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Background: Periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of teeth, poses a significant oral health challenge. Traditional periodontal surgery and non-surgical therapy, such as scaling and root planing, are established treatment approaches for addressing periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 120 adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontal disease. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the traditional surgery group (TSG) or the non-surgical therapy group (NSTG). In the TSG, patients underwent traditional periodontal surgery, which included flap surgery and grafts when deemed necessary. The surgical procedures were performed by experienced periodontal surgeons. In contrast, the NSTG received non-surgical therapy in the form of scaling and root planing administered by trained dental hygienists. Outcome measures encompassed clinical parameters and patient-centered outcomes. Periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level, both measured in millimeters, were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Patient-reported outcomes, including pain, discomfort, and satisfaction, were collected through standardized questionnaires at each follow-up visit. Results: Patients in the TSG experienced a notable reduction in pocket depth from a baseline of 6.8 mm to 3.7 mm at the 6-month mark, resulting in a change of -3.1 mm. Conversely, the NSTG exhibited a reduction from 6.7 mm to 4.0 mm, with a change of -2.7 mm. In the TSG, the baseline attachment level of 7.2 mm decreased to 5.1 mm at 6 months, indicating a change of -2.1 mm. In the NSTG, the attachment level decreased from 7.1 mm to 5.5 mm, resulting in a change of -1.6 mm. Patients in the TSG reported an average pain score of 3.6 on a 1–10 scale, discomfort of 4.2, and satisfaction of 7.8. In contrast, patients in the NSTG reported lower pain (2.1) and discomfort (2.9) scores but similar satisfaction levels (8.4). Conclusion: In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), both traditional periodontal surgery and non-surgical therapy demonstrated improvements in clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Traditional surgery resulted in greater reductions in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss at the 6-month follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays an important function in initiation, progression of any inflammatory condition. It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and considered to be founding member. Periodontitis being an inflammatory condition of periodontium, IL-17 does have a potential role in periodontitis. The current research has shown positive correlation between the IL-17 and severity of periodontitis. Therefore, this research study aimed to evaluate the levels of IL-17 in aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP), and "healthy gingival sites." Materials and Methods: A total of 45 selected subjects (90 samples) were equally divided into three different groups. Group 1 (Healthy gingiva on clinical examination): Subjects with healthy gingiva and no evidence of periodontal attachment level (PAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) <3 mm papillary bleeding index (PBI) <1. Group 2 (AgP): Subjects having age <35 years with at least six permanent teeth apart from the incisors and first molars with PPD and PAL ≥5 mm. Group 3 (CP): It consist of subjects with clinical features of inflammation of gingiva with minimum six teeth in each jaw, with PPD ≥4 mm, PAL ≥4 mm. IL-17 levels were analyzed by using Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). It was collected from the sulcus of first maxillary molar sites for quantitative analysis. Results: GCF IL-17 levels in AgP were found to be 1.12 ± 0.29, 1.96 ± 1.71 in CP and 0.64 ± 0.23 in healthy gingival sites. Clinical parameters such as (1) plaque index (Turesky et al., modification of Quigley-Hein), (2) PPD, (3) PBI were higher (significantly) in periodontitis group as compared to healthy gingiva. Positive correlation was found to be significant between levels of IL-17 with PAL and PPD in AgP however in cases of CP, positive correlation of IL-17 levels was found only with PAL but not PPD. Conclusion: Our study shows that the IL-17 levels were comparatively higher in GCF of AgP, CP in comparison to healthy gingiva, but the GCF IL-17 levels were higher in CP as compared to AgP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which is derived from T-cells. It is a strong agent of inflammation in inflammatory condition including the periodontitis. Several studies have focused on finding the role of IL-17 in the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The aim of this review is to analyze the role of IL-17 in immunopathology of chronic periodontitis and AgP. An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using keywords aggressive, chronic, cytokine, IL-17, and periodontitis. A total of 152 publications were identified, wherein 43 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria which were included and data extraction was done. Findings of these studies indicate that IL-17 is the important cytokine which plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. More studies in all ethnic groups are necessary and hence that the predictive value (cutoff) of IL-17 levels in chronic and AgP can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetics is the study and understanding of the phenomena of heredity and variation. A large number of genes are associated with many systemic conditions. Periodontitis is inflammatory condition of periodontium. Periodontium consists of gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It is considered being a multifactorial disease. Studies of animals and humans support the concept that a large number of genes' factor may be associated with periodontitis and clearly play a role in the predisposition and progression of periodontal diseases. It has been proven that genetic factors impair inflammatory and immune responses during periodontal diseases. Research on identifying specific genes causing periodontitis may improve and prevent the disease progression. The aim of this article is to focus on genetic risk factors and its influence for the various forms of periodontal disease.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinico-histopathological picture and to examine the recurrence of various localized hyperplastic gingival growths after their surgical treatment. Twenty patients of localized hyperplastic gingival outgrowth were evaluated in the present clinico-histopathological study. The data regarding age, sex, location, size, and duration of lesion were summarized. After 4 weeks of initial therapy, an excision of the growth with conventional flap surgery was performed. The excised tissues were sent for histopathological analysis, and the lesions were reclassified into four groups. All the patients were recalled after 3 and 6 months to study the recurrence of the growth. Twenty lesions were inspected, the pyogenic granuloma was the most common (55%), followed by peripheral fibroma (25%), peripheral giant cell granuloma (15%), and calcifying fibroblastic fibroma (5%). Out of the twenty lesions evaluated, the pyogenic granuloma was the most common with no recurrence in any case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by an alternation of bone mineralization, bone pain, increased bone fragility and fractures. A 23-year-old female patient reported with short stature and depressed nasal bridge with oral manifestation showing partial anodontia and periodontitis. This case report attempt to highlights clinical, radiographic, biochemical features of osteomalacia and periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingival inflammation and fibrous type of overgrowth, or a combination of both can lead to gingival enlargement (GE), and this negatively affects mainly masticatory function and esthetics, and sometimes causes psychological issues in patients. A typical characteristic of gingival diseases is gingival overgrowth, which can be brought on by fibrous overgrowth, gingival inflammation, or a combination of the two. It is a complex ailment arising from interactions between the environment and the host or different stimuli. Patients frequently have misaligned teeth, which encourages the buildup of bacterial plaque and unintentionally fuels gingival inflammation. Fixed orthodontic equipment can rectify this misalignment but they may also promote plaque buildup and the ensuing development of GE, gingival invaginations, and generalized hyperplastic gingivitis. The attachment of application and the rise in the amount of discernible supra- and subgingival plaque cause changes in microbial growth. Moreover, the force used in the treatment tends to activate the gingival soft tissue response. Clinical consequences such as persistent infection, inflammatory hyperplasia, gingival recession, attachment loss, or gingival overgrowth may arise after the device is placed. 'Plaque-induced' and 'non-plaque-induced' gingival disorders, such as gingival overgrowth, can be distinguished; however, a more precise fundamental etiology is frequently discernible. Several hereditary, systemic, or infectious diseases do not depend on plaque induction. Accompanying plaque accumulation in certain circumstances may make the clinical appearance worse. The case described here is of a 21-year-old female patient presenting with anterior maxillary GE associated with lateral incisors with orthodontic therapy. Surgical therapy was carried out to provide an excellent esthetic outcome for the patient., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Thakare et al.)