results obtained with both an optically-thin model and a general opacity model, finding that our estimates of $\beta$ are similar between the models but our estimates of dust temperature are not. We find no evidence of a change in $\beta$ with redshift, with a median value of $\beta = 1.96$ for the optically-thin model with a confidence interval (16 - 84%) of 1.67 to 2.35 for the population. Using simulations, we estimate the measurement errors from our procedure and show that the variation of $\beta$ in the population results from intrinsic variations in the properties of the dust in DSFGs. At a fixed far-infrared luminosity, we find no evidence for a change in dust temperature, $T_\textrm{dust}$, with redshift. After allowing for the effects of correlated measurement errors, we find an inverse correlation between $\beta$ and $T_\textrm{dust}$ in DSFGs, for which there is also evidence in low-redshift galaxies., Comment: 16 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS

There is a continuing effort to support and prepare the precision physics programs for the present and planned future colliders such as HL-LHC, FCC, CLIC, CEPC, and CPPC. We discuss new results from IR-improved amplitude-based resummation in quantum field theory relevant to such support and preparation with some emphasis on the interplay between soft and collinear resummation algebras., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, presented by BFLW at RADCOR2023, Crieff, Scotland, UK

We extend the YFS IR resummation theory to include all of the attendant collinear contributions which exponentiate. This improves the original YFS formulation in which only a part of these contributions was exponentiated. We show that the new resummed contributions agree with known results from the collinear factorization approach and we argue that they improve the attendant precision tag for a given level of exactness in the respective YFS hard radiation residuals., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, improved text, references; typos corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.12557

We analyse the molecular and atomic emission lines of 71 bright Herschel-selected galaxies between redshifts 1.4 to 4.6 detected by the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array. These lines include a total of 156 CO, [C I], and H2O emission lines. For 46 galaxies, we detect two transitions of CO lines, and for these galaxies we find gas properties similar to those of other dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) samples. A comparison to photo-dissociation models suggests that most of Herschel-selected galaxies have similar interstellar medium conditions as local infrared-luminous galaxies and high-redshift DSFGs, although with denser gas and more intense far-ultraviolet radiation fields than normal star-forming galaxies. The line luminosities agree with the luminosity scaling relations across five orders of magnitude, although the star-formation and gas surface density distributions (i.e., Schmidt-Kennicutt relation) suggest a different star-formation phase in our galaxies (and other DSFGs) compared to local and low-redshift gas-rich, normal star-forming systems. The gas-to-dust ratios of these galaxies are similar to Milky Way values, with no apparent redshift evolution. Four of 46 sources appear to have CO line ratios in excess of the expected maximum (thermalized) profile, suggesting a rare phase in the evolution of DSFGs. Finally, we create a deep stacked spectrum over a wide rest-frame frequency (220-890 GHz) that reveals faint transitions from HCN and CH, in line with previous stacking experiments., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal. Comments are warmly welcomed

We explore model performance for the Alfven Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) with near-real-time (NRT) synoptic maps of the photospheric vector magnetic field. These maps, produced by assimilating data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), use a different method developed at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) to provide a near contemporaneous source of data to drive numerical models. Here, we apply these NSO-HMI-NRT maps to simulate three Carrington rotations (CRs): 2107-2108 (centered on 2011/03/07 20:12 CME event), 2123 (integer CR) and 2218--2219 (centered on 2019/07/2 solar eclipse), which together cover a wide range of activity level for solar cycle 24. We show simulation results, which reproduce both extreme ultraviolet emission (EUV) from the low corona while simultaneously matching in situ observations at 1 au as well as quantify the total unsigned open magnetic flux from these maps.

In this paper, we consider incorporating data associated with the sun's north and south polar field strengths to improve solar flare prediction performance using machine learning models. When used to supplement local data from active regions on the photospheric magnetic field of the sun, the polar field data provides global information to the predictor. While such global features have been previously proposed for predicting the next solar cycle's intensity, in this paper we propose using them to help classify individual solar flares. We conduct experiments using HMI data employing four different machine learning algorithms that can exploit polar field information. Additionally, we propose a novel probabilistic mixture of experts model that can simply and effectively incorporate polar field data and provide on-par prediction performance with state-of-the-art solar flare prediction algorithms such as the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Our experimental results indicate the usefulness of the polar field data for solar flare prediction, which can improve Heidke Skill Score (HSS2) by as much as 10.1%.

KKMChh adapts the CEEX (Coherent Exclusive Exponentiation) formalism of the Monte Carlo Program KKMC for Z boson production and decay to hadron scattering. Amplitude-level soft photon exponentiation of initial and final state radiation, together with initial-final interference, is matched to a perturbative calculation to second order next-to-leading logarithm, and electroweak corrections to the hard process are included via DIZET. The first release of KKMChh included complete initial state radiation calculated with current quark masses. This version assumes idealized pure-QCD PDFs with negligible QED contamination. Traditional PDFs neglect QED evolution but are not necessarily free of QED influence in the data. QED-corrected PDFs provide a firmer starting point for precision QED work. We describe a new procedure for matching KKMChh's initial state radiation to a QED-corrected PDF, and compare this to earlier approaches., Comment: Presented by S. Yost at ICHEP 2022, Bologna Italy, July 6 - 13, 2022; 6 pages with 3 figures. Update adds a hyperlink to one reference. Now matches the published proceedings version exactly

We present an overview of the use of IR-improvement of unintegrable singularities in the infrared regime via amplitude-based resummation in $\mathrm{QED} \times \mathrm{QCD}$ $\subset$ $\mathrm{SU}(2)_L \times \mathrm{U}_1 \times \mathrm{SU}(3)^c$. We work in the context of precision LHC/FCC physics. While illustrating such IR-improvement in specific examples, we discuss new results and new issues., Comment: Poster presentation at ICHEP2022, Bologna, Italy, July 6 - 13, 2022; 4 pages, 2 figures

For both the FCC-ee and the ILC, to exploit properly the respective precision physics program, the theoretical precision tag on the respective luminosity will need to be improved from the analogs of the $ 0.054 \% (0.061\%)$ results at LEP at $M_Z$, where the former (latter) LEP result has (does not have) the pairs correction. At the FCC-ee at $M_Z$ one needs improvement to $0.01\%$, for example. We present an overview of the roads one may take to reach the required $0.01\%$ precision tag at the FCC-ee and of what the corresponding precision expectations would be for the FCC-ee$_{350}$, ILC$_{500}$, ILC$_{1000}$, and CLIC$_{3000}$ setups., Comment: 6 pages, 5 tables, talk presented by BFLW at ICHEP2022, Bologna, Italy, 7/7/2022

This paper evaluates the quality of CME analysis that has been undertaken with the rare Faraday rotation observation of an eruption. Exploring the capability of the FETCH instrument hosted on the MOST mission, a four-satellite Faraday rotation radio sounding instrument deployed between the Earth and the Sun, we discuss the opportunities and challenges to improving the current analysis approaches., Comment: 33 pages, 24 figures

We present the {\tt KKMCee 5.00.2} Monte Carlo event generator for lepton and quark pair production for the high energy electron-positron annihilation process. It is still the most sophisticated event generator for such processes. Its entire source code is re-written in the modern C++ language. It reproduces all features of the older \kkmc\ code in Fortran 77. However, a number of improvements in the Monte Carlo algorithm are also implemented. Most importantly, it is intended to be a starting point for the future improvements, which will be mandatory for the future high precision lepton collider projects. As in the older version, in addition to higher order QED corrections, it includes so-called \order{\alpha^{1.5}} genuine weak corrections using a version of the classic {\tt DIZET} library and polarized $\tau$ decays using {\tt TAUOLA} program. Both {\tt DIZET} and {\tt TAUOLA} external libraries are still in Fortran 77. In addition, a {\tt HEPMC3} interface to other MC programs, like parton showers and detector simulation, replaces the older {\tt HepEvt} interface. The {\tt HEPMC3} interface is also exploited in the implementation of the additional photon final state emissions in $\tau$ decays using an external {\tt PHOTOS} library rewritten in C., Comment: To be submitted to Computer Physics Communications

This white paper concerns theoretical and phenomenological aspects relevant to the physics of future $e^+e^-$ colliders, in particular regarding initial-state QED radiation. The contributions each contain key technical aspects, and are formulated in a pedagogical manner so as to render them accessible also to those who are not directly working on these and immediately-related topics. This should help both experts and non-experts understand the theoretical challenges that we shall face at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. Specifically, this paper contains descriptions of the treatment of initial state radiation from several Monte Carlo collaborations, as well as contributions that explain a number of more theoretical developments with promise of future phenomenological impact., Comment: Contribution to: 2022 Snowmass Summer Study

In this paper we present the third data release (DR3) of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS). We identify likely near-infrared counterparts to submillimetre sources in the South Galactic Pole (SGP) field using the VISTA VIKING survey. We search for the most probable counterparts within 15 arcsec of each Herschel source using a probability measure based on the ratio between the likelihood the true counterpart is found close to the submillimetre source and the likelihood that an unrelated object is found in the same location. For 110 374 (57.0$\%$) sources we find galaxies on the near-infrared images where the probability that the galaxy is associated to the source is greater than 0.8. We estimate the false identification rate to be 4.8$\%$, with a probability that the source has an associated counterpart on the VIKING images of 0.835$\pm$0.009. We investigate the effects of gravitational lensing and present 41 (0.14 deg$^{-2}$) candidate lensed systems with observed flux densities > 100 mJy at 500 $\mu$m. We include in the data release a probability that each source is gravitationally lensed and discover an additional 5 923 sources below 100 mJy that have a probability greater than 0.94 of being gravitationally lensed. We estimate that $\sim$ 400 - 1 000 sources have multiple true identifications in VIKING based on the similarity of redshift estimates for multiple counterparts close to a Herschel source. The data described in this paper can be found at the H-ATLAS website., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

We describe a new semi-analytical program, KKhhFoam, which provides a simplified framework for testing the amplitude-level exponentiation scheme (CEEX) of the full KKMChh program in the semi-soft limit. The structure of the KKhhFoam integrand is also helpful for elucidating the structure of CEEX. We also discuss the representation of ISR in KKMChh and compare the ISR added by KKMChh to the effect of switching to a QED-corrected PDF, at the individual quark level, and suggest a new approach to running KKMChh with QED-corrected PDFs., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, presented at RADCOR/Loopfest 2021, 15th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections: Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology, FSU, Tallahassee, FL, USA, 17-21 May 2021

With the advancement of strategies for the precision physics programs for the HL-LHC, FCC-ee, FCC-hh, ILC, CLIC, CEPC, and CPPC, the need for proper control of the attendant theoretical precision tags is manifest. We discuss the role that amplitude-based resummation may play in this regard with examples from the LHC, the proposed new colliders and quantum gravity., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, presented by B.F.L. Ward at Radcor-LoopFest2021, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA, May 2021; improved references; misprints corrected

MHD-based global space weather models have mostly been developed and maintained at academic institutions. While the "free spirit" approach of academia enables the rapid emergence and testing of new ideas and methods, the lack of long-term stability and support makes this arrangement very challenging. This paper describes a successful example of a university-based group, the Center of Space Environment Modeling (CSEM) at the University of Michigan, that developed and maintained the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) and its core element, the BATS-R-US extended MHD code. It took a quarter of a century to develop this capability and reach its present level of maturity that makes it suitable for research use by the space physics community through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) as well as operational use by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC)., Comment: 105 pages, 36 figures, in press

The most intense solar energetic particle events are produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accompanied by intense type II radio bursts below 15 MHz. Understanding where these type II bursts are generated relative to an erupting CME would reveal important details of particle acceleration near the Sun, but the emission cannot be imaged on Earth due to distortion from its ionosphere. Here, a technique is introduced to identify the likely source location of the emission by comparing the observed dynamic spectrum observed from a single spacecraft against synthetic spectra made from hypothesized emitting regions within a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulation of the recreated CME. The radio-loud 2005 May 13 CME was chosen as a test case, with Wind/WAVES radio data used to frame the inverse problem of finding the most likely progression of burst locations. An MHD recreation is used to create synthetic spectra for various hypothesized burst locations. A framework is developed to score these synthetic spectra by their similarity to the type II frequency profile derived from Wind/WAVES data. Simulated areas with 4x enhanced entropy and elevated de Hoffmann Teller velocities are found to produce synthetic spectra similar to spacecraft observations. A geometrical analysis suggests that the eastern edge of the entropy derived shock around (-30, 0) degrees in heliocentric coordinates was emitting in the first hour of the event before ceasing emission, and that the western/southwestern edge of the shock centered around (6, -12) degrees was a dominant area of radio emission for the 2 hours of simulation data out to 20 solar radii., Comment: 29 pages, 17 figures, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal

We present an overview of the phenomenological implications of the theory of resummed quantum gravity. We discuss its prediction for the cosmological constant in the context of the Planck scale cosmology of Bonanno and Reuter, its relationship to Weinberg's asymptotic safety idea, and its relationship to Weinberg's soft graviton resummation theorem. We also discuss constraints and consistency checks of the theory., Comment: 6 pages, presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP2020, Prague, CZ, July 29, 2020. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1811.09261

To exploit properly the precision physics program at the FCC-ee, the theoretical precision tag on the respective luminosity will need to be improved from the 0.054$\%$ (0.061$\%$) results at LEP to 0.01$\%$, where the former (latter) LEP result has (does not have) the pairs correction. We present an overview of the roads one may take to reach the required 0.01$\%$ precision tag at the FCC-ee and we discuss possible synergistic effects of the walk along these roads for other FCC precision theory requirements., Comment: 6 pages, 3 tables, presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP2020, Prague, CZ, July 29, 2020. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1902.05912

One may use amplitude-based resummation in QED $\otimes$ QCD to achieve IR-improvement of unintegrable singularities in the infrared regime to arbitrary precision in principle. We illustrate such improvement in specific examples in precision LHC/FCC physics., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP2020, Prague, CZ, July, 28, 2020

We describe the program KKMC-hh, which calculates Z boson processes in hadronic collisions using coherent exclusive exponentiation (CEEX) with exact second-order photonic corrections at next-to-leading log and first-order weak vertex corrections, including initial and final state photonic radiation and initial-final interference. We describe current applications to precision forward-backward asymmetry calculations for the measurement of the electroweak mixing angle at the LHC., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures. Presented by S.A. Yost at ICHEP2020, Prague (virtual conference). Version 2 has minor wording changes

In a previous paper, hereafter referred to as I, we have analyzed the 7 TeV LHC data on W + jets events from the standpoint of IR-improved DGLAP parton shower effects, using the IR-improved Herwiri1.031 parton shower MC in comparison with the Herwig6.5 parton shower MC in the context of the exact $O(\alpha_s)$ matrix element matched parton shower framework provided by MG5\_aMC@NLO. In the current paper, we extend this analysis to the LHC 8 and 13 TeV data to investigate the energy dependence of the results obtained in I. Specifically, W~+ jet events are generated in the MADGRAPH5\_aMC@NLO framework and showered by HERWIG6.521 and HERWIRI1.031 with $\mathtt{PTRMS}=2.2$ and 0 GeV, respectively. The differential cross sections are reported as functions of jet multiplicity, transverse linear momenta ($P_{T}$), the jet pesudo-rapidity ($\eta$) and the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta ($H_{T}$) for different jet multiplicities 1--3. The dijet cross sections as functions of transverse linear momenta, invariant mass of the dijet and the jet separation are shown as well. Distributions of angular correlations between the jets and the muon are examined as well and the corresponding cross sections are presented. The respective measured cross sections are compared with the exact next-to-leading-order (NLO) matrix element matched parton shower theoretical predictions provided by MADGRAPH5\_aMC@NLO/HERWIRI1.031~($\mathtt{PTRMS}=0)$ and MADGRAPH5\_aMC@NLO/HERWIG6.521~($\mathtt{PTRMS}=2.2~\mathrm{GeV})$ and the phenomenological consequences are discussed with an eye toward their energy dependence., Comment: 42 pages, 38 figures. To appear in IJMPA

Since the {\tt KKMC} program was published for the first time over 20 years ago, it has gained popularity and was exploited in a broad spectrum of applications. The core part of the program itself did not change much. In contrast, some of the libraries have evolved substantially. The aim of this publication is to archive four versions, alternative to the one published 20 years ago versions of the electroweak libraries (or just parameter initialization versions), which were instrumental for the precision Standard Model calculation from the end of LEP era till now and for the sake of the future applications/comparisons for the future electron-positron colliders, in particular for the FCC-ee related studies. These electroweak libraries are useful for the hadron collider applications as well, for instance for {\tt KKMC-hh} or {\tt TauSpinner} projects.

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on stars other than the Sun have proven very difficult to detect. One promising pathway lies in the detection of type II radio bursts. Their appearance and distinctive properties are associated with the development of an outward propagating CME-driven shock. However, dedicated radio searches have not been able to identify these transient features in other stars. Large Alfv\'en speeds and the magnetic suppression of CMEs in active stars have been proposed to render stellar eruptions "radio-quiet". Employing 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we study here the distribution of the coronal Alfv\'en speed, focusing on two cases representative of a young Sun-like star and a mid-activity M-dwarf (Proxima Centauri). These results are compared with a standard solar simulation and used to characterize the shock-prone regions in the stellar corona and wind. Furthermore, using a flux-rope eruption model, we drive realistic CME events within our M-dwarf simulation. We consider eruptions with different energies to probe the regimes of weak and partial CME magnetic confinement. While these CMEs are able to generate shocks in the corona, those are pushed much farther out compared to their solar counterparts. This drastically reduces the resulting type II radio burst frequencies down to the ionospheric cutoff, which impedes their detection with ground-based instrumentation., Comment: 13 Pages, 6 Figures, 2 Tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

KKMC-hh is a hadronic event generator for Z boson production and decays, which includes exponentiated multi-photon radiation and first-order electroweak corrections. We have used KKMC-hh to investigate the role of initial sate radiation (ISR) and initial-final interference (IFI) in precision electroweak analyses at the LHC. We compare the effect of this radiation on angular distributions and forward-backward asymmetry, which are particularly important for the measurement of the weak mixing angle. We discuss the relation of the ISR implementation in KKMC-hh to ISR from parton distribution functions with QED corrections., Comment: Presented at 14th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR2019), 9-13 September 2019, Palais des Papes, Avignon, France. 10 pages, 18 figures. Slightly extended relative to published version

Continuing with our investigations of the expected sizes of multiple photon radiative effects in heavy gauge boson production with decay to charged lepton pairs in the context of the precision physics of the LHC, using \KK{MC}-hh 4.22 we consider IFI and ISR effects for specific Z/$\gamma^*$ Drell-Yan observables measured by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. With this version of \KK{MC}-hh, we have coherent exclusive exponentiation (CEEX) electroweak (EW) exact ${\cal O}(\alpha^2 L)$ corrections in a hadronic MC and control over the corresponding EW initial-final interference (IFI) effects as well. Specifically, we illustrate the interplay between cuts of the type used in the measurement of $A_{FB}$ and $A_4$ at the LHC and the sizes of the expected responses of the attendant higher order corrections. We find that there are per cent to per mille level effects in the initial-state radiation, fractional per mille level effects in the IFI and per mille level effects in the over-all ${\cal O}(\alpha^2 L)$ corrections that any treatment of EW corrections at the per mille level should consider. Our results are applicable to current LHC experimental data analyses., Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; updated figures, more discussion, improved references, typos corrected

IR-improvement based on amplitude-level resummation allows one to control unintegrable results in quantum field theory with arbitrary precision in principle. We illustrate such resummation in specific examples in precision LHC and FCC physics and in quantum gravity., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, presented by B.F.L. Ward at RADCOR2019, Avignon, FR, 9/12/2019. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1811.09509

A deep learning network, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network, is used in this work to predict whether the maximum flare class an active region (AR) will produce in the next 24 hours is class $\Gamma$. We considered $\Gamma$ are $\ge M$, $\ge C$ and any flare class. The essence of using LSTM, which is a recurrent neural network, is its capability to capture temporal information of the data samples. The input features are time sequences of 20 magnetic parameters from SHARPs - Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches. We analyzed active regions from June 2010 to Dec 2018, using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) X-ray flare catalogs and label the data samples with identified ARs in the GOES X-ray flare catalogs. Our results (i) shows consistent skill scores with recently published results using LSTMs and better than the previous work using single time input (eg. DeFN) (ii) The skill scores from the model show essential differences when different years of data was chosen for training and testing.

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN, a proposed 100-km circular facility with several colliders in succession, culminates with a 100 TeV proton-proton collider. It offers a vast new domain of exploration in particle physics, with orders of magnitude advances in terms of Precision, Sensitivity and Energy. The implementation plan foresees, as a first step, an Electroweak Factory electron-positron collider. This high luminosity facility, operating between 90 and 365 GeV centre-of-mass energy, will study the heavy particles of the Standard Model, Z, W, Higgs, and top with unprecedented accuracy. The Electroweak Factory $e^+e^-$ collider constitutes a real challenge to the theory and to precision calculations, triggering the need for the development of new mathematical methods and software tools. A first workshop in 2018 had focused on the first FCC-ee stage, the Tera-Z, and confronted the theoretical status of precision Standard Model calculations on the Z-boson resonance to the experimental demands. The second workshop in January 2019, which is reported here, extended the scope to the next stages, with the production of W-bosons (FCC-ee-W), the Higgs boson (FCC-ee-H) and top quarks (FCC-ee-tt). In particular, the theoretical precision in the determination of the crucial input parameters, alpha_QED, alpha_QCD, M_W, m_t at the level of FCC-ee requirements is thoroughly discussed. The requirements on Standard Model theory calculations were spelled out, so as to meet the demanding accuracy of the FCC-ee experimental potential. The discussion of innovative methods and tools for multi-loop calculations was deepened. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses beyond the Standard Model were discussed, in particular the effective theory approaches. The reports of 2018 and 2019 serve as white papers of the workshop results and subsequent developments., Comment: Published version

We present several methods towards construction of precursors, which show great promise towards early predictions, of solar flare events in this paper. A data pre-processing pipeline is built to extract useful data from multiple sources, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), to prepare inputs for machine learning algorithms. Two classification models are presented: classification of flares from quiet times for active regions and classification of strong versus weak flare events. We adopt deep learning algorithms to capture both the spatial and temporal information from HMI magnetogram data. Effective feature extraction and feature selection with raw magnetogram data using deep learning and statistical algorithms enable us to train classification models to achieve almost as good performance as using active region parameters provided in HMI/Space-Weather HMI-Active Region Patch (SHARP) data files. Case studies show a significant increase in the prediction score around 20 hours before strong solar flare events.

Ground-based solar observations provide key contextual data (i.e., the 'big picture') to produce a complete description of the only astrosphere we can study in situ: our Sun's heliosphere. The next decade will see the beginning of operations of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST). DKIST will join NASA's Parker Solar Probe and the NASA/ESA Solar Orbital mission, which together will study our Sun's atmosphere with unprecedented detail. This white paper outlines the current paradigm for ground-based solar synoptic observations, and indicates those areas that will benefit from focused attention.

We present pathways to the required theoretical precision for the luminosity targeted by the FCC-ee precision studies. We put the discussion in context by reviewing briefly the situation at the time of LEP. We then present the current status and routes to the desired 0.01\% targeted by the FCC-ee (as well as by the ILC)., Comment: 6 pages, 2 tables; talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS2018), Arlington, Texas, 22-26 October 2018. C18-10-22; typos corrected; misprint corrected

The current status of the theoretical precision for the Bhabha luminometry is critically reviewed and pathways are outlined to the requirement targeted by the FCC-ee precision studies. Various components of the pertinent error budget are discussed in detail -- starting from the context of the LEP experiments, through their current updates, up to prospects of their improvements for the sake of the FCC-ee. It is argued that with an appropriate upgrade of the Monte Carlo event generator BHLUMI and/or other similar MC programs calculating QED effects in the low angle Bhabha process, the total theoretical error of $0.01\%$ for the FCC-ee luminometry can be reached. A new study of the $Z$ and $s$-channel $\gamma$ exchanges within the angular range of the FCC-ee luminometer using the BHWIDE Monte Carlo was instrumental in obtaining the above result. Possible ways of BHLUMI upgrade are also discussed., Comment: This work is based on the material presented at the FCC-ee-Z Theory Miniworkshop at CERN, January 2018", see Section C6 in arxiv:1809.018

${\cal KK}$MC-hh is a precision event-generator for Z production and decay in hadronic collisions, which applies amplitude-level resummation to both initial and final state photon radiation, including perturbative residuals exact through ${\cal O}(\alpha^2L)$, together with exact ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ EW matrix element corrections. We present some comparisons to other programs and results showing the effect of multi-photon radiation for cuts motivated by a recent ATLAS W mass analysis. We also show preliminary untuned comparisons of the electroweak corrections of ${\cal KK}$MC-hh to those of HORACE, which includes exact ${\cal O}(\alpha)$ corrections with resummed final-state photon radiation., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP2018, Seoul, S. Korea, 7/5/2018

We give a status report on the theory of resummed quantum gravity. We recapitulate the use of our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein's general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as $\rho_\Lambda=(0.0024{\mathrm{eV}})^4$. The estimate is made in the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter. We discuss the constraints on susy GUT models that follow from the closeness of the estimate to experiment. Various consistency checks on the calculation are addressed and we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part of the remaining uncertainty in our estimate of $\rho_\Lambda$., Comment: 6 pages, no figures, presented by B.F.L. Ward at ICHEP2018, Seoul, S. Korea, 7/7/2018

Working in the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter, we use our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein's general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as $\rho_\Lambda =(0.0024 eV)^4$. We show that susy GUT models are constrained by the closeness of this estimate to experiment. We also address various consistency checks on the calculation. In particular, we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part of the remaining uncertainty in our estimate of $\rho_\Lambda$, Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.1557, arXiv:1412.7417, arXiv:1008.1046, arXiv:1302.0783, arXiv:1412.7246

The future 100-km circular collider FCC at CERN is planned to operate in one of its modes as an electron-positron FCC-ee machine. We give an overview comparing the theoretical status to the experimental demands of one of four foreseen FCC-ee operating stages, Z-boson resonance energy physics, called the FCC-ee Tera-Z stage for short. The FCC-ee Tera-Z will deliver the highest integrated luminosities as well as very small systematic errors for a study of the Standard Model (SM) with unprecedented precision. In fact, the FCC-ee Tera-Z will allow the study of at least one more perturbative order in quantum field theory compared to the LEP/SLC precision. The real problem is that the present precision of theoretical calculations of the various SM observables does not match that of the anticipated experimental measurements. The bottle-necks to overcoming this situation are identified. In particular, the issues of precise QED unfolding and the correct calculation of SM pseudo-observables are critically reviewed. In an Executive Summary, we specify which basic theoretical calculations are needed to meet the strong experimental expectations at the FCC-ee Tera-Z. Several methods, techniques and tools needed for higher-order multi-loop calculations are presented. By inspection of the Z-boson partial and total decay width analyses, it is argued that at the beginning of operation of the FCC-ee Tera-Z, the theory predictions may be tuned to be precise enough not to limit the physics interpretation of the measurements. This statement is based on anticipated progress in analytical and numerical calculations of multi-loop and multi-scale Feynman integrals and on the completion of two-loop electroweak radiative corrections to the SM pseudo-observables this year. However, the above statement is conditional as the theoretical issues demand a very dedicated and focused investment by the community., Comment: Published version

We use HERWIRI1.031, a new Monte Carlo event generator for hadron-hadron scattering at high energies, to study the phenomenological effects of our approach of exact amplitude-based resummation in precision QCD calculations. W + jet(s) events with exact NLO QCD corrections are generated in the MG5_aMC@NLO framework and showered by both HERWIRI1.031 and HERWIG6.5 with PTRMS = 0 and PTRMS = 2.2 GeV/c, respectively. Here, PTRMS is the rms value of the intrinsic Gaussian transverse momentum distribution for the partons inside the proton. The differential cross sections for many observables are presented such as the jet rapidities and the jet transverse momenta as well as other event observables such as the scalar sums of transverse momenta of the jets, the missing transverse energy of the jets and the dijets' observables. Finally, we compare our results with the ATLAS and CMS measurements of the W production cross sections in association with jets., Comment: 50 pages, 52 figures

The history and present state of large-scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling of the solar corona and the solar wind with steady or quasi-steady coronal physics is reviewed. We put the evolution of ideas leading to the recognition of the existence of an expanding solar atmosphere into historical context. The development and main features of the first generation of global corona and solar wind models are described in detail. This historical perspective is also applied to the present suite of global corona and solar wind models. We discuss the evolution of new ideas and their implementation into numerical simulation codes. We point out the scientific and computational challenges facing these models and discuss the ways various groups tried to overcome these challenges. Next, we discuss the latest, state-of-the art models and point to the expected next steps in modeling the corona and the interplanetary medium., Comment: Accepted for publication, Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 2018

KKMC-hh is a precision event-generator for Z production and decay in hadronic collisions, which applies amplitude-level exponentiation to both initial and final state photon radiation, including perturbative residuals through order $\alpha^2 L$, together with electroweak matrix element corrections. We present results showing the effect of multi-photon radiation for cuts motivated by a recent ATLAS W-mass analysis. We also show preliminary untuned comparisons of the electroweak corrections of KKMC-hh to those of HORACE, which includes order $\alpha$ corrections with exponentiated final-state photon radiation., Comment: 10 pages, 18 figures. Presented by S.A. Yost at RADCOR 2017, the 13th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections, 24-29 September, 2017 in St. Gilgen, Austria

We present recent developments in the theory and application of IR-improved QED$\otimes$QCD resummation methods, realized by MC event generator methods, for LHC and FCC physics scenarios., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures; presented by BFLW at RADCOR 2017, St. Gilgen, Austria; corrected typos;corrected typos