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Due to complicated transfer paths and strong background noise interference, the fault pattern information deeply hides in common features of the vibration signal at the engine surface. In this study, the refined composite multiscale fuzzy entropy (RCMFE) used to measure the irregularity and self-similarity of time series is proposed to quantify the feature of various fault patterns. Followed by RCMFE, the features dug out are recognized by a parameter-adaptive support vector machine based on the firefly algorithm (FASVM). After putting forward the diagnosing schematics, the RCMFE-FASVM is applied to a fault diagnosis case of a diesel engine on a test rig. A comparative analysis of the four methods to extract features and the four methods to recognize fault patterns are conducted. Results indicate the proposed method has superior recognition performance and can effectively identify the working states of the diesel engine, contrasting the existing methods. Under the small samples and features task of identifying the working states of a diesel engine, the recognition rate of the proposed method with more stability can reach 98.2%, which is larger than other methods. Given the superior performance of the proposed method, the number of input features and training samples should vary from 8 to 20 and from 35 to 50.

Electrochromic (EC) batteries realize the visualization of the energy level by the naked eyes, which exhibit great potential in various applications including smart windows and wearable electronics. However, limited by...

This review provides a route for constructing advanced IR-ECDs towards real-world applications in smart windows, IR sensors, thermal control and military camouflage.

The CuPt-A type ordered CdZnTe phases have first been characterized comprehensively in CdZnTe single crystals. The possible crystal structure and formation mechanism of such ordered phase have been proposed based on the TEM results.

A novel pectic polysaccharide, named GTPS3-1, was isolated and purified from Laoshan green tea polysaccharide (GTPS) through DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 columns, its structure was characterized and its anti-inflammatory activity was explored. GTPS3-1, with a molecular weight of 26.05 kDa, was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.72:2.5:1.68:1 on the basis of monosaccharide composition. Structural analysis results revealed that GTPS3-1 was a highly branched pectin consisting of →3)-Gal

Toona sinensis is a medicinal and edible plant that belongs to the genus Toona of family Meliaceae. Phytochemical investigations carried out on this plant, seven apotirucallane-type triterpenoids (1–7), two cycloartane-type triterpenoids (8–9), four sterols (10–13), two sesquiterpenes (14–15), four phenols (16–19), and one lignin (20) were isolated from the pericarp of T. sinensis by silica gel column and preparative middle pressure liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by interpretation of NMR and comparison with those reported in the literature. Compounds 11–12, 15–16, and 18 were isolated from the family Meliaceae, compounds 13–14 were obtained from the genus Toona, and compound 19 was obtained from T. sinensis for the first time. Additionally, the cytotoxicity and polyol pathway (PP) inhibitory activities of active constituents were evaluated in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions, suggesting their potential application for a PP inhibitor.

A novel pectic polysaccharide, named GTPS3-1, was isolated and purified from Laoshan green tea polysaccharide (GTPS) through DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 columns, its structure was characterized and its anti-inflammatory activity was explored. GTPS3-1, with a molecular weight of 26.05 kDa, was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose in a molar ratio of 4.72:2.5:1.68:1 on the basis of monosaccharide composition. Structural analysis results revealed that GTPS3-1 was a highly branched pectin consisting of →3)-Galp-(1→, →2)-Rhap-(1→, →3,5)-Araf-(1→, →3)-Rhap-(1→, GalpA-(1→, →3,4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-GalpA-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →2,4)-Rhap-(1→, Rhap-(1→ and Araf-(1→ according to FT-IR, methylation and NMR analyses. In addition, GTPS3-1 inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner, which resulted in the amelioration of inflammatory injury in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These results would provide a theoretical basis for practical application of the novel polysaccharide as an anti-inflammatory adjuvant.

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) exhibiting tunable optical and thermal modulation in the infrared (IR) region have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their attractive application prospects in both military and civilian settings. However, considering the continuous energy supply needed for driving the device operation, it is desired to develop advanced IR-ECDs with low energy consumption. Herein, a flexible self-driven IR-ECD is constructed for achieving variable optical and thermal management in a low-energy mode. In this device, a built-in potential difference of 1.36 V exists between the EC polyaniline cathode and the aluminum foil anode. Consequently, there is a rapid and obvious increase in the IR reflectance of the device after connecting the two electrodes. Such a self-driven reflectance contrast is over 20% at the wavelength of 1500 nm, and the coloration efficiency of the device reaches up to 93.6 cm2 C-1. Meanwhile, the maximum apparent temperature modulation on the surface of the device reaches up to 5.6 °C. Then, the self-driven IR-ECD could recover to its original state driven by a solar cell, indicating good reversibility and stability. We anticipate that this work may provide a new insight into developing advanced self-driven IR-ECDs for applications in dynamic military camouflage and commercial thermal control.

Yuzhen Wang,1 Hong Li,2 Fakun Dong,3 Fang Yan,3 Min Cheng,4 Wanzhong Li,3 Qi Chang,3 Tianzi Song,3 Aoying Liu,3 Bo Song3 1Medical Imaging Specialty, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Basic Medical School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo SongWeifang Medical University, Baotong Street, No. 7166, Weifang, Shandong 261053, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-536-8462490Email songsbob@163.comPurpose: Many exopolysaccharides (EPS) have significant emulsifying activity. Some EPS produced by the marine bacterial strain FYS have stronger emulsifying activity in the form of nanoparticles, suggesting that they could potentially form Pickering emulsions. We prepared novel EPS/CT Pickering nanoemulsions (ECPN) with EPS as emulsifiers and assessed their ability to ameliorate the poor permeability of calcipotriol (CT) in skin affected by psoriasis vulgaris.Methods: A strain of marine bacterium FYS was identified. Molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and microstructure of EPS were determined by gel permeation chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy. EPS nanoparticles were prepared by adjusting the pH, and the emulsifying activity was studied at different pH. ECPN were prepared by ultrasound and optimized by the response surface method. The size distribution, microstructure, stability and in vitro drug release of ECPN were studied. The therapeutic effect of ECPN on psoriasis vulgaris was explored by animal experiments and characterizing histomorphology in vivo.Results: A phylogenetic tree revealed that FYS was a Bacillus halodurans strain. EPS produced by the strain were heteropolysaccharides with a three-dimensional network composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and mannose (32.0:34.3:9.7:7.4:10.3:6.3). The EPS can form nanoparticles at pH = 4– 6 with enhanced emulsifying ability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that EPS nanoparticles adhered to the surface of oil droplets to stabilize the emulsions via a Pickering emulsification mechanism. The prepared ECPN have high stability with a sustained-release effect. Finally, animal experiments showed that ECPN effectively shortened the treatment course of psoriasis vulgaris.Conclusion: EPS is highly possible to have the potential Pickering emulsification mechanism. The stability of the nanoemulsion was high. ECPN also showed potential for use in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. This study provides new insight into the medical applications of EPS and the treatment of psoriasis.Keywords: Bacillus halotolerans, exopolysaccharides, response surface method, psoriasis

Purpose Many exopolysaccharides (EPS) have significant emulsifying activity. Some EPS produced by the marine bacterial strain FYS have stronger emulsifying activity in the form of nanoparticles, suggesting that they could potentially form Pickering emulsions. We prepared novel EPS/CT Pickering nanoemulsions (ECPN) with EPS as emulsifiers and assessed their ability to ameliorate the poor permeability of calcipotriol (CT) in skin affected by psoriasis vulgaris. Methods A strain of marine bacterium FYS was identified. Molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and microstructure of EPS were determined by gel permeation chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy. EPS nanoparticles were prepared by adjusting the pH, and the emulsifying activity was studied at different pH. ECPN were prepared by ultrasound and optimized by the response surface method. The size distribution, microstructure, stability and in vitro drug release of ECPN were studied. The therapeutic effect of ECPN on psoriasis vulgaris was explored by animal experiments and characterizing histomorphology in vivo. Results A phylogenetic tree revealed that FYS was a Bacillus halodurans strain. EPS produced by the strain were heteropolysaccharides with a three-dimensional network composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and mannose (32.0:34.3:9.7:7.4:10.3:6.3). The EPS can form nanoparticles at pH = 4–6 with enhanced emulsifying ability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that EPS nanoparticles adhered to the surface of oil droplets to stabilize the emulsions via a Pickering emulsification mechanism. The prepared ECPN have high stability with a sustained-release effect. Finally, animal experiments showed that ECPN effectively shortened the treatment course of psoriasis vulgaris. Conclusion EPS is highly possible to have the potential Pickering emulsification mechanism. The stability of the nanoemulsion was high. ECPN also showed potential for use in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. This study provides new insight into the medical applications of EPS and the treatment of psoriasis.

The polysaccharides were acquired from the seeds of

In order to obtain the time history of wave load on slender vertical cylinder of offshore engineering platform, a method based on random wave theory is proposed. This method analyzes the action process of wave motion on slender vertical cylinder, linearizes the horizontal velocity of wave by using stochastic equivalent linearization method, and calculates the time history of wave load by target spectrum method. On this basis, through MATLAB software, combined with the calculation algorithm of wave load time history, the wave load calculation software is compiled, and the numerical simulation of wave load is completed. The simulation results show that the method can obtain the time history of wave load acting on the slender vertical cylinder of offshore engineering platform, which provides an effective method for the calculation of wave action on offshore engineering equipment.

Hyperglycemia is a strong risk factor for chronic complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemic conditions foster not only the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also the consumption of antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress and promoting the occurrence and progression of complications. During our continuous search for antioxidant constituents from the pericarp of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem, we isolated two previously unreported apotirucallane-type triterpenoids, toonasinensin A (1) and toonasinensin B (2), together with five known apotirucallane-type triterpenoids (3&ndash, 7) and two known cycloartane-type triterpenoids (8&ndash, 9) from the pericarp. Compounds 8&ndash, 9 were obtained from T. sinensis for the first time. Their structures were characterized based on interpretation of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra, HR-ESI-MS) and comparison to previous reports. Compounds (2, 4, 6, 7, and 9) were able to inhibit proliferation against rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) cultured under high-glucose conditions within a concentration of 80 &mu, M. Compounds (2, 6, and 7) were tested for antioxidant activity attributable to superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ROS in vitro, and the results showed that compounds (2, 6, and 7) could significantly increase the levels of SOD and reduce the levels of MDA and ROS. The current studies showed that apotirucallane-type triterpenoids (2, 6, and 7) might have the antioxidant effects against diabetic nephropathy.

The polysaccharides were acquired from the seeds of T. sinensis by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, decoloration with macroporous 900 resin, and deproteinization with sevag reagent, which possessed significantly immunomodulatory activity on the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM, the relative indices of thymus and spleen, and the phagocytosis index of mice in vivo. T. sinensis seeds polysaccharides (TSP) were separated and purified using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography to obtain TSP-3a characterized of molecular weight, monosaccharides composition, and other preliminary structural features. TSP-3a (758.6 kDa) mainly contained Man, GalN, GlcA, Rha, Glc, Gal, Ara, and Fuc in a molar ratio of 0.26:0.24:0.19:1.80:0.45:12.56:1.09:0.21. FT-IR analysis suggested TSP-3a was an acid polysaccharide and the presence of β configuration within the TSP-3a was discovered. Combining 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and comparison with those reported in the literature, the backbone of TSP-3a might contain →6)-α-D-Glc-(1→, →3)-β-D-GlcA-(1→, →6)-α-D-Gal-(1→, α-D-Glc-(1→, and →6)-β-D-Gal-(1→.

Eucalyptus oil (EO), an essential oil isolated from Eucalyptus leaves, was examined for its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced COPD in rats. The COPD model was induced by instilling intratracheally with LPS and K. pneumoniae. The test compound, EO (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), prednisone acetate (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was instilled intragastrically after three weeks exposure to LPS and K. pneumoniae, lasting for 4 weeks. EO significantly reduced amounts of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood, and decreased bronchiolitis, emphysematous changes and thickness of bronchioles. It also significantly reduced the increased AB-PAS-positive goblet cells in bronchioles. Prednisone acetate attenuated pulmonary inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion, but no significant difference was found on emphysema. Pretreatment with EO markly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-β in lung homogenate, significantly decreased the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level and and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These findings indicate that EO could exert an protective effect against LPS plus K. pneumoniae-induced lung indury via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines production and improvement of anti-oxidant status. The results provide evidence that EO might have its potential to be a proper candidate drug in the treatment of COPD. Key words: Eucalyptus globulus, lipopolysaccharide, cytokine, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

To observe the application effect of simulation teaching in pharmacology experimental teaching of pharmacy. Classes of Pharmaceutical students in grade 2013 were randomly divided into two groups: A and B group with 50 students in each group. Group A was implemented with the simulation teaching mode and Group B was implemented with the traditional experimental teaching mode. The final examination results of two groups of students were compared, and the experimental teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaires. The satisfaction survey of the students on simulation teaching mode was compared. The results of pharmacology experimental teaching in the simulation teaching group were significantly higher than those in the traditional teaching group. Questionnaire results show that the students in the simulation teaching group generally believe that the mode are superior improve their self-study learning interest and have a high satisfaction degree. The simulation teaching mode can better mobilize students’ initiative in self-learning, and have better teaching effect than traditional teaching mode in pharmacology experimental teaching.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of 1,8-cineol against Amyloid beta25-35 ( Aβ25-35)-induced cell injury in primary rat cortical neurons. Methods: Primary rat cortical neurons were cultured in vitro, treated with different concentrations of Aβ25-35 (2.5, 5, 10 20, 40 μM) and 1,8-cineol (1, 3, 10 μM). Cell viability of neuronal cells were detected by MTT assay and cell death were detected by lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH). The production of IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant were measured by ELISA assay kits. NF-κB protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results: In primary cultured neurons, Aβ25-35 concentration dependently reduced cell viability and increased LDH release. 1,8-cineol with concentrations of 3 and 10 μM protected neuronal cells against Aβ25-35 induced cell injury for 24 h. 3 and 10 μM of 1,8-cineol also significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine production in the supernatant. Increased NF-κB expression was also significantly reduced by 1,8-cineol treatment evaluated by Western blotting. Conclusions: Our results revealed a protective effect of 1,8-cineol on Aβ25-35 induced neuron injury through inhibition of IL-6, IL-8 production and NF-κB expression.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) both play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have identified glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) injury as a key early risk factor in the development of DN. Kaempferitrin (KM) is a potent antioxidant with hypoglycemic action. Although KM is known to protect against AGE-induced damage in GMCs, the effects and the mechanisms by which they occur are poorly understood. In this study, cultured rat GMCs were exposed to AGE-induced oxidative stress (OS) to model DN in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by 2&prime, 7&prime, dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied using commercial kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential (&Delta, &psi, m) was measured by rhodamine 123. Hoechst 33258 and annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed to observe the apoptosis states in GMCs, whereas apoptosis and protective mechanism in AGE-induced GMCs were investigated by Western blot. The data revealed that KM effectively increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels, suppressed ROS generation, and protected against OS in AGE-induced GMCs. Treatment with KM also inhibited the expression of collagen IV and transforming growth factor-&beta, 1 (TGF-&beta, 1), improved mitochondrial membrane potential recovery, and suppressed the mitochondrial/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis pathway through the expression of anti-apoptotic factors in GMCs in vitro. These findings suggest that KM may be a new potential agent in the treatment of DN in future.

Background: The seeds of Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem (T. sinensis) have long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of different polyphenols fractions from Toona sinensis Roem (T. sinensis) seeds (PTSS) and the inhibition of aldose reductase (AR).Methods: Macroporous resin was used to purify PTSS, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated with total antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging. AR inhibitory activities were investigated by employing various established systems.Results: The polyphenol eluted by 60% alcohol (PTSS3) exhibit the highest antioxidant activity and AR inhibition, with an r value of 0.9924 ± 0.0066 in correlation analysis. The inhibition mechanism of PTSS3 on AR is uncompetitive inhibition.Conclusion: This research demonstrates that PTSS offers potential for intervening diabetes mellitus and its complications.Key words: Toona sinensis seeds, polyphenol, antioxidization, aldose reductase, diabetes mellitus

Taking the pharmacy major pharmacy as the object, aiming at cultivating innovative applied talents, explore the connotation, characteristics, development of SPOC and its connection to hybrid teaching, from the perspectives of curriculum design, teaching theory, teaching resources, learning methods, learning and application, and comprehensive evaluation, we explore the SPOC+ mixed teaching model of pharmacy courses based on innovative applied talents, in order to provide reference and thinking for the reform of pharmaceutical education and teaching.

Clinical cases show that zirconia restoration could happen fracture by accident under overloading after using a period of time. The purpose of this study is to research mechanical behavior and predict lifetime of dental zirconia ceramics under cyclic normal contact loading with experiments. Cyclic normal contact loading test and three point bending test are carried on specimens made of two brands of dental zirconia ceramic to obtain flexure strength and damage degree after different number of loading cycles. By means of damage mechanics model, damage degree under different number of contact loading cycles are calculated according to flexure strength, and verified by SEM photographs of cross section morphology of zirconia ceramics specimen phenomenologically. Relation curve of damage degree and number of cycles is fitted by polynomial fitting, then the number of loading cycles can be concluded when the specimen is complete damage. Strength degradation of two brands dental zirconia ceramics are researched in vitro, and prediction method of contact fatigue lifetime is established.

Semen Allii Fistulosi (PSAF) is the seed of Allium fistulosum L. of the Liliaceae family. The purpose of this study was to extract, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro of proteins. Using single factor and orthogonal design, the optimum conditions of extraction were determined to be as follows: extraction time 150 min, pH 8.5, temperature 60 &deg, C, and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of extraction solvent to raw material 35. The isoelectric point of the pH was determined to be about 4.4 and 10.2, by measuring the protein content of PSAF solutions at different pH values. The amino acid composition of PSAF was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results suggested that the species of amino acids contained in the PSAF was complete. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS&ndash, PAGE) analysis showed the molecular weight was mainly between 40 and 55 kDa, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized prevalent protein absorption peaks. PSAF exhibited potent scavenging activities against DPPH assays, via targeting of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, while chelating Fe2+ activity and demonstrating weak reducing power. This work revealed that PSAF possessed potential antioxidant activity in vitro, suggesting potential for use of PSAF as a natural antioxidant.

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease because diabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in 30-40% of the patients. This study investigated the protective effect of the aqueous extract from leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk (ACP) on DN by inhibiting oxidative stress and aldose reductase (AR) activity. ACP was obtained by hot water extraction. The in vitro antioxidant capability and AR inhibition of ACP were investigated by employing various established systems. DN rats were used to assess the reno-protective effect of ACP. Results showed that the polysaccharide and total polyphenol contents of ACP were (479.3 ± 19.8) mg/g and (38.3 ± 2.3) mg/g, respectively. ACP exhibited strong antioxidant ability and AR inhibition in vitro and in vivo; furthermore, the inhibition mechanism of ACP in AR takes the form of uncompetitive inhibition. In addition, the animals treated with ACP showed significant amelioration of blood glucose, serum biomarkers related to renal function, urinary protein excretion, and histopathological changes in the kidney. The results suggest that ACP has a potential role in ameliorating renal damage involved in DN.

Both the whole cells and protoplasts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Bacillus cereus, two biofilm-forming bacteria, were disrupted by the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-CA. The lipopeptide 6-2 could also effectively inhibit the formation of biofilms and disperse pre-formed biofilms. Live/dead staining of the biofilms grown in the absence or presence of the lipopeptide 6-2 showed that more dead bacterial cells in the presence of the lipopeptide than those in the absence of the lipopeptide and biofilm formation was greatly reduced by the lipopeptide 6-2. Expression of the PslC gene related to exopolysaccharides in P. aeruginosa PAO1 was also inhibited. All these results demonstrated that the lipopeptide 6-2 produced by B. amyloliquefaciens anti-CA had a high activity against biofilm-forming bacteria. The lipopeptide 6-2 also killed the larvae of Balanus amphitrite and inhibit the germination of Laminaria japonica spore and growth of protozoa, all of which were the fouling organisms in marine environments.

Objective: This study evaluated the protective effect of rutin on high glucose-induced damage in PC12 cells. Methods: Viability of PC12 cells induced by high glucose was detected by MTT assay and cell death by lactate dehydrogenase release. Nucleic acid status in the cell was observed by Hoechst 33342 staining. NO and NOS were measured using detection assay kits. Results: PC12 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of rutin for 1 h and then coped with rutin and D-glucose for 48 h. Rutin protected PC12 cells against high glucose damage, which was determined by cell viability and apoptosis as evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining assay. Rutin inhibited increased NOS activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Increased NO level was significantly reduced by rutin. Conclusions: Findings revealed the protective effect of rutin against high glucose-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Results suggest that rutin could be a potentially natural compound for diabetic neuropathy treatment.

Eucalyptus oil (EO), an essential oil isolated from Eucalyptus leaves, was examined for its effect on LPS and Klebsiella pneumoniae - induced COPD in rats. The COPD model was induced by instilling intratracheally with LPS and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. P). The test compound, EO (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), Prednisone Acetate (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was instilled intragastrically after three weeks exposure of LPS and K. P, lasted for 4 weeks. EO significantly reduced amounts of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood, and decreased bronchiolitis, emphysematous changes and thickness of bronchioles. It also significantly reduced the increased AB-PAS-positive goblet cells in bronchioles. Prednisone Acetate attenuated pulmonary inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion, but no significant difference was found on emphysema. Pretreatment with EO markly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-β in lung homogenate, significantly decreased the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level and and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These findings indicate that EO could exert an protective effect against LPS plus K. P-induced lung indury via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines production and improvement of anti-oxidant status. Our results provide evidence that EO might have its potential to be a proper candidate drug in the treatment of COPD.