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Background: The first dorsal compartment of the wrist includes tendons of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). However, many studies have showed multiple anatomical variations including anomalies in the number of both APL and EPB tendons and presence of intercompartmental fibro-osseous septum. Unfortunately, studies describing those variations are not consistent, hence, the aim of this study was to provide most accurate data about these anatomical variations in the population, using systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and methods: For this purpose, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and a number of minor online libraries were searched. Articles which included exact data about the number of APL or EPB tendons or a presence of intercompartmental septum were qualified for a more precise evaluation. Therefore, out of 1629 studies initially evaluated, 68 were finally included in this meta-analysis. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 5229 studied wrists have been included in this study. Double APL and single EPB are the most common variations of tendons in the first dorsal compartment, both in cadavers and patients with de Quervain’s disease, with no statistically significant differences between those two groups. Presence of intercompartmental fibro-osseus septum is much more common in patients with de Quervain’s disease than in cadavers. Conclusions: Our results should improve the awareness of anatomical variations in the first dorsal compartment, which in turn should have impact on treatment of de Quervain’s disease in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Modern technologies are increasingly used in the development of cognitive interventions for older adults. Research into possible applications of virtual reality in such interventions has begun only recently. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of 8 sessions of VR-based cognitive training using the GRADYS game in healthy older adults (n = 72; aged 60-88) and older adults living with mild dementia (n = 27; aged 60-89)., Results: Older adults with mild dementia demonstrated worse baseline cognitive performance than participants without dementia. Both groups showed progress in training, which was greater in healthy older adults. There were also significant differences in cognitive functioning before and after the training. However, positive changes were revealed almost exclusively in the group of older adults without dementia. Based on the findings, we can recommend the GRADYS game for cognitive enhancement and as a possible counter-measure for cognitive decline experienced in normal cognitive ageing. Our results provide also support for the usefulness of VR technology in cognitive interventions in older adults. The use of the GRADYS game in persons living with dementia, however, would require several of the hardware and software modifications. Trial registration ISRCTN17613444, date of registration: 10.09.2019. Retrospectively registered.

Degloving injury poses a severe therapeutic challenge concerning both trauma and plastic surgery. The injury involves separation of skin and subcutaneous tissue from fascia and muscles. Treatment is often long-lasting and brings unsatisfying results due to the extent of damage, risk of infection and massive blood loss. In this article, we present the management and therapeutic outcomes of a patient admitted due to the degloving injury of the lower extremity caused by workplace accident. We described the complexity of treatment including surgical intervention as well as additional treatment, which combined brought good esthetic outcome.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies (KBET: 122.6120.315.2016). The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint blood supply considering the important clinically aspect - vascular density. Authors of this paper postulate relatively low vascular density of the region described and potential worse condition for healing in case of injury or after surgical procedures performed. We also postulate that ligament screws should be positioned with special respect to time limit which enables proper healing of the syndesmosis.

Uterine leiomyomata present major problem for females. Although they are benign tumors their frequency is associated with many symptoms like infertility, abdominal pain, menorrhagia. Authors based on their own morphological studies and review of the literature try to indicate main factors causing angiogenesis within leiomyomata and its influence on tumor growth. The strongest proangiogenic factor seems to be hypoxia, which stimulates up- and down-regulation of numerous genetically determined substances. Also mechanical pressure acting upon newly growing vessels is one of the factors which may determine formation of so called "vascular pseudocapsule" around the lesion.

Injuries of the lower leg are rather frequent in every day orthopedic routine. Process of healing takes quite a long time and is commonly dependent on the proper vasculature. e study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background.

Anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background with special respect toward the posterior tibial artery and its branches.

Angiogenesis is a process of development of new vessels from the preexisting vascular network of a host. This is process which is seen in many physiological situations but it accompanies also a development of different lesions, i.e. neoplasms. Uterine fibroids are one of the most frequent lesions which affect human internal female genital tracts. Authors briefly review most important pro-angiogenic factors, based on their own observation as well as reviewing current literature. They pay much attention to vascular density which is significantly changed in the uterine tumors.

Corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy are currently best available technique which allows observation of microvascular bed of different anatomical structures and obtaining quasi 3-D pictures, necessary for reconstruction of microvessels. Application of synthetic resins, which fill practically the whole vascular bed enables profound analysis of such obtained specimens.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.