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9. Challenges to Implementing Environmental-DNA Monitoring in Namibia

Author

Perry, I, Jâms, IB, Casas-Mulet, R, Hamutoko, J, Marchbank, A, Lendelvo, S, Naomab, E, Mapani, B, Creer, S, Wanke, H, Durance, I, Kille, P, Perry, I, Jâms, IB, Casas-Mulet, R, Hamutoko, J, Marchbank, A, Lendelvo, S, Naomab, E, Mapani, B, Creer, S, Wanke, H, Durance, I, and Kille, P

Abstract

By identifying fragments of DNA in the environment, eDNA approaches present a promising tool for monitoring biodiversity in a cost-effective way. This is particularly pertinent for countries where traditional morphological monitoring has been sparse. The first step to realising the potential of eDNA is to develop methodologies that are adapted to local conditions. Here, we test field and laboratory eDNA protocols (aqueous and sediment samples) in a range of semi-arid ecosystems in Namibia. We successfully gathered eDNA data on a broad suite of organisms at multiple trophic levels (including algae, invertebrates and bacteria) but identified two key challenges to the implementation of eDNA methods in the region: 1) high turbidity requires a tailored sampling technique and 2) identification of taxa by eDNA methods is currently constrained by a lack of reference data. We hope this work will guide the deployment of eDNA biomonitoring in the arid ecosystems of Namibia and neighbouring countries.

Published
2022

10. Chemistry of rocks and soils at Meridiani Planum from the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer

Author

Rieder, R., Gellert, R., Anderson, R.C., Bruckner, J., Clark, B.C., Dreibus, G., Economou, T., Klingelhofer, G., Lugmair, G.W., Ming, D.W., Squyres, S.W., d'Uston, C., Wanke, H., Yen, A., and Zipfel, J.

Subjects
Opportunity (Space probe) -- Research, Mars (Planet) -- Discovery and exploration -- Composition -- Research, Science and technology, Discovery and exploration, Composition, Research
Abstract

The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer on the Opportunity rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Meridiani Planum. Chemical compositions differentiate between basaltic rocks, evaporite-rich rocks, basaltic soils, and hematite-rich soils. Although soils are compositionally similar to those at previous landing sites, differences in iron and some minor element concentrations signify the addition of local components. Rocky outcrops are rich in sulfur and variably enriched in bromine relative to chlorine. The interaction with water in the past is indicated by the chemical features in rocks and soils at this site., Opportunity landed on Mars at Meridiani Planum on 25 January 2004 coordinated universal time (UTC). The landing site was selected because in this region orbital instruments had identified hematite (1), [...]

Published
2004

11. The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars

Author

Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Bell, III, J.F., Bruckner, J., Cabrol, N.A., Calvin, W., Carr, M.H., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crumpler, L., Des Marais, D.J., d'Uston, C., Economou, T., Farmer, J., Farrand, W., Folkner, W., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Grant, J.A., Greeley, R., Grotzinger, J., Haskin, L., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hviid, S., Klingelhofer, G., Knoll, A.H., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M.B., Malin, M.C., McLennan, S.M., McSween, H.Y., Ming, D.W., Moersch, J., Morris, R.V., Parker, T., Rice, Jr., J.W., Richter, L., Rieder, R., Sims, M., Smith, M., Smith, P., Soderblom, L.A., Sullivan, R., Wanke, H., Wdowiak, T., Wolff, M., and Yen, A.

Subjects
Opportunity (Space probe) -- Research, Mars probes -- Research -- Discovery and exploration, Mars (Planet) -- Discovery and exploration -- Research, Science and technology, Discovery and exploration, Research
Abstract

The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water., The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed in Eagle crater on Meridiani Planum on 24 January 2004 UTC, 21 days after the landing of Spirit at Gusev crater (1). Both vehicles [...]

Published
2004

12. Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater

Author

McSween, H.Y., Arvidson, R.E., Bell, III, J.F., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N.A., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crisp, J.A., Crumpler, L.S., Des Marais, D.J., Farmer, J.D., Gellert, R., Ghosh, A., Gorevan, S., Graff, T., Grant, J., Haskin, L.A., Herkenhoff, K.E., Johnson, J.R., Jolliff, B.L., Klingelhoefer, G., Knudson, A.T., McLennan, S., Milam, K.A., Moersch, J.E., Morris, R.V., Rieder, R., Ruff, S.W., de Souza, Jr., P.A., Squyres, S.W., Wanke, H., Wang, A., Wyatt, M.B., Yen, A., and Zipfel, J.

Subjects
Spirit (Space probe) -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Research -- Properties, Geology -- Research, Science and technology, Observations, Research, Properties
Abstract

The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain ≤ 25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mossbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust., Rocks at the Spirit landing site are fine-grained with irregular vesicles and vugs, suggesting a volcanic origin. The rocks are angular and strewn across the surface, which suggests they were [...]

Published
2004

13. Chemistry of rocks and soils in Gusev crater from the alpha particle x-ray spectrometer

Author

Gellert, R., Rieder, R., Anderson, R.C., Brukner, J., Clark, B.C., Dreibus, G., Economou, T., Klingelhofer, G., Lugmair, G.W., Ming, D.W., Squyres, S.W., d'Uston, C., Wanke, H., Yen, A., and Zipfel, J.

Subjects
Spirit (Space probe) -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Research -- Properties, Geology -- Research, Science and technology, Observations, Research, Properties
Abstract

The alpha particle x-ray spectrometer on the Spirit rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Gusev crater in order to unravel the crustal evolution of planet Mars. The composition of soils is similar to those at previous landing sites, as a result of global mixing and distribution by dust storms. Rocks (fresh surfaces exposed by the rock abrasion toot) resemble volcanic rocks of primitive basaltic composition with low intrinsic potassium contents. High abundance of bromine (up to 170 parts per million) in rocks may indicate the alteration of surfaces formed during a past period of aqueous activity in Gusev crater., The alpha particle x-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover is an improved version of the APXS on the Sojourner rover that measured compositions of soils (1) and rocks during [...]

Published
2004

14. The Spirit Rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev crater, Mars

Author

Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R.E., Bell, III, J.F., Bruckner, J., Cabrol, N.A., Calvin, W., Carr, M.H., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crumpler, L., Des Marais, D.J., d'Uston, C., Economou, T., Farmer, J., Farrand, W., Folkner, W., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Grant, J.A., Greeley, R., Grotzinger, J., Haskin, L., Herkenhoff, K.E., Hviid, S., Johnson, J., Klingelhofer, G., Knoll, A., Landis, G., Lemmon, M., Li, R., Madsen, M.B., Malin, M.C., McLennan, S.M., McSween, H.Y., Ming, D.W., Moersch, J., Morris, R.V., Parker, T., Rice J.W., Jr., Richter, L., Rieder, R., Sims, M., Smith, M., Smith, P., Soderblom, L.A., Sullivan, R., Wanke, H., Wdowiak, T., Wolff, M., and Yen, A.

Subjects
Spirit (Space probe) -- Design and construction, Opportunity (Space probe) -- Design and construction, Mars probes -- Design and construction, Mars (Planet) -- Properties -- Research, Geology -- Research, Science and technology, Design and construction, Research, Properties
Abstract

The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption., Spirit landed in Gusev crater on 4 January 2004 UTC. It was followed 21 days later by Opportunity, which landed on Meridiani Planum. Both vehicles landed using a variant of [...]

Published
2004

15. Distribution of hydrogen in the near surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits. (Reports)

Author

Boynton, W.V., Feldman, W.C., Squyres, S.W., Prettyman, T.H., Bruckner, J., Evans, L.G., Reedy, R.C., Starr, R., Arnold, J.R., Drake, D.M., Englert, P.A.J., Metzger, A.E., Mitrofanov, Igor, Trombka, J.I., d'Uston, C., Wanke, H., Gasnault, O., Hamara, D.K., Janes, D.M., Marcialis, R.L., Maurice, S., Mikheeva, I., Taylor, G.J., Tokar, R., and Shinohara, C.

Subjects
Planets -- Discovery and exploration, Water, Underground -- Discovery and exploration, Mars (Planet) -- Discovery and exploration, Science and technology, Discovery and exploration
Abstract

Using the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey, we have identified two regions near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen. The data indicate the presence of a subsurface layer enriched in hydrogen overlain by a hydrogenpoor layer. The thickness of the upper layer decreases with decreasing distance to the pole, ranging from a column density of about 150 grams per square centimeter at -42° latitude to about 40 grams per square centimeter at -77°. The hydrogen-rich regions correlate with regions of predicted ice stability. We suggest that the host of the hydrogen in the subsurface layer is ice, which constitutes 35 ± 15% of the layer by weight., There is ample evidence that water has been important in shaping the martian surface (1, 2) and that water is present on Mars today in the north polar residual cap [...]

Published
2002

16. Observed controls on resilience of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa [+ Author correction, 2020, vol. 588, E25 ]

Author

Cuthbert, M. O., Taylor, R. G., Favreau, Guillaume, Todd, M. C., Shamsudduha, M., Villholth, K. G., MacDonald, A. M., Scanlon, B. R., Kotchoni, D. O. V., Vouillamoz, Jean-Michel, Lawson, F. M. A., Adjomayi, P. A., Kashaigili, J., Seddon, D., Sorensen, J. P. R., Ebrahim, G. Y., Owor, M., Nyenje, P. M., Nazoumou, Y., Goni, I., Ousmane, B. I., Sibanda, T., Ascott, M. J., Macdonald, D. M. J., Agyekum, W., Koussoube, Y., Wanke, H., Kim, H., Wada, Y., Lo, M. H., Oki, T., and Kukuric, N.

Abstract

Groundwater in sub-Saharan Africa supports livelihoods and poverty alleviation(1,2), maintains vital ecosystems, and strongly influences terrestrial water and energy budgets(3). Yet the hydrological processes that govern groundwater recharge and sustainability-and their sensitivity to climatic variability-are poorly constrained(4,5). Given the absence of firm observational constraints, it remains to be seen whether model-based projections of decreased water resources in dry parts of the region(4) are justified. Here we show, through analysis of multidecadal groundwater hydrographs across sub-Saharan Africa, that levels of aridity dictate the predominant recharge processes, whereas local hydrogeology influences the type and sensitivity of precipitation-recharge relationships. Recharge in some humid locations varies by as little as five per cent (by coefficient of variation) across a wide range of annual precipitation values. Other regions, by contrast, show roughly linear precipitation-recharge relationships, with precipitation thresholds (of roughly ten millimetres or less per day) governing the initiation of recharge. These thresholds tend to rise as aridity increases, and recharge in drylands is more episodic and increasingly dominated by focused recharge through losses from ephemeral overland flows. Extreme annual recharge is commonly associated with intense rainfall and flooding events, themselves often driven by large-scale climate controls. Intense precipitation, even during years of lower overall precipitation, produces some of the largest years of recharge in some dry subtropical locations. Our results therefore challenge the 'high certainty' consensus regarding decreasing water resources(4) in such regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The potential resilience of groundwater to climate variability in many areas that is revealed by these precipitation-recharge relationships is essential for informing reliable predictions of climate-change impacts and adaptation strategies.

Published
2019

17. The chemical composition of martian soil and rocks returned by the mobil alpha proton x-ray spectrometer: preliminary results from the x-ray mode

Author

Rieder, R., Economou, T., Wanke, H., Turkevich, A., Crisp, J., Bruckner, J., Dreibus, G., and McSween, Jr., H.Y.

Subjects
Planets -- Natural history, Mars probes -- Observations, Mars (Planet) -- Natural history, Science and technology, Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement -- Observations
Abstract

The alpha proton x-ray spectrometer (APXS) on board the rover of the Mars Pathfinder mission measured the chemical composition of six soils and five rocks at the Ares Vallis landing [...]

Published
1997

18. Analysis of radiation damaged HPGe detectors with a new algorithm

Author

Koenen, M., Bruckner, J., Fabian, U., Kruse, H., Wanke, H., Schroeder, A.N.F., Starr, R., Evans, L.G., Trombka, J.I., Drake, D.M., Englert, P.A.J., and Dempsey, J.

Subjects
Radiation -- Equipment and supplies, Algorithms -- Usage, Detectors -- Maintenance and repair, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

After being irradiated by high-energy protons, the energy resolution of HPGe detectors degrade extensively. Resulting line shapes depend mostly on detector geometry and doping type. To improve the analysis of measured gamma-ray spectra of HPGe detectors, new algorithms were developed. Since trapping in radiation damaged HPGe detectors is predominantly hole trapping, the full energy peak is the integration of absorption events produced within the detector at various distances from the positive contact. Implementing that information into fit algorithms, peaks produced by detectors irradiated with 6[multiplied by][10.sup.8] protons/[cm.sup.2] could be analyzed. The tailing structure at the low energy side was included in the algorithm. Analog algorithms were successfully applied to damaged coaxial detectors of either doping type. Using these algorithms, it was possible to evaluate transients in damaged detectors after having been exposed to room temperature. Also, the development of tail broadening could be examined.

Published
1996

19. Observed controls on resilience of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Cuthbert, M.O., Taylor, R.G., Favreau, G., Todd, M.C., Shamsudduha, M., Villholth, K.G., MacDonald, A.M., Scanlon, B.R., Kotchoni, D.O.V., Vouillamoz, J.-M., Lawson, F.M.A., Adjomayi, P.A., Kashaigili, J., Seddon, D., Sorensen, J.R., Ebrahim, G.Y., Owor, M., Nyenje, P.M., Nazoumou, Y., Goni, I., Ousmane, B.I., Sibanda, T., Ascott, M.J., Macdonald, D.M.J., Agyekum, W., Koussoubé, Y., Wanke, H., Kim, H., Wada, Y., Lo, M.-H., Oki, T., Kukuric, N., Cuthbert, M.O., Taylor, R.G., Favreau, G., Todd, M.C., Shamsudduha, M., Villholth, K.G., MacDonald, A.M., Scanlon, B.R., Kotchoni, D.O.V., Vouillamoz, J.-M., Lawson, F.M.A., Adjomayi, P.A., Kashaigili, J., Seddon, D., Sorensen, J.R., Ebrahim, G.Y., Owor, M., Nyenje, P.M., Nazoumou, Y., Goni, I., Ousmane, B.I., Sibanda, T., Ascott, M.J., Macdonald, D.M.J., Agyekum, W., Koussoubé, Y., Wanke, H., Kim, H., Wada, Y., Lo, M.-H., Oki, T., and Kukuric, N.

Abstract

Groundwater in sub-Saharan Africa supports livelihoods and poverty alleviation, maintains vital ecosystems, and strongly influences terrestrial water and energy budgets. Yet the hydrological processes that govern groundwater recharge and sustainability—and their sensitivity to climatic variability—are poorly constrained. Given the absence of firm observational constraints, it remains to be seen whether model-based projections of decreased water resources in dry parts of the region are justified. Here we show, through analysis of multidecadal groundwater hydrographs across sub-Saharan Africa, that levels of aridity dictate the predominant recharge processes, whereas local hydrogeology influences the type and sensitivity of precipitation–recharge relationships. Recharge in some humid locations varies by as little as five per cent (by coefficient of variation) across a wide range of annual precipitation values. Other regions, by contrast, show roughly linear precipitation–recharge relationships, with precipitation thresholds (of roughly ten millimetres or less per day) governing the initiation of recharge. These thresholds tend to rise as aridity increases, and recharge in drylands is more episodic and increasingly dominated by focused recharge through losses from ephemeral overland flows. Extreme annual recharge is commonly associated with intense rainfall and flooding events, themselves often driven by large-scale climate controls. Intense precipitation, even during years of lower overall precipitation, produces some of the largest years of recharge in some dry subtropical locations. Our results therefore challenge the ‘high certainty’ consensus regarding decreasing water resources4 in such regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The potential resilience of groundwater to climate variability in many areas that is revealed by these precipitation–recharge relationships is essential for informing reliable predictions of climate-change impacts and adaptation strategies.

Published
2019

20. Two Years of Chemical Sampling on Meridiani Planum by the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer Onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity

Author

Bruckner, J, Gellert, R, Clark, B.C, Dreibus, G, Rieder, R, Wanke, H, d'Uston, C, Economou, T, Klingelhofer, G, Lugmair, G, Ming, D.W, Squyres, S.W, Yen, A, and Zipfel, J

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

For over two terrestrial years, the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has been exploring the martian surface at Meridiani Planum using the Athena instrument payload [1], including the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS). The APXS has a small sensor head that is mounted on the robotic arm of the rover. The chemistry, mineralogy and morphology of selected samples were investigated by the APXS along with the Moessbauer Spectrometer (MB) and the Microscopic Imager (MI). The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) provided the possibility to dust and/or abrade rock surfaces down to several millimeters to expose fresh material for analysis. We report here on APXS data gathered along the nearly 6-kilometers long traverse in craters and plains of Meridiani.

Published
2006

21. Chemical Diversity along the Traverse of the Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater

Author

Gellert, R, Brueckner, J, Clark, B. C, Dreibus, G, d'Uston, C, Economou, T, Klingelhoefer, G, Lugmair, G, Ming, D. W, Morris, R. V, Rieder, R, Squyres, S. W, Wanke, H, Yen, A, and Zipfel, J

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Alpha-Particle-X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) is part of the in situ payload of the Mars Exploration Rovers. It has determined the chemical composition of soils and rocks along the nearly 6 km long traverse of the rover Spirit. The measuring method a combination of PIXE and XRF using Cm244 sources - allowed the unambiguous identification of elemental compositions with high precision. Besides sample triage and quantification of saltforming elements as indicators for aqueous alteration, the APXS also delivered important constraints to mineralogy intruments (i.e., Mossbauer (MB), MiniTES, Pancam) on minerals and rock types. The mineralogy instruments on the other hand provided constraints on minerals used for APXS normative calculations and, e.g. allowed the attribution of S to sulfate, instead of sulfide or elemental sulfur. This abstract gives an updated overview of the data obtained up to our current rover position on sol 720 at the eastern base of the Columbia Hills. We will emphasize elemental correlations that imply the presence of certain minerals that can not be identified by the MER mineralogy instruments.

Published
2006

22. Radiation damage in large-volume n- and p- type high-purity germanium detectors irradiated by 1.5 GeV protons

Author

Koenen, M., Bruckner, J., Korfer, M., Taylor, I., and Wanke, H.

Subjects
Semiconductor nuclear counters -- Evaluation, Spectroscope -- Evaluation, Semiconductors, Effect of radiation on -- Analysis, Gamma ray spectrometry -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Excellent energy resolution makes germanium detectors prime candidates for gamma-ray spectroscopy in space missions. We present a study of several large-volume n-type and p-type high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors that were damaged by 1.5 GeV protons and examine their performance as function of fluence, operating and anneal temperature, and time. n-type detectors exhibit essential advantages for space applications over p-type detectors. Annealing at about 110 K for both detector types was observed as well as resolution transients up to 134 K. We discuss the observed radiation effects with respect to existing models and show their limitations.

Published
1995

23. Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission: Launch Through Landing, Surface Operations, Data Sets, and Science Results

Author

Wilson, G, Ward, W, Wanke, H, Vaughan, R. M, Tomasko, M. G, Thomas, N, Sullivan, R, Stoker, C, Spencer, D. A, Soderblom, L. A, Smith, P. H, Singer, R, Seiff, A, Schofield, J. T, Rivellini, T. P, Rieder, R, Parker, T. J, Murphy, J. R, Murchie, S. L, Moore, H. J, McSween, H. Y. Jr, Matijevic, J, Manning, R. M, Malin, M. C, Maki, J. N, Magalhaes, J. A, Madsen, M. B, Lemmon, M, Larsen, S, Knudsen, J. M, Kirk, R. L, Keller, H. U, Kallemeyn, P. H, Johnson, J. R, Jaumann, R, Hviid, S. F, Herkenhoff, K. E, Haldemann, A. F. C, Harris, J. A, Hargraves, R. B, Haberle, R. M, Greeley, R, Folkner, W. M, Economou, T, Crisp, J, Crisp, D, Cook, R. A, Brucker, J, Britt, D. T, Bridges, N. T, Bell, J. F. III, Barnes, J. R, and Anderson, R. C

Abstract

Mars pathfinder successfully landed at Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997 and returned 2.3 Gbits of information during 3 months of surface operations of a lander, rover, three science instruments, engineering sensors and technology experiments.

Published
1998

24. Chemical, Multispectral, and Textural Constraints on the Composition and Origin of Rocks at the Mars Pathfinder Landing Site

Author

Wanke, H, Singer, R, Rieder, R, Parker, T. J, Morris, R. V, Moore, H. J, Johnson, J. R, Greenwood, J. P, Golombek, M. P, Ghosh, A, Economou, T, Dreibus, G, Bruckner, J, Britt, D. T, Anderson, R. C, Bridges, N. T, Crisp, J. A, Murchie, S. L, and McSween, H. Y

Abstract

Although rocks of andesitic composition at the Pathfinder site may represent samples of ancient Martian crust, inferences drawn about a necessary role for water or plate tectonics in their petrogenesis are probably unwarranted.

Published
1998

26. Os isotopes in SNC meteorites and their implications to the early evolution of Mars and Earth

Author

Jagoutz, E, Luck, J. M, Othman, D. Ben, and Wanke, H

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A new development on the measurement of the Os isotopic composition by mass spectrometry using negative ions opened a new field of applications. The Re-Os systematic provides time information on the differentiation of the nobel metals. The nobel metals are strongly partitioned into metal and sulphide phases, but also the generation of silicate melts might fractionate the Re-Os system. Compared to the other isotopic systems which are mainly dating the fractionation of the alkalis and alkali-earth elements, the Re-Os system is expected to disclose entirely new information about the geochemistry. Especially the differentiation and early evolution of the planets such as the formation of the core will be elucidated with this method.

Published
1993

27. Martian volatiles determined using the Mars observer gamma ray spectrometer

Author

Feldman, W. C, Boynton, W. V, Trombka, J. I, Arnold, J. R, Englert, P. A. J, Metzger, A. E, Reedy, R. C, Squyres, S. W, and Wanke, H

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

The relative abundances of H2O and CO2 and their latitude, longitude, and depth profiles on Mars sensitively reflect, as well as help control, past and present Martian climate patterns. Seasonal variations of their distributions at high latitudes also reflect and help control global weather patterns and erosion through surface weathering. A combined analysis of gamma ray line and neutron flux maps constructed from data measured using the Mars Observer Gamma Ray Spectrometer (MOGRS) should allow a determination of seasonal changes in both the horizontal and vertical structure of CO2 ice that covers the north polar cap during winter and the south polar cap throughout the year and both the horizontal and vertical structure of residual H2O ice within the top meter of the surface that was predicted from Viking observations to exist primarily at high latitudes. Particularly important in this regard will be maps of thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes measured using the MOGRS anticoincidence shield, the intensity of the hydrogen, neutron capture gamma ray line at 2.223 MeV, the intensity of a capture gamma ray line as 1.725 MeV from iron, and the intensity of an inelastic scatter gamma ray line as 1.779 MeV from silicon.

Published
1992

31. Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance

Author

Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Buskulic, D, Bonis, De, Decamp, I, Ghez, D, Goy, P, Jezequel, C, Lees, S, Lucotte, Jp, Martin, A, Merle, F, Minard, E, Nief, Mn, Odier, Jy, Pietrzyk, P, Trocme, B, Bravo, B, Casado, S, Chmeissani, Mp, Comas, M, Crespo, P, Fernandez, Jm, E, Fernandez, Bosman, Garrido, M, Grauges, L, Juste, E, Martinez, A, Merino, M, Miquel, G, Mir, R, Orteu, Lm, Pacheco, S, Park, A, Perlas, Ic, Riu, J, Ruiz, I, Sanchez, H, Colaleo, F, Creanza, A, D, Filippis, De, N, Palma, De, Iaselli, M, Maggi, G, Nuzzo, M, Ranieri, S, Raso, A, Ruggieri, G, Selvaggi, F, Silvestris, G, Tempesta, L, Tricomi, P, Zito, A, Huang, G, Lin, X, Ouyang, J, Wang, Q, Xie, T, Xu, Y, Xue, R, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Abbaneo, W, Bazarko, D, Becker, A, Boix, U, Bird, G, Blucher, F, Bonvicini, E, B, Bright, Thomas, Barklow, P, Buchmuller, T, Cattaneo, O, Cerutti, M, Ciulli, F, Clerbaux, V, Drevermann, B, Forty, H, Frank, Rw, Greening, M, Hagelberg, Tc, Halley, R, Gianotti, Aw, Girone, F, Hansen, M, Harvey, Jb, Jacobsen, J, Hutchcroft, R, Janot, De, Jost, R, Knobloch, B, Kado, J, Lehraus, M, Lazeyras, I, Maley, P, Mato, R, May, P, Moutussi, J, A, Pepe, Altarelli, Ranjard, M, Rolandi, F, Schlatter, L, Schmitt, D, Schneider, B, Tejessy, O, Teubert, W, Tomalin, F, Tournefier, Ir, Veenhof, E, Valassi, R, Wiedenmann, A, Wright, W, Ajaltouni, Ae, Badaud, Z, Chazelle, F, Deschamps, G, Dessagne, O, Falvard, S, Ferdi, A, Fayolle, C, Gay, D, Guicheney, P, Henrard, C, Jousset, P, Michel, J, Monteil, B, Montret, S, Pallin, Jc, Pascolo, D, Perret, Jm, Podlyski, P, Bertelsen, F, Fernley, H, Hansen, T, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Kraan, Ph, Lindahl, Ac, Mollerud, A, Nilsson, R, Rensch, Bs, Waananen, B, Daskalakis, A, Kyriakis, G, Markou, A, Simopoulou, C, Siotis, E, Vayaki, I, Zachariadou, A, Blondel, K, Bonneaud, A, Brient, G, Machefert, Jc, Rouge, E, Rumpf, A, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, M, Verderi, R, Videau, M, Focardi, H, Parrini, E, Corden, G, Georgiopoulos, M, Antonelli, C, Antonelli, A, Bencivenni, M, Bologna, G, Bossi, G, Campana, F, Capon, P, Chiarella, G, Felici, V, Laurelli, G, Mannocchi, P, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, Gp, Picchi, L, Colrain, P, P, Ten, Have, Hughes, I, Kennedy, Is, Knowles, J, Lynch, Ig, Morton, Jg, Negus, Wt, Oshea, P., Raine, V, Reeves, C, Scarr, P, Smith, Jm, Thompson, K., Turnbull, As, Wasserbaech, Rm, Cavanaugh, S, Dhamotharan, R, Geweniger, S, Hanke, C, Hansper, P, Hepp, G, Kluge, V, Putzer, Ee, Sommer, A, Stenzel, J, Tittel, H, Werner, K, Wunsch, W, Beuselinck, M, Binnie, R, Cameron, Dm, Davies, W, Dornan, G, Goodsir, Pj, Marinelli, S, Martin, N, Nash, Eb, Nowell, J, Rutherford, J, Sedgbeer, Sa, Thompson, Jk, White, Jc, Williams, R, Ghete, Md, Girtler, Vm, Kneringer, P, Kuhn, E, Rudolph, D, G, Bouhova, Thacker, Bowdery, E, Buck, Ck, Clarke, Pg, Ellis, Dp, Finch, G, Foster, Aj, Hughes, F, Jones, G, Rwl, Keemer, Pearson, Nr, Robertson, Mr, Sloan, Na, Smizanska, T, Snow, M, Williams, Sw, van der Aa, Delaere, O, Leibenguth, C, Lemaitre, G, Bauerdick, V, Lat, Blumenschein, U, Van, Gemmeren, Giehl, P, Holldorfer, I, Jakobs, F, Kasemann, K, Kayser, M, Kleinknecht, F, Muller, K, Quast, As, Renk, G, Rohne, B, Sander, E, Schmeling, Hg, Wachsmuth, S, Wanke, H, Zeitnitz, R, Ziegler, C, Aubert, T, Benchouk, Jj, Bonissent, C, Carr, A, Coyle, J, Curtil, P, Ealet, C, Etienne, A, Fouchez, F, Motsch, D, Payre, F, Rousseau, P, Tilquin, D, Talby, A, Thulasides, M, Aleppo, M, Ragusa, M, Buscher, F, David, V, Dietl, A, Ganis, H, Huttmann, G, Lutjens, K, Mannert, G, Manner, C, Moser, W, Settles, Hg, Seywerd, R, Villegas, H, Wolf, M, Azzurri, G, Boucrot, P, Callot, J, Chen, O, Cordier, S, Davier, A, Duflot, M, Grivaz, L, Heusse, Jf, Jacholkowska, P, Diberder, Le, Lefrancois, F, Mutz, J, Schune, Am, Serin, Mh, Veillet, L, Videau, Jj, Zerwas, I, Bagliesi, D, Bettarini, G, Boccali, S, Bozzi, T, Calderini, C, Dellorso, G, Fantechi, R, Ferrante, R, Fidecaro, I, Foa, F, Giammanco, L, Giassi, A, Gregorio, A, Ligabue, A, Lusiani, F, Marrocchesi, PIER SIMONE, Messineo, Ps, Palla, A, Rizzo, F, Sanguinetti, G, Sciaba, G, Sguazzoni, A, Spagnolo, G, Steinberger, P, Tenchini, J, Venturi, R, Vannini, A, Verdini, C, Awunor, Pg, Blair, O, Cowan, Ga, Garcia, Bellido, Green, A, Medcalf, Mg, Misiejuk, T, Strong, A, Teixeira, Dias, Botterill, P, Clifft, Dr, Edgecock, Rw, Edwards, Tr, Haywood, M, Norton, Sj, Ward, Pr, Bloch, Devaux, Boumediene, B, Colas, D, Emery, P, Fabbro, S, Kozanecki, B, Lancon, W, Lemaire, E, Locci, Mc, Perez, E, Rander, P, Renardy, J, Roussarie, Jf, Schuller, A, Schwindling, Jp, Tuchming, J, Vallage, B, Black, B, Dann, Sn, Kim, Jh, Konstantinidis, Hy, Litke, N, Mcneil, Am, Taylor, Ma, Booth, G, Cartwright, Cn, Combley, S, Hodgson, F, Lehto, Pn, Thompson, M, Affholderbach, Lf, Barberio, K, Bohrer, E, Brandt, A, Burkhardt, S, Feigl, H, Grupen, E, Hess, C, Lutters, J, Meinhard, G, H, Minguet, Rodriguez, Mirabito, J, Neugebauer, L, Ngac, E, Prange, A, Rivera, G, Saraiva, F, Schafer, P, Sieler, U, Smolik, U, Stephan, L, Trier, F, Apollonio, H, Borean, M, Bosisio, C, L, Della, Marina, Giannini, R, Gobbo, G, Musolino, B, Pitis, G, He, L, Kim, H, Putz, H, Rothberg, J, Armstrong, J, Bellantoni, Sr, Berkelman, L, Cinabro, K, Conway, D, Cranmer, Js, Elmer, K, Feng, P, Ferguson, Z, Dps, Gao, Gonzalez, Y, Grahl, S, Harton, J, Hayes, Jl, Hu, Oj, Jin, H, Johnson, S, Kile, Rp, Mcnamara, J, Nielsen, Pa, Orejudos, J, Pan, W, Saadi, Y, Scott, Y, Sharma, Ij, Walsh, V, Walsh, Am, Wear, J, J, von Wimmersperg Toeller, Wu, Jh, Wu, J, Wu, Sl, Yamartino, X, Zobernig, Jm, Dissertori, G, Abdallah, G, Abreu, J, Adam, P, Adye, W, Adzic, T, Ajinenko, P, Albrecht, I, Alderweireld, T, Alekseev, T, Alemany, Fernandez, Allmendinger, R, Allport, T, Almehed, Pp, Amaldi, S, Amapane, U, Amato, N, Anashkin, S, Anassontzis, E, Andersson, Eg, Andreazza, P, Andringa, A, Anjos, S, Antilous, N, Apel, P, Arnoud, Wd, Ask, Y, Asman, S, Augustin, B, Augustinus, Je, Baillon, A, Ballestrero, P, Bambade, A, Barao, P, Barbiellini, F, Barbier, G, Bardin, R, Barker, D, Baroncelli, G, Battaglia, A, Baubillier, M, Becks, M, Begalli, Kh, Behrmann, M, Beilliere, A, Belokopytov, P, Belous, Y, K, Ben, Haim, Benekos, E, Benvenuti, N, Berat, A, Berggren, C, Berntzon, M, Bertini, L, Bertrand, D, Besancon, D, Besson, M, Bianchi, N, Bigi, F, Bilenky, M, Bizouard, Ms, Bloch, Ma, Blom, D, Bluj, M, Bonesini, M, Bonivento, M, Boonekamp, W, Booth, M, Psl, Borgland, Borisov, Aw, Bosio, G, Botner, C, Boudinov, O, Bouquet, E, Bourdarios, B, Bowcock, C, Tjv, Boyko, Bozovic, I, Bozzo, I, Bracko, M, Branchini, M, Brenke, P, Brenner, T, Brodet, R, Bruckman, E, Brunet, P, Bugge, Jm, Buran, L, Burgsmueller, T, Buschbeck, T, Buschmann, B, Cabrera, P, Caccia, S, Calvi, M, Rozas, M, Ajc, Camporesi, Canale, T, Canepa, V, Carena, M, Carroll, F, Caso, L, Gimenez, C, Mvc, Castro, Cattai, N, Cavallo, A, Cerruti, F, Chabaud, C, Chapkin, V, Charpentier, M, Chaussard, P, Checchia, L, Chelkov, P, Chen, Ga, Chierici, M, Chliapnikov, R, Chochula, R, Chorowicz, P, Chudoba, V, Chung, J, Cieslik, Su, Collins, K, Colomer, P, Contri, M, Cortina, R, Cosme, E, Cossuti, G, Costa, F, Cowell, Mj, Crawley, Jh, Crennell, Hb, Crepe, D, Crosetti, S, Cuevas, G, Czellar, J, Dhondt, S, Dalmagne, J, Dalmau, B, Damgaard, J, Davenport, G, M, Silva, Da, T, Deghorain, W, Della, Ricca, Delpierre, G, Demaria, P, Angelis, De, Boer, De, W, Brabandere, De, S, Clercq, De, C, Lotto, De, Maria, De, Min, De, Paula, De, Dijkstra, L, Ciaccio, Di, Diodato, Di, Simone, Di, Djannati, A, Dolbeau, A, Doroba, J, Dracos, K, Drees, M, Drees, J, Dris, Ka, Duperrin, M, Durand, A, Ehret, Jd, Eigen, R, Ekelof, G, Ekspong, T, Ellert, G, Elsing, M, Engel, M, Erzen, Jp, Santo, B, Mce, Falk, Fanourakis, E, Fassouliotis, G, Fayot, D, Feindt, J, Fenyuk, M, Fernandez, A, Ferrari, J, Ferrer, P, Ferrer, Ribas, Ferro, E, Fichet, F, Firestone, S, Fischer, A, Flagmeyer, Pa, Foeth, U, Fokitis, H, Fontanelli, E, Franek, F, Frodesen, B, Fruhwirth, Ag, R, Fulda, Quenzer, Fuster, F, Galloni, J, Gamba, A, Gamblin, D, Gandelman, S, Garcia, M, Garcia, C, Gaspar, J, Gaspar, C, Gasparini, M, Gavillet, U, Gazis, P, Gele, E, Gerber, D, Gerdyukov, Jp, Ghodbane, L, Gil, N, Glege, I, Gokieli, F, Golob, R, Gomez, Ceballos, Goncalves, G, Caballero, P, Gopal, Ig, Gorn, G, Gorski, L, Gouz, M, Gracco, Y, Graziani, V, Green, E, Grefrath, C, Grimm, A, Gris, Hj, Grosdidier, P, Grzelak, G, Gunther, K, Guy, M, Haag, J, Hahn, C, Hahn, F, Hallgren, S, Hamacher, A, Hamilton, K, Hansen, K, Harris, J, Haug, Fj, Hauler, S, Hedberg, F, Heising, V, Hennecke, S, Henriques, M, Hernandez, R, Herquet, Jj, Herr, P, Hessing, H, Heuser, Tl, Higon, Jm, Hoffman, E, Holmgren, J, Holt, So, Holthuizen, Pj, Hoorelbeke, D, Houlden, S, Hrubec, Ma, Huber, J, Huet, M, Hughes, K, Hultqvist, Gj, Jackson, K, Jacobsson, Jn, Jalocha, R, Janik, P, Jarlskog, R, Jarlskog, C, Jarry, G, Jean, Marie, Jeans, B, Johansson, D, Johansson, Ek, Jonsson, Pd, Joram, P, Juillot, C, Jungermann, P, Kapusta, L, Karafasoulis, F, Katsanevas, K, Katsoufis, S, Keranen, E, Kernel, R, Kersevan, G, Kerzel, Bp, Khomenko, U, Khovanski, Ba, Kiiskinen, Nn, King, A, Kinvig, Bt, Kjaer, A, Klapp, Nj, Klein, O, Kluit, H, Knoblauch, P, Kokkinias, D, Konopliannikov, P, Koratzinos, A, Kostioukhine, M, Kourkoumelis, V, Kouznetsov, C, Krammer, O, Kreuter, M, Kriznic, C, Krstic, E, Krumstein, J, Kubinec, Z, Kucewicz, P, Kucharczyk, W, Kurowska, M, Kurvinen, J, Lamsa, K, Lanceri, J, Lane, L, Langefeld, Dw, Lapin, P, Laugier, V, Lauhakangas, Jp, Leder, R, Ledroit, G, Lefebure, F, Leinonen, V, Leisos, L, Leitner, A, Lemonne, R, Lenzen, J, Lepeltier, G, Lesiak, V, Lethuillier, T, Libby, M, Liebig, J, Liko, W, Lipniacka, D, Lippi, A, Loerstad, I, Lokajicek, B, Loken, M, Lopes, Jg, Lopez, Jh, Lopez, Femandez, Loukas, R, Lutz, D, Lyons, P, Macnaughton, L, Mahon, J, Maio, Jr, Malek, A, Malmgren, A, Tgm, Maltezos, Malychev, S, Mandl, V, Marco, F, Marco, J, Marechal, R, Margoni, B, Marin, M, Mariotti, Jc, Markou, C, Martinez, Rivero, Martinez, Vidal, Garcia, F, Smi, Masik, Mastroyiannopoulos, J, Matorras, N, Matteuzzi, F, Matthiae, C, Mazik, G, Mazzucato, J, Mazzucato, F, Mccubbin, M, Mckay, M, Mcnulty, R, Meroni, R, Meyer, C, Miagkov, Wt, Migliore, A, Mitaroff, E, Mjoernmark, W, Moa, U, Moch, T, Moeller, M, Moenig, R, Monge, K, Montenegro, R, Moraes, J, Moreau, D, Moreno, X, Morettini, S, Morton, P, Mueller, G, Muenich, U, Mulders, K, Mulet, Marquis, Mundim, C, Muresan, L, Murray, R, Muryn, W, Myatt, B, Myklebust, G, Naraghi, T, Nassiakou, F, Navarria, M, Navas, F, Nawrocki, S, Negri, K, Neufeld, P, Neumann, N, Neumeister, W, Nicolaidou, N, Nielsen, R, Nieuwenhuizen, Bs, Niezurawski, M, Nikolaenko, P, Nikolenko, V, Nomokonov, M, Normand, V, Nygren, A, Oblakowska, Mucha, Obraztsov, A, Olshevski, V, Onofre, A, Orava, A, Orazi, R, Osterberg, G, Ouraou, K, Oyanguren, A, Paganini, A, Paganoni, P, Paiano, M, Pain, S, Paiva, R, Palacios, R, Palka, Jp, Papadopoulou, H, Papageorgiou, Td, Pape, K, Parkes, L, Parodi, C., Parzefall, F, Passeri, U, Passon, A, Pavel, O, Pegoraro, T, Peralta, M, Perepelitsa, L, Pernicka, V, Perrotta, M, Petridou, A, Petrolini, C, Philips, A, Piana, Ht, Piedra, G, Pieri, J, Pierre, L, Pimenta, F, Piotto, M, Podobnik, E, Poireau, T, Pol, V, Polok, Me, Polycarpo, G, Poropat, E, Pozdniakov, P, Privitera, V, Pukhaeva, R, Pullia, N, Radojicic, A, Ragazzi, D, Rahmani, S, Rakoczy, H, Rames, D, Ramler, J, Ratoff, L, Read, Pn, Rebecchi, A, Redaelli, P, Regler, Ng, Rehn, M, Reid, J, Reinhardt, D, Renton, R, Resvanis, P, Richard, Lk, Ridky, F, Rinaudo, J, Ripp, Baudot, Rivero, I, Rodriguez, M, Rohne, D, Romero, O, Ronchese, A, Rosenberg, P, Rosinsky, Ei, Roudeau, P, Rovelli, R, Royon, T, Ruhlmann, Kleider, Ruiz, V, Ryabtchikov, A, Saarikko, D, Sacquin, H, Sadovsky, Y, Sajot, A, Salmi, G, Salt, L, Sampsonidis, J, Sannino, D, Savoy, Navarro, Scheidle, A, Schneider, T, Schwemling, H, Schwering, P, Schwickerath, B, Schyns, U, Mae, Scuri, Seager, F, Sedykh, P, Segar, Y, Seibert, A, Sekulin, N, Shellard, R, Sheridan, Rc, Siebel, A, Silvestre, M, Simard, R, Simonetto, L, Sisakian, F, Skaali, A, Smadja, Tb, Smirnov, G, Smirnova, N, Smith, O, Sokolov, Gr, Sopczak, A, Sosnowski, A, Spassov, R, Spiriti, T, Sponholz, E, Squarcia, P, Stampfer, S, Stanescu, D, Stanic, C, Stanitzki, S, Stapnes, M, Stevenson, S, Stocchi, K, Strauss, A, Strub, J, Stugu, R, Szczekowski, B, Szeptycka, M, Szumlak, M, Tabarelli, T, Taffard, T, Tegenfeldt, Ac, Terranova, F, Thomas, F, Timmermans, J, Tinti, J, Tkatchev, N, Tobin, L, Todorov, M, Todorovova, T, Toet, S, Tomaradze, Dz, Tome, A, Tonazzo, B, Tortora, A, Tortosa, L, Transtromer, P, Travnicek, G, Treille, P, Tristram, D, Trochimczuk, G, Trombini, M, Troncon, A, Tsirou, C, Turluer, A, Tyapkin, Ml, Tyapkin, Ia, Tzamarias, P, Ullaland, S, Uvarov, O, Valenti, V, Vallazza, G, Vander, Velde, Van, Apeldoorn, Van, Dam, Van den Boeck, Van, Doninck, Van, Eldik, Van, Lysebetten, Van, Remortel, Van, Vulpen, Vassilopoulos, I, Vegni, N, Velos, G, Ventura, F, Venus, L, Verbeure, W, Verdier, F, Verlato, P, Vertogradov, M, Verzi, Ls, Vilanova, V, Vitale, D, Vlasov, L, Vodopyanov, E, Vollmer, As, Voulgaris, C, Vrba, G, Wahlen, V, Walck, H, Washbrook, C, Weiser, Aj, Wetherell, C, Wicke, Am, Wickens, D, Wilkinson, J, Winter, G, Witek, M, Wlodek, M, Yi, T, Yushchenko, J, Zaitsev, O, Zalewska, A, Zalewski, A, Zavrtanik, P, Zevgolatakos, D, Zhuravlov, E, Zimin, V, Zintchenko, Ni, Zoller, A, Zucchelli, P, Zumerle, Gc, Zupan, G, Acciarri, M, Achard, M, Adriani, P, O, Aguilar, Benitez, Alcaraz, M, Alemanni, J, Allaby, G, Aloisio, J, Alviggi, A, Ambrosi, Mg, Anderhub, G, Andreev, H, Angelescu, Vp, Anselmo, T, Arefiev, F, Azemoon, A, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, T, Bajo, P, Baksay, A, Baksay, G, Balandras, L, Baldew, A, Ball, Sv, Banerjee, Rc, Barczyk, S, Barillere, A, Barone, R, Bartalini, L, Basile, P, Batalova, M, Battiston, N, Bay, R, Becattini, A, Behner, F, Bellucci, F, Berbeco, L, Berdugo, R, Berges, J, Bertucci, P, Betev, B, Bhattacharya, Bl, Biasini, S, Biglietti, M, Biland, M, Blaising, A, Blyth, Jj, Bobbink, Sc, Bohm, Bj, Boldizsar, A, Borgia, L, Bottai, B, Bourilkov, S, Bourquin, D, Braccini, M, Branson, S, Brigljevic, Jg, Brochu, V, Brock, F, Buffini, Ic, Buijs, A, Burger, A, Burger, Jd, Button, Wj, Cai, A, Campanelli, Xd, Capell, M, Romeo, M, Carlino, Gc, Cartacci, G, Casaus, A, Castellini, J, Cavallari, G, Cavallo, E, Cecchi, N, Cerrada, C, Cesaroni, M, Chamizo, F, Chang, M, Chaturvedi, Yh, Chemarin, Uk, Chen, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, Gm, Chen, Hf, Chiefari, Hs, Cifarelli, G, Cindolo, L, Civinini, F, Clare, C, Clare, I, Coignet, R, Colijn, G, Colino, Ap, Costantini, N, Cotorobai, S, Cozzoni, F, de la Cruz, Csilling, B, Cucciarelli, A, Dai, S, Van, Dalen, Dalessandro, Ja, Asmundis, De, Debreczeni, R, Deglon, J, Degre, P, Dehmelt, P, Deiters, K, Della, Volpe, Delmeire, D, Denes, E, Denotaristefani, P, F, Salvo, De, Diemoz, A, Dierckxsens, M, Van, Dierendonck, Lodovico, Di, Dionisi, F, Dittmar, C, Dominguez, M, Doria, A, Dova, A, Duchesneau, Mt, Dufournaud, D, Duda, D, Duinker, M, Duran, P, Dutta, I, Echenard, S, Eline, B, Hage, El, Mamouni, El, Engler, H, Eppling, A, Erne, Fj, Extermann, Fc, Fabre, P, Faccini, M, Falagan, R, Falciano, Ma, Favara, S, Fay, A, Fedin, J, Felcini, O, Ferguson, M, Ferroni, T, Fesefeldt, F, Fiandrini, H, Field, E, Filthaut, Jh, Fisher, F, Fisher, Ph, Fisk, W, Forconi, I, Fredj, G, Freudenreich, L, Furetta, K, Galaktionov, C, Ganguli, Y, Garcia, Abia, Gataullin, P, Gau, M, Gentile, Ss, Gheordanescu, S, Giagu, N, Gong, S, Grenier, Zf, Grimm, G, Gruenewald, O, Guida, Mw, Van, Gulik, Van, Gupta, Gurtu, Vk, Gutay, A, Haas, Lj, Hasan, D, Hatzifotiadou, A, Hebbeker, D, Herve, T, Hidas, A, Hirschfelder, P, Hofer, J, Hohlmann, H, Holzner, M, Hoorani, G, Hou, H, Lashvili, Sr, Innocente, I, Jin, V, Jindal, Bn, Jones, P, Dejong, Lw, Josa, Mutuberria, Khan, I, Kaur, Ra, Kienzle, Focacci, Kim, Mn, Kim, D, Kirkby, Jk, Kiss, J, Kittel, D, Klimentov, W, Konig, A, Koffeman, Ac, Kopal, E, Kopp, M, Koutsenko, A, Kraber, V, Kraemer, M, Krenz, Rw, Kruger, W, Kuijten, A, Kunin, H, Guevara, De, Laktineh, Pl, Landi, I, Lassila, Perini, Lebeau, K, Lebedev, M, Lebrun, A, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Coultre, Le, Lee, P, Goff, Le, Leiste, Jm, Leonardi, R, Levtchenko, E, Levtchenko, M, Li, P, Likhoded, C, Lin, S, Lin, Ch, Linde, Wt, Lista, Fl, Liu, L, Lohmann, Za, Longo, W, Lu, E, Lu, Ys, Lubelsmeyer, W, Luci, K, Luckey, C, Luminari, D, Lugnier, L, Lustermann, L, Ma, W, Maity, Wg, Malgeri, M, Malinin, L, Mana, A, Mangeol, C, Mans, D, Marchesini, J, Marian, P, Martin, G, Marzano, Jp, Massaro, F, Ggg, Mazumdar, Mcneil, K, Mele, Rr, Merola, S, Merk, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, M, von der Mey, Mihul, M, Milcent, A, Mirabelli, H, Mnich, G, Mohanty, J, Molnar, Gb, Monteleoni, P, Moulik, B, Muanza, T, Muheim, Gs, Muijs, F, Ajm, Musicar, Musy, B, Nagy, M, Natale, S, Napolitano, S, Nessi, Tedaldi, Newman, F, Niessen, H, Nisati, T, Novak, A, Nowak, I, Ofierzynski, H, Organtini, R, Oulianov, G, Pal, A, 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Thaler, Fe, Thom, Jj, Trandafir, J, Turk, Ai, Usher, Jd, Vavra, T, Vella, J, Venuti, E, Verdier, Jp, Wagner, R, Waite, Sr, Walston, Ap, Wang, S, Watts, J, Weidemann, Sj, Weiss, Aw, Whitaker, Er, White, Js, Wickens, Sl, Williams, Fj, Williams, Da, Williams, Dc, Willocq, Sh, Wilson, S, Wisniewski, Rj, Wittlin, Wj, Woods, Jl, Word, M, Wright, Gb, Wyss, Tr, Yamamoto, J, Yang, Rk, Yashima, Xq, Yellin, J, Young, Sj, Yuta, Cc, Zapalac, H, Zdarko, G, Zeitlin, Rw, Zhou, C, Blondel, Alain, Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, S., Schael, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Giannini, Gianrossano, Gregorio, Anna, Lanceri, Livio, Poropat, Paolo, Vitale, Lorenzo, Buskulic, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Jezequel, S, Lees, J, Lucotte, A, Martin, F, Merle, E, Minard, M, Nief, J, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Trocme, B, Bravo, S, Casado, M, Chmeissani, M, Comas, P, Crespo, J, Fernandez, E, Fernandez Bosman, M, Garrido, L, Grauges, E, Juste, A, Martinez, M, Merino, G, Miquel, R, Mir, L, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Park, I, Perlas, J, Riu, I, Ruiz, H, Sanchez, F, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, De Palma, M, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Tricomi, A, Zito, G, Huang, X, Lin, J, Ouyang, Q, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Xue, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Abbaneo, D, Bazarko, A, Becker, U, Boix, G, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, B, Bright Thomas, P, Barklow, T, Buchmuller, O, Cattaneo, M, Cerutti, F, Ciulli, V, Clerbaux, B, Drevermann, H, Forty, R, Frank, M, Greening, T, Hagelberg, R, Halley, A, Gianotti, F, Girone, M, Hansen, J, Harvey, J, Jacobsen, R, Hutchcroft, D, Janot, R, Jost, B, Knobloch, J, Kado, M, Lehraus, I, Lazeyras, P, Maley, R, Mato, P, May, J, Moutussi, A, Pepe Altarelli, M, Ranjard, F, Rolandi, L, Schlatter, D, Schmitt, B, Schneider, O, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Tomalin, I, Tournefier, E, Veenhof, R, Valassi, A, Wiedenmann, W, Wright, A, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Chazelle, G, Deschamps, O, Dessagne, S, Falvard, A, Ferdi, C, Fayolle, D, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Monteil, S, Montret, J, Pallin, D, Pascolo, J, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Bertelsen, H, Fernley, T, Hansen, P, Kraan, A, Lindahl, A, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Rensch, B, Waananen, A, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Markou, C, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J, Machefert, E, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, R, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Antonelli, A, Antonelli, M, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, L, Picchi, P, Colrain, P, Ten Have, I, Hughes, I, Kennedy, J, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Negus, P, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, Reeves, P, Scarr, J, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Turnbull, R, Wasserbaech, S, Cavanaugh, R, Dhamotharan, S, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hansper, G, Hepp, V, Kluge, E, Putzer, A, Sommer, J, Stenzel, H, Tittel, K, Werner, W, Wunsch, M, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, D, Cameron, W, Davies, G, Dornan, P, Goodsir, S, Marinelli, N, Martin, E, Nash, J, Nowell, J, Rutherford, S, Sedgbeer, J, Thompson, J, White, R, Williams, M, Ghete, V, Girtler, P, Kneringer, E, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bouhova Thacker, E, Bowdery, C, Buck, P, Clarke, D, Ellis, G, Finch, A, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Jones, R, Keemer, N, Pearson, M, Robertson, N, Sloan, T, Smizanska, M, Snow, S, Van Der Aa, O, Delaere, C, Leibenguth, G, Lemaitre, V, Bauerdick, L, Blumenschein, U, Van Gemmeren, P, Giehl, I, Holldorfer, F, Jakobs, K, Kasemann, M, Kayser, F, Kleinknecht, K, Muller, A, Quast, G, Renk, B, Rohne, E, Sander, H, Schmeling, S, Wachsmuth, H, Wanke, R, Zeitnitz, C, Ziegler, T, Aubert, J, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Carr, J, 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Vandalen, Gj, Virtue, Cj, Vokurka, Eh, Vollmer, Cf, Wagner, Dl, Walker, Jp, Ward, Cp, Ward, Dr, Watkins, Pm, Watson, At, Watson, Nk, Whalley, Ma, Wilson, Ja, Wilson, Gw, Winterer, Vh, Wood, Nc, Wyatt, Tr, Zorn, Gt, Allen, Nj, Ash, Ww, Baird, Kg, Band, Hr, Barakat, Mb, Baranko, Gj, Barklow, Tl, Bashindzhagian, Gl, Bauer, Jm, Bazarko, Ao, Benvenuti, Ac, Bilei, Gm, Bower, Gr, Brau, Je, Bugg, Wm, Burnett, Th, Burrows, Pn, Caldwell, Do, Chadwick, Gb, Cohn, Ho, Coller, Ja, Convery, Mr, Cowan, Rf, Coyle, Pa, Coyne, Dg, Damerell, Cj, de Groot, N, de Sangro, R, Dervan, Pj, Dong, Dn, Du, Pyc, Eisenstein, Bi, Fernandez, Jp, Fero, Mj, Friedman, Ji, Garwin, El, Hallewell, Gd, Hart, El, Hitlin, Dg, Huffer, Me, Hughes, Ew, Izen, Jm, Jackson, Dj, Jaros, Ja, Jiang, Zy, Johnson, Jr, Johnson, Ra, Kamyshkov, Ya, Kang, Hj, Kelsey, Mh, Kendall, Hw, Kim, Yd, Krishna, Nm, Labs, Jf, Lauber, Ja, Leith, Dwg, Liu, Mx, Lynch, Hl, Markiewicz, Tw, Mcgowan, Jf, Mckemey, Ak, Meadows, Bt, Mockett, Pm, Moffeit, Kc, 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FINCKE- KEELER, H.M. FISCHER, I. FLECK, R. FOLMAN, D.G.FONG, M. FORD, M. FOUCHER, A. FREY, A. FURTJES, H. FUKUI, C. FUKUNAGA, D.I. FUTYAN, P. GAGNON, A. GAIDOT, O. GANEL, J.W. GARY, J. GASCON, S.M. GASCON-SHOTKIN, G. GAYCKEN, N.I. GEDDES, C. GEICH-GIMBEL, S.W. GENSLER, F.X. GENTIT, T. GERALIS, G. GIACOMELLI, P. GIACOMELLI, R. GIACOMELLI, V. GIBSON, W.R. GIBSON, J.D. GILLIES, D.M. GINGRICH, M. GIUNTA, D. GLENZINSKI, J. GOLDBERG, M.J. GOODRICK, W. GORN, K. GRAHAM, C. GRANDI, F.C. GRANT, E. GROSS, J. GRUNHAUS, M. GRUWE, P.O. GUNTHER, A. GUPTA, J. HAGEMANN, C. HAJDU, M. HAMANN, G.G. HANSON, M. HANSROUL, M. HAPKE, K. HARDER, A. HAREL, C.K. HARGROVE, M. HARIN-DIRAC, P.F. HARRISON, P.A. HART, C. HARTMANN, P.M. HATTERSLEY, M. HAUSCHILD, C.M. HAWKES, R. HAWKINGS, E. HEFLIN, R.J. HEMINGWAY, C. HENSEL, G. HERTEN, R.D. HEUER, J.C. HILL, S.J. HILLIER, T. HILSE, D.A. HINSHAW, C. HO, J. HOARE, J.D. HOBBS, P.R. HOBSON, D. HOCHMAN, A. HOCKER, K. HOFFMAN, B. HOLL, R.J. HOMER, A.K. HONMA, D. 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MCGOWAN, A.K. MCKEMEY, B.T. MEADOWS, R. MESSNER, P.M. MOCKETT, K.C. MOFFEIT, T.B. MOORE, M. MORII, B. MOURS, D. MULLER, G. MUELLER, V. MURZIN, T. NAGAMINE, S. NARITA, U. NAUENBERG, H. NEAL, G. NESOM, M. NUSSBAUM, Y. OHNISHI, N. OISHI, D. ONOPRIENKO, L.S. OSBORNE, R.S. PANVINI, C.H.PARK, H. PARK, T.J. PAVEL, I. PERUZZI, L. PESCARA, M. PICCOLO, L. PIEMONTESE, E. PIERONI, K.T. PITTS, R.J. PLANO, R. PREPOST, C.Y. PRESCOTT, G. PUNKAR, J. QUIGLEY, B.N. RATCLIFF, K. REEVES, T.W. REEVES, J. REIDY, P.L. REINERTSEN, P.E. RENSING, L.S. ROCHESTER, J.E. ROTHBERG, P.C. ROWSON, J.J. RUSSELL, O.H. SAXTON, T. SCHALK, R.H. SCHINDLER, U. SCHNEEKLOTH, B.A. SCHUMM, J. SCHWIENING, A. SEIDEN, S. SEN, V.V. SERBO, L. SERVOLI, M.H. SHAEVITZ, J.T. SHANK, G. SHAPIRO, D.J. SHERDEN, K.D. SHMAKOV, C. SIMOPOULOS, N.B. SINEV, S.R. SMITH, M.B. SMY, J.A. SNYDER, M.D. SOKOLOFF, H. STAENGLE, A. STAHL, P. STAMER, H. STEINER, R. STEINER, M.G. STRAUSS, D. SU, F. SUEKANE, A. SUGIYAMA, A. SUZUKI, S. SUZUKI, M. SWARTZ, A. SZUMILO, T. TAKAHASHI, F.E. TAYLOR, J.J. THALER, J. THOM, E. TORRENCE, A.I. TRANDAFIR, J.D. TURK, T. USHER, J. VA VRA, C. VANNINI, E. VELLA, J.P. VENUTI, R. VERDIER, P.G. VERDINI, D.L. WAGNER, S.R. WAGNER, A.P. WAITE, S. WALSTON, J. WANG, S.J. WATTS, A.W. WEIDEMANN, E.R. WEISS, J.S. WHITAKER, S.L. WHITE, F.J. WICKENS, D.A. WILLIAMS, D.C. WILLIAMS, S.H. WILLIAMS, S. WILLOCQ, R.J. WILSON, W.J. WISNIEWSKI, J.L. WITTLIN, M. WOODS, G.B. WORD, T.R. WRIGHT, J. WYSS, R.K. YAMAMOTO, J.M. YAMARTINO, X.Q. YANG, J. YASHIMA, S.J. YELLIN, C.C.YOUNG, H.YUTA, G. ZAPALAC, R.W. ZDARKO, C. ZEITLIN, J. ZHOU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRUNEVALD M, NEWALD M, SCHAEL S, BARATE R, BRUNELIE, RE R, BUSKULIC D, DE BONIS I, DECAMP D, GHEZ P, GOY C, JE, ZE, QUEL S, LEES J, LUCOTTE A, MARTIN M, MERLE E, MINARD M, NIEF J, ODIER P, PIETRZYK B, TROCME, BRAVO S, CASADO MP, CHMEISSANI M, COMAS P, CRESPO JM, FERNANDEZ E, FERNANDEZ-BOSMAN M, GARRIDO L, GRAUGES E, JUSTE A, MARTINEZ M, MERINO G, MIQUEL R, MIR LM, ORTEU S, PACHECO A, PARK IC, PERLAS J, RIU I, RUIZ H, SANCHEZ F, COLALEO A, CREANZA D, DE FILIPPIS N, DE PALMA M, IASELLI G, MAGGI G, MAGGI M, NUZZO S, RANIERI, A, RASO, G, RUGGIERI F, SELVAGGI, G, SILVESTRIS L, TEMPESTA P, TRICOMI A, ZITO G, HUANG X, LIN J, OUYANG Q, WANG T, XIE Y, XU R, XUE S, ZHANG J, ZHANG L, ZHAO W, ABBANEO D, BAZARKO A, BECKER U, BOIX G, BIRD F, BLUCHER E, BONVICINI B, BRIGHT-THOMAS P, BARKLOW T, BUCHMU, LLER O, CATTANEO M, CERUTTI F, CIULLI V, CLERBAUX B, DREVERMANN H, FORTY RW, FRANK M, GREENING TC, HAGELBERG R, HALLEY AW, GIANOTTI F, GIRONE M, HANSEN JB, HARVEY J, JACOBSEN J, HUTCHCROFT DE, JANOT P, JOST B, KNOBLOCH J, KADO M, LEHRAUS I, LAZEYRAS P, and MALEY P

Subjects
Top quark, FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), electron-positron physics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Electroweak interaction, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Electron–positron physics, Electroweak interactions, Decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons, Fermion–antifermion production, Precision measurements at the Z resonance, Tests of the Standard Model, Radiative corrections, Effective coupling constants, Neutral weak current, Z boson, W boson, Higgs boson, Particle physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR, decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons, effective coupling constants, electroweak interactions, fermion-antifermion production, higgs boson, neutral weak current, precision measurements at the z resonance, radiative corrections, tests of the standard model, top quark, w boson, z boson, Radiative correction, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Elementary particle physics, LEP, electroweak, Decays of heavy intermediate gauge boson, Effective coupling constant, Partícules (Física nuclear), Standard Model, electroweak theory, Z boson, DELPHI, ALEPH, OPAL, L3, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Coupling constant, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Fermion, FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Experimental High Energy Physics, Electron–positron physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLD experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, $\MZ$ and $\GZ$, and its couplings to fermions, for example the $\rho$ parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle, are precisely measured. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840+/-0.0082. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. Electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its Standard Model expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the masses of the top quark and the W Boson are predicted. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. Using in addition the direct measurements of $\Mt$ and $\MW$, the mass of the as yet unobserved Standard Model Higgs boson is predicted., Comment: 302 pages, v2: minor corrections and updates of references. Accepted for publication by Physics Reports, v3: further small corrections and journal version

Published
2006

33. Scientific considerations in the design of the Mars Observer gamma-ray spectrometer

Author

Arnold, J. R, Boynton, W. V, Englert, P, Feldman, W. C, Reedy, R. C, Metzger, A. E, Squyres, S. W, Trombka, J. I, and Wanke, H

Subjects
Spacecraft Instrumentation
Abstract

Cosmic-ray primary and secondary particles induce characteristic gamma-ray and neutron emissions from condensed bodies in our solar system. These characteristic emissions can be used to obtain qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of planetary surfaces from orbital altitudes. Remote sensing gamma-ray spectroscopy has been successfully used to obtain elemental composition of the Moon and Mars during United States Apollo 15 and 16 missions and the Soviet Luna and Mars missions. A remote sensing gamma-ray and neutron spectrometer will be included aboard the United States Mars Observer Mission. If proper care is not taken in the design of the spectrometer and choice of materials in the construction of the detector system ahd spacecraft, the sensitivity of these remote sensing spectrometers can be greatly degraded. A discussion of these design and material selection problems is presented.

Published
1989

34. The role of space data systems interface standards

Author

Stephens, R, Kummer, H, and Wanke, H

Subjects
Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command And Tracking
Abstract

This paper will discuss data systems interface standards including the goals and benefits in their application to space flight programs. Recent trends toward increased international cooperation in space research and applications missions have resulted in a greater emphasis on compatible interface standards among the participating agencies. The discussion will highlight the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), a consortium of 19 space agencies formed in 1982 in order to provide a technical forum for developing guidelines for compatible data systems standards among cooperating space agencies worldwide. CCSDS effort is seen as contributing significantly to the objectives of the IAF's Symposium on Space Exploration.

Published
1985

37. In-situ unsaturated zone stable water isotope (²H and 18O) measurements in semi-arid environments using tunable off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy.

Author

Gaj, M., Beyer, M., Koeniger, P., Wanke, H., Hamutoko, J., and Himmelsbach, T.

Abstract

Stable isotopes (deuterium, ²H, and oxygen-18, 18O) of soil pore water were measured directly in the field using tunable off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and commercially available soil gas probes in a semi-arid region of the Cuvelai-Etosha-Basin, Namibia. High spatial and temporal resolution was achieved in the study area with reasonable accuracy and measurements were in agreement with laboratory-based cryogenic vacuum extraction and subsequent cavity ring down laser spectroscopic isotope analysis (CRDS). After drift correction of the isotope data, mean precision for over 140 measurements of two consecutive field campaigns in June and November 2014 were 1.8 and 0.46 ‰ for δ²H and 18O, respectively. Mean Accuracy using quality check standards was 5 and 0.3 ‰ for δ²H and δ18O, respectively. Results support the applicability of an in-situ measurement system for the determination of stable isotopes in soil pore water. Spatio-temporal variability could be deduced with the observed data in an extremely dry evaporation dominated environment which was sporadically affected by intermittent rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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38. Biological experiments on the EXPOSE facility of the International Space Station

Author

Horneck, G., Wynn-Williams, D.D., Mancinelli, R.L., Cadet, J., Munakata, N., Ronto, G., Edwards, H.G.M., Hock, B., Wanke, H., Reitz, G., Dachev, T., Hader, D.P., Brioullet, C., Horneck, G., Wynn-Williams, D.D., Mancinelli, R.L., Cadet, J., Munakata, N., Ronto, G., Edwards, H.G.M., Hock, B., Wanke, H., Reitz, G., Dachev, T., Hader, D.P., and Brioullet, C.

Published
1999

42. Proton-induced radiation damage in germanium detectors

Author

Bruckner, J., primary, Korfer, M., additional, Wanke, H., additional, Schroeder, A.N.F., additional, Filges, D., additional, Dragovitsch, P., additional, Englert, P.A.J., additional, Starr, R., additional, Trombka, J.I., additional, Taylor, I., additional, Drake, D.M., additional, and Shunk, E.R., additional

Published
1991
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43. Lunar meteorite Yamato-791197: Petrography, shock history and chemical composition

Author

Ostertag,R., Stoffler,D., Bischoff,A., Palme,H., Schultz,L., Spettel,B., Weber,H., Weckwerth,G., Wanke,H., and Institute fur Mineralogie/Institute fur Mineralogie/Institute fur Mineralogie/Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie/Max-Planc-Institut fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemie

Abstract

Antarctic meteorite Yamato-791197 (Y-791197) is a polymict regolith breccia from the lunar highlands. It is composed of feldspathic lithic fragments, glasses and mineral fragments in a densely compacted, fine-grained, partly glassy matrix. Dominant lithologies are granulitic anorthosites, granulitic breccias, recrystallized fragmental breccias, microporphyritic and subophitic crystalline melt breccias, glass beads and irregularly shaped glassy particles. Some glasses are partly or totally devitrified. All mineral clasts are shocked, most plagioclase clasts are recrystallized. The shock effects in mineral and lithic clasts indicate pressures below 25GPa except for rare maskelynite and the shock-produced glassy particles. There is no indication that the meteorite as a whole has been shocked to more than 20GPa, consequently the shock pressures during the ejection event were less than 20GPa. Despite these low shock pressures, the breccia may have formed by shock-lithification caused by the ejection event. Chemical analyses of the bulk sample and of individual components indicate a source area free of KREEP, probably on the lunar farside. Differences in chemical composition (major and minor elements) may exist between the lunar frontside and the lunar farside. The content of Ga and Zn is remarkably high but heterogeneously distributed and may speak in favor of a moon-wide redistribution of volatile elements. The noble gas contents of Y-791197 are typical of lunar regolith and yield an exposure age of 450Ma. Y-791197 has a higher content in REE and noble gases and is more ferroan than lunar meteorite ALHA81005. Both differ compositionally from other lunar samples and despite their differences may be related to the same impact event.

Published
1986

44. Petrography, shock history, chemical composition and noble gas content of the lunar meteorites Yamato-82192 and -82193

Author

Bischoff,A., Palme,H., Weber,H.W., Stoffler,D., Braun,O., Spettel,B., Begemann,F., Wanke,H., Ostertag,R., and Institute fur Planetologie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Institute fur Planetologie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Max-Planck-Institute fur Chemie/Institute fur Planetologie

Abstract

The Antarctic meteorites Yamato-82192 and -82193 are lunar polymict shock-lithified fragmental breccias with a minor regolith component. They are probably paired. The breccias are composed of a great variety of lithic and mineral fragments embedded in a fine-grained, densely compacted clastic matrix. Recrystallized feldspathic rocks and breccias, and granulitic lithologies are by far the dominant rock types. Crystalline impact melt breccias are common, however the amount of devitrified glasses is negligible. Glasses, common in ALHA81005,are missing in Y-82192 and -82193. Both samples contain some large basaltic clasts. All mineral and lithic clasts are shocked, and most plagioclases are recrystallized. We found no indication that the meteorite as a whole has been shocked to more than 20 GPa. These regolith breccias may have suffered peak shock pressures in the order of 10 GPa during the lithification event. The chemical composition of Y-82192 is very similar to that of the other lunar meteorites. Major differences are the low absolute abundances of REE and their flat chondrite normalized patterns. Other incompatible elements such as Hf and K also have comparatively low concentrations similar to the REE. The siderophile elements Ni, Co, Ir, and Au have similar abundances to other lunar highland samples. There appears to be a uniform signature of siderophile elements in the old lunar highlands away from the large basins of the front side of the Moon. The noble gas content of Y-82192 is entirely different from that of Y-791197 and ALHA81005. The light noble gasses He, Ne, and Ar are dominated by spallogenic and radiogenic components while the trapped gasses are similar to those in the Apollo 17 boulder and to those of "normal" meteorites. There is no indication that Y-82192 contains, or ever contained, any solar-wind implanted noble gases.

Published
1987

46. Über den Helium- und Neongehalt von Steinmeteoriten und deren radiogene und kosmogene Alter

Author

Hintenberger, H., König, H., and Wanke, H.

Abstract

The total content as well as the isotopic composition of helium and neon of 19 chondrites and 5 achondrites have been determined. A description of the analytical method is given. Large variations of the ratios 3He/21Ne were observed and it is shown that these variations cannot be explained by differences in the chemical compositions of the meteorites only.

Published
1962
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47. Zur Theorie der Vielfachstreuung geladener Teilchen

Author

Sauter, F. and Wanke, H.

Abstract

Durch strenge Umwandlung der beim Problem der Vielfachstreuung auftretenden Integralgleichung in eine Differentialgleichung läßt sich ein konsequentes Näherungsverfahren zur Ermittlung der Winkelabhängigkeit der Streuintensität angeben. Dieses Verfahren führt in erster Näherung zu einer Lösungsfunktion, aus der sich ein wohlbestimmter Wert für das mittlere Quadrat des Streuwinkels ergibt. Zahlenmäßig liegt er in der gleichen Größenordnung wie der Ausdruck, zu dem man aus der Molièreschen Theorie kommt, wenn man dort die Formel für die Streuintensität nach dem ersten Glied mit der Gauß-Funktion abbricht. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die Art der Abspaltung dieses ersten Gliedes bei Molière weitgehend willkürlich ist, während das hier durchgeführte Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Größe ϑ̅2völlig zwangsläufig erscheint.

Published
1952
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48. Zur Frage der Diffusionsverluste von radiogenen und spallogenen Edelgasen aus Steinmeteoriten

Author

Hintenberger, H., Vilcsek, E., and Wanke, H.

Abstract

Using a newly developed technique of specific solvents we succeeded in measuring the rare gas contents of the main mineral fractions of stone meteorites separately. In this way we studied the diffusion loss of the radiogenic and spallogenic rare gases in 5 chondrites which all had U-Th-He ages considerably below 4.5 billion years. The results showed that in 4 of these meteorites, which all belong to the UREY—CRAIG group L, no diffusion losses occurred during the time of cosmic ray exposure. Only in one of the meteorites, i. e. Breitscheid, (group H) large diffusion losses of the cosmic ray produced 3He were found. Considerable losses of radiogenic 4He could be proved for the meteorites Breitscheid and Bruderheim. For the meteorite Breitscheid the loss of 4He seems to be approximately a factor of 2 lower than that of 3He.

Published
1964
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49. Helium- und Neonisotope in Eisenmeteoriten

Author

Hintenberger, H. and Wanke, H.

Abstract

The helium and neon content of 22 iron meteorites as well as the isotopic compositions of the rare gases have been measured. Definite relations were found between the amounts of the cosmic ray produced isotopes 3He, 4He and 21Ne and also for their ratios. A rough correlation between the mass of the meteorite and the “depth” of the sample has been found; a correlation for the 3He/4He and the 4He/21Ne ratios also exists. The following relationship holds for 19 of the 21 meteorites :

Published
1964
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50. Uredelgase im Meteoriten Breitscheid

Author

Hintenberger, H., König, H., and Wanke, H.

Abstract

Primordial rare gases have been found in the chondrite Breitscheid, which shows like Pantar light and dark regions. The primordial rare gases are only to be found in the dark portions; they amount to 179·10-6cm3STP/g helium and 221·10-8cm3STP/g neon. The isotopic compositions of these primordial rare gases have been determined by subtraction of the amounts of the radiogenic and cosmic ray produced rare gases measured in the light portions. Possible alterations of the isotopic abundances of the primordial rare gases in the time interval between the end of the nucleosynthesis and their capture in the meteoritic matter are discussed. The radiogenic helium age has now been determined to be 1.63·109years.

Published
1962
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