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Background and purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) not only acts as proinflammatory cytokine conducing to wide spectrum of human diseases including inflammatory diseases, but also can induce tumor development. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between TNF-α gene polymorphisms and the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Han population of Yunnan Province. Methods: A total of 425 lung cancer patients with NSCLC and 438 healthy individuals were included from Han population of Yunnan Province. The genotypes of 5 polymorphism loci, rs1799964 (-1031T>C), rs1800630 (-863C>A), rs1799724 (-857C>T), rs1800629 (-308G>A) and rs361525 (-238G>A) of TNF-α gene were detected by TaqMan assay. The frequency distributions of allele, genotype and haplotype in NSCLC patients and healthy controls were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in the allele and genotype frequency among 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in TNF-α gene promoter (P>0.05). And in stratification analysis, the frequency of rs1799724-T was significantly higher in the adenocarcinoma patients than in the controls (P=0.010, OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.11-2.19), and the rs1799724-TT+TC carrier showed significantly higher susceptibility to adenocarcinoma in dominant model (P=0.007, OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.146-2.417). The frequency of rs1800630-A was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and other histological types of carcinoma patients (P=0.013, OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.16-3.96). The haplotype analysis indicated that the frequency of haplotype rs1799724T-rs1800629G was higher in the adenocarcinoma group than in the control group (P=0.048, OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.00-2.01). Conclusion: The T allele and TT genotype of rs1799724 (C>T) in TNF-α gene promoter might be associated with the susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma in Han population of Yunnan Province. And rs1800630 (C>T) -A might be a risk factor of other histological lung cancer in Han population of Yunnan Province.

Organic afterglow is a fascinating phenomenon with exceptional applications. However, it encounters challenges such as low intensity and efficiency, and typically requires UV-light excitation and facile intersystem crossing (ISC) due to its spin-forbidden nature. Here, we develop a novel strategy that bypasses the conventional ISC pathway by promoting singlet-triplet transition through the synergistic effects of the intra/intermolecular heavy-atom effect in aromatic crystals, enabling the direct population of triplet excited states from the ground state. The resulting materials exhibit a bright organic afterglow with a remarkably enhanced quantum efficiency of up to 5.81%, and a significantly increased organic afterglow lifetime of up to 157 microseconds under visible light. Moreover, given the high-efficiency visible-light excitable organic afterglow emission, the potential application is demonstrated in lifetime-resolved, color-encoded, and excitation wavelength-dependent pattern encryption. This work demonstrates the importance of the direct population method in enhancing the organic afterglow performance and red-shifting the excitation wavelength, and provides crucial insights for advancing organic optoelectronic technologies that involve triplet states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical compression stockings failed or didn't reach expected positive functions in practical uses, one of the reasons is related to the inaccurate or inappropriate of pressure distributions. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and analysis were carried out to extract human anthropometric data. Knitting parameters were engineering designed and theoretical pressure profiles were predicted by mathematical models, according to integrative considerations of Standard, leg morphology and machine parameter setting. The predicted pressure distributions for Class I, II & III MCSs generally in predefined ranges. The actual measured pressure values were greater than predicted at all tested regions for Series 1 of MCSs. The MCSs combined structure A and B at calf region make the effect of homogenizing pressure around calf cross-section. It's feasible and valuable to develop MCSs based on knitting parameters, 3D body scanning individually and pre-defined pressure distribution ergonomically to match directly patient-specific medical requirements and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is postulated that information based on skin layer deformation is necessary for the design of next-to-skin functional cycling suit. Especially for shoulder–chest region, shoulder–back region, waist–abdomen region and waist–hip region, which are critical factors in contact comfort sensations. The skin length deformation during three different road conditions (including uphill, downhill and normal road) and four cycling motions in various longitudinal, horizontal and curved directions were measured. The amount of skin deformation was slightly different for each of the five subjects, but the basic tendency of boundary between extension and contraction of skin surface was very much within the same region. The research results will help to improve cycling clothing in terms of function and comfort under the premise of the adaptation of human movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The garment pressure comfort sensation and discrimination were studied in the paper. The garment pressure comfort threshold and difference threshold were defined and calculated according to staircase method of psychophysics. In experiment, 10 subjects were employed in sensory tests and pressure measurements. A novel stretchable compressive belt was developed, which was used to control the pressure applied on separate body parts by its extension and intention, and the subjects judgement and pressure monitor were recorded in times. Finally, the comfort thresholds at nine separate body parts below waistline and difference thresholds at three parts & three varied standard pressure levels were investigated. This study provided proper comfort pressure range to human body for developing compression wear. Practitioner summary: Garment pressure comfort and difference threshold were firstly defined and calculated according to staircase method of psychophysics. The comfort thresholds at nine body parts and difference thresholds at three parts & three varied standard pressure levels were investigated. This study provided proper comfort pressure range to human body for developing compression wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic pressure measuring system has been developed in this study. This system can be used for static pressure measuring, real-time dynamic pressure measuring and pressure fatigue analysis. A 3D geometric model on fabric deformation as well as mechanical behavior has been developed, which can be used for simulating the fabric elongation during dynamic pressing, and to deduce relationship between the press depth and fabric elongation. The process parameters of measuring system have been systematically estimated and analyzed. The range of press depth fixed for dynamic pressure measurement is found to be 58-115 mm, which responds to the fabric elongation from 10% to 40%. The press velocity at 100 mm/min is considered as the optional one for dynamic pressure measurement. Five repeated test cycles can be satisfied to assess the dynamic pressure fatigue performance quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compression garments are made of elastic fabric, which is used for operational reasons and clinical applications for treating venous ulceration, deep vein thrombosis or burns. The constant pressure of compression garments exerted on human body is very essential, and the success of the application is extremely dependent on this pressure. However, elastic fabric has a characteristic of hysteresis which contributes to the pressure decay during wearing. In this study, dynamic pressure attenuation is investigated experimentally. Dynamic pressure decreases with the repeated extension and recovery; its pressure attenuation increases as the extension level varied from 10% to 40%. The effects of fabric parameters on dynamic pressure at 1st test cycle and on dynamic pressure attenuation are also analyzed, such as spandex feeding rate and fabric structure. These results provide a better understanding of characteristics of elastic fabric used for making compression garments, and are beneficial for practitioners with scientific developments and for effective applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]