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Citizenship is usually seen as a product of modern nation-states, or of other political entities which possess institutional infrastructures and political systems capable of producing a coherent framework that defines the relationship between that system and its members. In this paper, we show that an early system of modern citizenship was created in the absence of a formal state, notably by the cultural elite of a stateless nation. The Polish case illustrates that an elite may become a dominant class in the given society only later, and institutionalize that early citizenship system within the framework of a newly founded state. As a result of the legacy of the emergence of citizenship predating the restoration of statehood, the contemporary Polish citizenship model is influenced by a strong and largely overlooked cultural component that emerged at the turn of the 19th century. This model uses the figure of the intelligentsia member as its ideal citizen. Despite the dramatic political and economic changes in the decades which have passed since its emergence, this cultural frame, which was institutionalized during the interwar period, still defines the key features of the Polish citizenship model. Consequently, we argue that the culturalization of citizenship is hardly a new phenomenon. It can be seen as a primary mechanism in the formation of civic polities within the imperial context. Moreover, it shows that such processes can have many ambiguous aspects as far as their Orientalizing forces of exclusion are concerned.

The book addresses issues related to labor market policy, shows the relevant mechanisms of its research, programming and implementation, and its subject is, in particular, the analysis of the situation of employees of employment offices and the unemployed themselves. The book is multidimensional. For me, the first part, in which the author presents his view on trends in the policy of the labor market that are decreasing in the environment of our science, presents to me a special focus. Recognizes the disproportionate emphasis on the analysis of legal acts, on "official documents, on target-set objectives, often unrealistic." He points to the dean of the research perspective in which the official who is the "face of the state" is present, which determines the quality of public service , de "perspectives of the final recipient", i.e. a citizen (quality of services for a citizen).

The article is an attempt at a fairly detailed analysis of TV series "A Forty-Year-Old " in its first edition from the 1970s. The text proposes an interpretation of the film from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's theory, and in particular reconstructs the social space of the film's protagonists, which consists of, in particular, the intelligentsia elite, the nomenklatura, lower intelligentsia and medium technical personnel. In the picture outlined by the authors of the film, the role of the intelligentsia, in particular its multi-generation, old elite, is dominant. This vision does not fully agree with the real place of the intelligentsia in Poland of the Gierek era. For this reason the film is interpreted by the authors of the article as a voice of the scriptwriters in favor of the appreciation of the intelligentsia, both in respect of the lower technical staff and the part of the nomenclature less rich in cultural capital. The interpretative framework proposed in the text seems useful for the analysis of other works of art in relation to the reconstruction of social relations of the times when they were created.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the process of the legitimization of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. In contrast to the dominant legal perspective, we consider the Tribunal relationally, as a kind of social space, located at the intersection of several social worlds that influence it (law, science, politics, and administration). The study concerns the biographies of all the judges elected from 1985 to 2018. Judges are treated as holders of various types of resources-capital (academic title, legal profession, government function, parliamentary mandate, etc.). The study, conducted by means of multiple correspondence analysis, allowed us to reconstruct the Constitutional Tribunal’s space. As a consequence, we have revealed not only the complexity and multidimensionality of the legitimacy of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, but also captured its dynamic., Celem artykułu jest ukazanie procesu legitymizacji Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Perspektywa relacyjna, którą proponujemy, jest odmienna od prawniczej, dominującej w rozważaniach na ten temat. Traktujemy Trybunał jako rodzaj przestrzeni, usytuowany na przecięciu kilku światów społecznych (prawo, nauka, polityka, administracja), które na niego oddziałują. Badanie przeprowadziliśmy, analizując biografie wszystkich sędziów wybranych w latach 1985–2018. Sędziowie zostali potraktowani jako posiadacze znaczących społecznie zasobów – kapitałów (tytuł naukowy, zawód prawniczy, funkcja w administracji rządowej, mandat poselski itp.). Wykorzystując wieloraką analizę korespondencji, odtworzyliśmy przestrzeń Trybunału. Tym samym uchwyciliśmy nie tylko złożoność i wielowymiarowość legitymizacji polskiego sądu konstytucyjnego, lecz także zmiany tego procesu w czasie.

This article is one of the voices in the discussion on the semi-peripheral nature of knowledge production systems, inspired by the publication of Gra peryferyjna by Tomasz Warczok and Tomasz Zarycki. The authors answer two polemical voices in the discussion by focusing on the dangers of the materialistic correction of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory and the hegemonic position of the intelligentsia as a factor shaping the Polish field of social sciences., Niniejszy artykuł stanowi jeden z głosów w dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów produkcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autorzy odpowiadają w nim na dwa głosy polemiczne w dyskusji, skupiając się na zagrożeniach materialistycznej korekty teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu i hegemonicznej pozycji inteligencji jako czynnika kształtującego polskie pole nauk społecznych.

This article is an introduction to the discussion on the semi-peripheral nature of knowledge production systems, inspired by the publication of Gra Peryferyjna by Tomasz Warczok and Tomasz Zarycki. At the same time, the authors summarize the most important issues raised in the book, that is the relational approach to the study of knowledge and science inspired by Pierre Bourdieu and Immanuel Wallerstein, as well as the dual nature of Polish political science., Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do dyskusji nad półperyferyjnym charakterem systemów produkcji naukowej, dla której pretekstem była publikacja książki Gra peryferyjna Tomasza Warczoka i Tomasza Zaryckiego. Autorzy streszczają w nim jednocześnie najważniejsze kwestie poruszane w książce: relacyjne podejście do badań nauki inspirowane pracami Pierra Bourdieu i Immanuela Wallersteina, jak również dualny charakter polskich nauk politycznych.