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Aim: To obtain the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at Siriraj Hospital during 2012–2016 and to identify its possible risk factors in singleton pregnancies. Methods: This study was a retrospective case–control study. The institutional ethical committee has approved the study. The medical records of eligible cases were reviewed. To assess the risk factors of PPROM, the data of the cases with PPROM in 2016 were compared with the data of pregnant women who did not have PPROM and delivered at term. Fifteen variables of interest were studied. Results: During the 5‐year period, there were 43 727 deliveries at Siriraj Hospital and 1280 (2.93%) cases had PPROM. In 2016, 252 pregnant women were diagnosed PPROM and data of 199 cases were compared with the data of 199 control cases. Mean latency period was 2 days and mean gestational age at birth was 34.7 weeks in PPROM group. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, poor weight gain and history of previous preterm birth were the factors that significantly associated with PPROM, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47–7.05), 2.58 (95% CI 1.63–4.07) and 8.81 (95% CI 2.81–28.69), respectively (P < 0.05), while multiparity decreased the risk of PPROM (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.23–0.57) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of PPROM during 5‐year period was 2.93%. Diabetes mellitus, poor maternal weight gain and history of previous preterm birth significantly increased risk of PPROM while multigravida reduced the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the specificity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in prediction of Down syndrome in Thai fetuses at 17-23 weeks' gestation and to determine the prevalence of TR among normal chromosome fetuses in a high-risk population., Material and Method: A prospective study was performed in 395 high-risk pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis or cordocentesis for fetal karyotyping at 17-23 weeks. The presence or absence of TR was determined by pulsed wave Doppler at the time of prenatal diagnosis. TR was diagnosed when the regurgitation flow was observed for at least half of systole or > or = 70 milliseconds with maximum velocity of > or = 100 cm/sec. The diagnostic values of TR for detection of Down syndrome were calculated., Results: The prevalence of TR was 3.8% (14/370) in normal chromosome fetuses and 40% (2/5) in Down syndrome fetuses. Fetuses with TR had a higher chance to be Down syndrome (11.1%) than those without TR (0.8%) (95% CI of the difference, 0.09-32.9, p = 0.036). Specificity, sensitivity, NPV and PPV of TR in prediction of Down syndrome were 95.9%, 40%, 99.2% and 11.1%, respectively. Among normal chromosome fetuses with TR, 14.3% (2/14) had congenital cardiac abnormalities., Conclusion: TR is not only a high specificity secondary ultrasound marker at 17-23 weeks to identify fetuses with Down syndrome in high-risk pregnant women but also associates with the risk of cardiac defects in normal chromosome fetuses.