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ObjectivesThe absorption and regeneration properties of different formulations of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) mixed with different diamines were studied.MethodsIn the simulated flue gas environment with 12% CO2 and 88% N2, MDEA was used as the main agent, while ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (MAPA), aminoethylethano-lamine (AEEA), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMPDA) were added as activators, respectively. Under a total amine concentration of 40%, the chemical absorbent was configured with mass ratios of main agent to activator of 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶1, respectively. The absorption rate, regeneration rate and circulation capacity of different absorbers were determined by comparing bubble absorption and oil bath regeneration experiments.ResultsMDEA-EDA system has the best absorption property when the mass ratio of MDEA to EDA is 1∶1. The MDEA-DMEDA system has the best regeneration property when the mass ratio of MDEA to DMEDA is 2∶1, with a circulation capacity reaching 1.7 mol/kg. The overall properties of MDEA-AEEA system are optimized when the mass ratio of MDEA to AEEA is 1∶1, with a cycle capacity reaching 1.49 mol/kg.ConclusionsThe research results can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation optimization of mixed amine solutions in industry.

To solve the problem of the contact ellipse in the geometric contact simulation of gear teeth which needs the numerical approximation of the quadratic approximation of the tooth surface and the complicated curvature derivation,the method of contact ellipse calculation based on numerical iteration is proposed. Firstly,the instantaneous contact point is solved by meshing basic equations,then the whole week search is conducted according to the given elastic deformation starting from the point,the instantaneous contact ellipse and the long and short axes of the contact position are obtained,and then the whole tooth surface contact prints are got.Finally,taking a pair of cycloidal gear hypoid gears as an example,the feasibility of this method is verified by comparison with commercial software and rolling inspection results.

Abstract Every physiological function in the human body exhibits some form of circadian rhythmicity. Under pathological conditions, however, circadian rhythmicity may be dusrupted. Patients infected with HIV or addicted to drugs of abuse often suffer from sleep disorders and altered circadian rhythms. Early studies in Drosophila suggested that drug seeking behavior might be related to the expression of certain circadian clock genes. Our previous research showed that conditioned place preference with morphine treatment was altered in mice lacking the Period-1 (mPer1) circadian clock gene. Thus, we sought to investigate whether morphine treatment could alter the expression of mPer1, especially in brain regions outside the SCN and in peripheral tissues. Our results using Western blot analysis showed that the mPER1 immunoreactivity exhibited a strong circadian rhythm in the brains of the control (Con), morphine-dependent (MD), and morphine-withdrawal (MW) mice. However, the phase of the circadian rhythm of mPER1 expression in the brains of MD mice significantly differed from that of the Con mice (p < 0.05). In contrast to mPER1 expression in the brain, the circadian rhythm of mPER1 immunoreactivity in the kidneys was abolished after morphine administration, whereas the Con mice maintained robust circadian rhythmicity of mPER1 in the kidney. Therefore, the effect of morphine on the circadian clock gene mPer1 may vary among different organs, resulting in desynchronization of circadian function between the SCN and peripheral organs.

Background: Dogs are definitive hosts of Echinococcus granulosus , with the small intestine being the only site of parasitic infections. However, the immunomodulatory processes that occur during interactions between E. granulosus and its definitive host remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate gene transcription patterns in canine small intestinal epithelial cells (CIECs) following stimulation by E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs). Particularly, this study investigated the roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), involved in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mediating the host innate immune response to the tapeworm E. granulosus. Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to examine gene transcription patterns in CIECs following stimulation with PSCs for 12 and 24 h. The potential roles of differentially expressed (DE) genes were inferred through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Results: RNA-seq analysis identified 78,206,492–90,548,214 clean reads in 12 RNA samples. This included six samples stimulated with PSCs for 12 h (PSC1_12h–PSC3_12h) and 24 h (PSC1_24h–PSC3_24h) and six corresponding control samples (PBS1_12h–PBS3_12h and PBS1_24h–PBS3_24h). In the PSC_12h vs. PBS_12h and PSC_24h vs. PBS_24h groups, 3,520 (2,359 upregulated and 1,161 downregulated) and 3,287 (1765 upregulated and 1,522 downregulated) DEgenes were identified, respectively. The expression of 45 PRRs genes was upregulated in the PSC_12h and PSC_24h groups compared to those in the control groups, including 4 Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 4C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), 3 NOD-like receptors (NLRs), 17 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 4 scavenger receptors (SRs), and 13 leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (LRRCs). GO enrichment and KEGG analyses revealed that these DEgenes were mainly involved in the regulation of host immune response processes and molecules. These included antigen processing and presentation, Th17, PI3K-Akt, Th1, and Th2 cell differentiation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NOD- and Toll-like receptors, TNF, intestinal immune network for IgA production and IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the identified DEgenes were involved in the regulation of signaling molecules and interaction (e.g., cell adhesion molecules and ECM-receptor interaction). Conclusion: These preliminary findings provide novel perspectives on the host innate immune response to E. granulosus PSC stimulation, with a focus on the involvement of E. granulosus -specific PRRs in host defense mechanisms against infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]