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The Crushed Coal Pressurized Slagging Gasification (British Gas-Lurgi, BGL) renders the use of gates obsolete and changes from dry slag discharge to liquid slag discharge, significantly improving the gasification performance. This study aims to reveal the essential structural characteristics of BGL coal gasification to further improve the performance of gasification equipment. We established the thermodynamic equilibrium model, coal gasification dynamics model and Euler multiphase flow model via numerical simulation, and validated these models. The simulation results show that 1) compared with Lurgi coal gasification, the gasification equilibrium temperature increases from 795 ℃ (Lurgi gasifier) to 1 029 ℃, and the decomposition rate of water vapor increases from 32.66 % to 93.12 %. The maximum bed temperature increases from 1 110 ℃ to 1 837 ℃, much higher than the coal ash flow temperature (1 210 ℃). This improves the gasification intensity and ensures liquid slag discharge. 2) BGL coal gasification reaction is mainly completed in the lower part of the furnace, with only a small amount of water vapor participating in the shift reaction. CH4 in the crude gas mainly comes from coal pyrolysis. 3) The fluctuation of bed surge in gasifier enhances heat and mass transfer. 4) Nozzle Jet impacts and squeezes coal char particles, forming an ellipsoidal combustion raceway extending to the central area. This becomes an important functional unit of BGL gasification, realizing primary gas distribution and providing heat for gasification layer and slag pool. 5) The liquid slag in the slag pool whirls up and down, which is beneficial to reduce carbon residue in slag and ensure smooth slag discharge.

Abstract Gas extraction drilling is a necessary measure for managing gas hazards. For soft coal seams where gas extraction drilling holes are prone to collapse, it is believed that drill rod disturbance is the main cause of hole collapse. This study proposes a research approach to reduce wall stress by optimizing the drill rod structure. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and industrial tests, a stress model for the drill rod inside the hole was established, and a wall stress equation was derived. The effects of various parameters on wall stress were analyzed. The study suggests optimizing the drill rod structure to reduce the disturbance‐induced wall stress. SolidWorks was used for drilling stress simulation, and a four‐winged concave groove drill rod was developed. After strength verification, comparative industrial tests were conducted. The research results show that as the line density increases, the wall stress of the drilling hole increases. As the length of the suspended section increases, the wall stress initially decreases and then increases. With increasing drilling thrust, wall stress increases linearly, and the growth rate is greater with a larger diameter difference between the drill hole and the drill rod. Numerical simulation results indicate that the critical point maximum stress at the hole entrance, the critical point maximum stress at the hole bottom, and the average stress at the bottom section of the four‐winged concave groove drill rod with a concavity of 5 are significantly reduced compared to those of circular and grooved drill rods. Industrial test results show that using the four‐winged concave groove drill rod significantly reduces the extent of hole collapse. This study provides a reference for addressing the issue of hole collapse in gas extraction drilling for soft coal seams.

ObjectivesWith the implementation of the national “Dual Carbon Strategy” (carbon peak and carbon neutrality), it is anticipated that the existing coating structures may not meet the requirements of future gas turbine thermal protection coatings. The concept of a new type of environmental/thermal barrier coating (E/TBC) structure with high temperature corrosion resistance has been proposed to meet the demand for thermal protection coatings in hybrid hydrogen combustion engines.MethodsThe development history and research status of thermal barrier coating (TBC), environmental barrier coating (EBC), thermal/environmental barrier coating (T/EBC) and thermal and environmental barrier coating (TEBC) were reviewed and analyzed from the perspective of thermal protection coating materials and coating structures. Moreover, the gap between the above coating structures and the requirementsof thermal protection coating for mixed hydrogen gas turbines was investigated.ResultsIt is reasonable to superimpose the function of EBC onto the thermal protection coating of current mixed hydrogen gas turbines, thereby forming a new type of E/TBC structure with high temperature corrosion resistance on the high-temperature alloy substrate.ConclusionsThrough the preliminary test, it is proved that the new E/TBC structure is suitable for the thermal protection coating requirements of mixed hydrogen gas turbine against high temperature water oxygen corrosion, and it is pointed out that the theory and application research of this new E/TBC thermal protection coating should be vigorously carried out.

BackgroundDecline in cognitive function is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia， and transcranial direct current stimulation （tDCS） has developed as a promising tool for cognitive enhancement.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of tDCS on improving cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide references for clinical intervention of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA computer-based systematic search was conducted on September 12， 2023 through CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， PubMed， CINAHL and PsycINFO databases， and randomized controlled trials relevant to the efficacy of tDCS for management of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia were collected. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials （RoB 2.0）.ResultsA total of 17 articles were included， including 953 patients with schizophrenia. TDCS has an improvement effect on cognitive functions such as information processing speed， attention， working memory， executive function and learning ability in patients with schizophrenia.ConclusiontDCS may have an effect on improving cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. ［Funded by Lanzhou Health Science and Technology Development Project （number， 2021024）］

To tackle the defects of self-supervised learning anomaly detection methods for wireless sensor network (WSN) need to address the problems of single negative sample types and lack of diversity, as well as insufficient extraction of spatiotemporal features from multimodal data of wireless sensor network nodes. To address these challenges, a wireless sensor network anomaly node detection method that combines contrastive learning and reconstruction mechanisms was proposed. Firstly, this method provided sufficient positive and negative example information representation for the reconstruction model by using contrastive learning methods, and combined with generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate negative examples with diverse characteristics. Secondly, a dual layer spatiotemporal feature extraction module based on multi-head attention and graph neural network was designed. Through a series of comparative experiments on actual public datasets and their experimental results, it is shown that the method designed has better accuracy and recall compared to traditional anomaly detection methods and recent graph neural network methods.

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a multiplexing technique designed in the two-dimensional (2D) delay-Doppler domain suited for high Doppler fading channels. OTFS converts a doubly-selective channel into an almost non-fading channel in the delay-Doppler domain through a series of 2D transformations. OTFS has the potential of capturing time-frequency full diversity. In order to obtain the time-frequency full diversity gain, a receiver with advanced channel estimation and signal detection algorithm is needed. The basic principle and system model of OTFS was firstly introduced, then the existing channel estimation and signal detection algorithms were reviewed, finally the future challenges and solutions for channel estimation and signal detection were discussed.

China has abundant rice resources, and its processed product, rice bran oil (RBO), not only has a balanced fatty acid composition but is also rich in lipid-associated compounds such as γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, and vitamin E, which are highly beneficial to human health. This study primarily conducted a literature review and analysis of the nutritional research progress on rice bran oil and its γ-oryzanol. It systematically outlined the nutritional effects and potential mechanisms of RBO and its γ-oryzanol in areas such as blood lipids, blood glucose, mood/sleep, muscle strength/physical performance, and immune regulation. Among them, the effect of RBO on blood lipids were mostly studied with clinical trials. RBO consumption may effectively improve lipid parameters, and reduce the risk of dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia, which could play a role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in adults. This study has provided a reference for understanding the nutritional properties and potential applications of rice bran oil and γ-oryzanol. However, further research is needed to explore the health effects and mechanisms of RBO in different populations.

The study aimed to identify an effective probiotic combination for the removal of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat and corn, and to verify the detoxification effect of solid-state fermentation. The content of DON removed, adsorbed, and degraded by the selected strains was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that in the liquid matrix, the detoxification rate increased with the reaction time and was higher for Streptococcus pentosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum among all the bacteria. After 24 hours, the maximum detoxification rates of the individual strains reached 79.62%, 62.22%, and 82.75%, respectively. Measurement of DON content in different treatment solutions revealed that the removal of DON by the three strains was primarily due to adsorption, with a DON desorption rate of less than 15%. In the solid-state fermentation system, the highest detoxification rate of DON-contaminated wheat could reach 79.49%, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 CFU/mL. The highest detoxification rates for DON- and zearalenone-contaminated corn achieved 61.54% and 78.15%, respectively, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×108 and 1×107 CFU/mL. In addition, the combined solid-state fermentation of the three strains increased the crude protein and reduced the crude fibre content of toxin-contaminated wheat and corn. This study identified compound probiotics that can efficiently remove DON in liquid substrates and solid-state fermentation systems, and preliminarily explored their detoxification mechanisms, which could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the detoxification of grains contaminated with mycotoxins through solid-state fermentation.

Existing research commonly uses functional connectivity (FC) combined with graph theory analysis to accomplish the auxiliary diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Traditional FC analysis methods usually target low-order FC networks, while high-order FC networks can reveal higher-level interactions in brain networks. However, there are few studies involving graph theory in high-order FC networks, and traditional graph theory indicators have limitations in high-order FC networks. This paper constructs a high-order FC network through high-order dynamic functional connections, combines graph theory to analyze the brain network status of MCI and normal cognition (NC), and defines two new graph theory indicators, blocking coefficient and average transition time, to characterize temporal variability in brain networks. The results show that the application of graph theory in high-order FC network can effectively extract the differential information between MCI group and NC group. The proposed blocking coefficient and average conversion time index can both show significant differences, providing a new analysis method for the study of high-order brain network.

The proper functioning of numerous applications in industrial control systems relies on deterministic and low-latency network transmission, driving the development of time-sensitive networking. To guarantee the deterministic stream transmission in industrial control systems, a time-triggered stream scheduling method combining no-wait and time-slot mapping reuse (NW-TSMR) was proposed. Firstly, the time-sensitive network communication elements of industrial control systems were modeled, and by analyzing the characteristics of time-triggered streams, several constraints such as link, stream transmission, stream isolation, and frame isolation were simplified. The base period was used as the scheduling cycle time, by adopting no-wait scheduling for real-time streams and time-slot mapping reuse for cyclic streams, the length of gate control list was reduced. Then, a conflict detection method that utilized the midpoint of the data frame transmission interval significantly reduced the time complexity associated with slot conflict detection. Finally, several time-triggered stream scheduling optimization functions were given and solved based on an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm. The correctness and feasibility of NW-TSMR is verified through experiments, and the average gate control list length is reduced by 59.7%.

【Objectives】 Irrigation for agricultural production in most regions of the world relies on groundwater. Understanding groundwater extracted for irrigation in a region is hence important for water resource management but challenging at regional and catchment scales. In this paper we propose a method to estimate groundwater usage for irrigation. 【Method】 We take Tangshan in Northern China as an example. Based on the number and distribution of boreholes, field investigation in selected areas, planting structures, precipitation, as well as statistical yearbook, we established the relationship between precipitation and irrigation amount, and evaluated the actual groundwater usage for irrigation in 2010 in the studied region. 【Result】 ①The relationship between irrigation amount (y) and precipitation (x) in irrigated croplands and paddy fields was y=1.167×107x-1.277 3 and y=378 796x-0.636 6, respectively, with R2 of the former and the latter being 0.899 0 and 0.883 3. ②The irrigation amount for paddy fields in 2010 varied from 5 763 to 7 649 m3/hm2, larger than the irrigation amount for greenhouses (4 950 m3/hm2) and the irrigated cropland which varied from 2 633 to 4 647 m3/hm2. ③The estimated groundwater extracted for irrigation in 2010 was 1.308 billion m3, differing by 9.42% from that reported in the water resources bulletin. 【Conclusion】 The irrigation amount for paddy fields is larger than that for greenhouse and irrigated cropland. Statistics yearbook can be used with other data to estimate groundwater extraction for irrigation; our analysis showed that the results estimated using this method agree reasonably well with measured data.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease （AD） is the most common type of dementia. There has been an increasing trend in incidence rate. The drug therapy has been proven ineffective in improving the cognitive function of AD patients or delaying the disease progression， leading to perceived low adherence with treatment and low efficacy. Previous basic research shows that blue light irradiation is helpful to improve the cognitive function of AD model rats， but there is no corresponding clinical study on the improvement effect of blue light irradiation on cognitive function of AD patients.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of blue light irradiation in improving the cognitive function of AD patients， so as to provide references for cognitive stabilization or improvement of AD patients.MethodsA sample of 155 patients who were hospitalized in Geriatric Department of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 and met the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria for AD were retrospectively selected. Among them， 80 cases who received blue light irradiation combined with memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the study group， and 75 cases who only received memantine therapy and conventional psychotherapy were the control group. Blue light irradiation therapy lasted for 4 weeks， 5 times per week， with each session lasting for 30 min. Then Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADL） were administered at the baseline and after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment， study group reported an increase in MMSE total score， orientation， immediate recall， attention/calculation， delayed recall and language dimension scores （Z=-6.931， -5.773， -4.123， -3.649， -3.508， -4.733， P

Shengli Oilfield has abundant oil and gas resources， with multiple types of reservoirs， and logging evaluation plays an essential role in exploration and development. The development history and the characteristics of logging evaluation technologies for reservoirs were systematically reviewed to celebrate the institute's 60th birthday. Summarizing experience and predicting the future have positive significance for the development and application in the professional logging field. A series of mature evaluation technologies formed in three types of reservoirs， including conventional sandstone reservoirs， complex reservoirs， and unconventional shale reservoirs， were systematically summarized according to the characteristics and evaluation difficulties of reservoirs. For conventional sandstone reservoirs， a highly applicable identification technology for oil layers was systematically developed， and an innovative method for establishing electrical standards constrained by the lower limits of lithology and oil potential was developed under multi-layer joint testing conditions. In addition， a pioneering logging modeling technology was proposed based on different diagenetic zones. Various technologies were developed for complex reservoirs， including logging identification of sandstone lithology in steep slope zones， effectiveness evaluation of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs， and identification and evaluation of oil layers with low resistivity. For unconventional shale reservoirs， a logging evaluation technology of reservoir parameters was preliminarily developed to evaluate the storage properties and oil potential mainly based on two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. These logging evaluation technologies for different types of reservoirs reflected the combination of wellbore data and geological understanding， as well as the integration of rock physics and logging models， and they demonstrated the ability of logging to serve geology and reservoirs and achieved good application results. In the future， the remaining resources will mainly be distributed in hidden oil and gas reservoirs and deep layers. In order to meet the needs of exploration and development， it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of experimental data， gas logging， and testing production data， combine logging evaluation and geology， intensify the application of new logging technologies such as logging while drilling， imaging， and nuclear magnetic resonance， carry out comprehensive research and evaluation， and expand the evaluation and prediction of production capacity of oil layers from the perspective of evaluation objectives. Moreover， it is necessary to fully rely on expert experience to select samples and deepen the application of big data/artificial intelligence on the basis of conventional technologies， which will definitely achieve good results.

Shale oil in Jiyang continental faulted basin is a realistic new field for subsequent resource， with enormous exploration potential. It is an important resource base for the sustainable development of Shengli Oilfield. The results of geological research and exploration of shale oil were analyzed in Jiyang continental faulted basin in recent years， and the new progress was systematically reviewed in shale sedimentation， reservoir formation， hydrocarbon generation， shale oil enrichment theory， and supporting fracturing stimulation technologies for Jiyang continental faulted basin. The results show that ① A shale lithofacies classification scheme is proposed based on mineral composition， sedimentary structure， crystallization， and abundance of organic matter ， which can be summarized as “four elements and three ends.” The mechanism of “four paleo-environment factors control shale lithofacies” is revealed， and the orderly “ring-shaped” distribution of shale lithofacies is confirmed. ② The core micro/nano CT scanning， argon ion polishing scanning electron microscopy， FIB-FESEM， nuclear magnetic resonance freeze-thaw， and small-angle X-ray scattering are integrated to form the quantitative characterization technologies of multi-scale shale pore and fracture systems. It is clear that the spaces of the shale reservoir in Jiyang continental faulted basin are divided into both pores and fractures， mainly inorganic pores and fractures. It is revealed that calcite recrystallization， dissolution， and conversion from illite/smectite to illite are the most critical reservoir formation mechanisms， and a reservoir model of shale pore and fracture network is established. ③ The oil content evaluation method of organic-rich shale is developed， which reveals the characteristics of high paleo-productivity， early generation， and early enrichment of organic-rich shale in the saline lake basin. The shale oil resources in Jiyang continental faulted basin are estimated to be more than 1010 t. ④ The shale oil enrichment is controlled by the spatiotemporal coupling of hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation of bedded/laminated shale， which is characterized by “early formation of saline source rock， inorganic pore， and fracture reservoirs， microscopic source-reservoir integration， and dual coupling enrichment.” ⑤ The comprehensive evaluation system and target selection process for shale oil exploration in continental faulted basins are established， which involves four characteristics and four determinations. ⑥ The fracturing stimulation technologies are developed of “combined fracture network fracturing” and “horizontal well multistage fracturing” suitable for Jiyang continental faulted basin. According to the actual situation of Shengli Oilfield， the exploration idea is proposed of “increasing storage and production in main subsags， exploring new positions in small oil-rich subsags， implementing resources in peripheral small subsags， and taking into account the optimization of mineral rights，” to orderly promote the large-scale increase in storage and production of shale oil in Jiyang continental faulted basin. The relevant achievements and supporting technologies are significant for shale oil exploration and development in similar oilfields.

Jiyang Depression， as one of the mature exploration areas in Bohai Bay Basin， has been explored and developed for over 60 years. It is urgent to solve the theoretical understanding problems such as oil and gas resource potential， exploration direction， and accumulation law to realize the sustainable development of oil and gas exploration. The evolution process of hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon generation potential of different types of source rocks were compared based on the analysis and testing of the sedimentary environment and organic geochemical characteristics of a large number of source rock samples in the primary hydrocarbon-generating strata and the hydrocarbon generation simulation experiment. It is found that the source rocks in the saline environment have the characteristics of high ancient productivity and low activation energy， and a “saline and hydrocarbon-rich” of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mode was established in the continental lake basin. It breaks through the traditional understanding that source rock in freshwater environments is the primary source of oil and gas. It is pointed out that “strong cementation in early stage and strong dissolution in late stage” are the essential reasons for the formation of a large number of secondary dissolution pores in the deep reservoirs by analyzing the relationship between porosity and acid-base properties of formation fluid during diagenetic evolution of deep reservoirs. The genetic problem of effective reservoirs of deep clastic rocks under a high geothermal background is solved. The paper summarizes and puts forward the orderly distribution of lithology， structure-lithology， lithology-structure， and tectonic reservoirs from subsag to slope zones based on the exploration practice in Jiyang Depression. Therefore， the theoretical understanding of refined oil and gas exploration in mature exploration areas of “saline and hydrocarbon-rich， acid-base control， and orderly accumulation” has been innovated， and the potential of remaining resources has been defined. The direction of deep exploration has been pointed out， so oil and gas exploration has changed from passive transfer to active exploration. The division and optimization method of the “exploration layer unit” suitable for the refined exploration stage is innovatively established， and a “seven-step” refined exploration and evaluation process is formed for mature exploration areas. The paper points out the critical exploration directions and fields with increasing reserves in the future， which provide essential guarantees for the long-term benefit and sustainable development of the oilfield based on the new geological understanding of Jiyang Depression and the results of the latest round of oil and gas resource evaluation.

Purposes Rebar plays an indispensable role in construction engineering; however, challenges such as densely packed end faces, non-uniform diameter scales, adhesive boundaries, background fusion, and occlusions between end faces have made precise counting a significant challenge. In recent years, deep learning has made remarkable strides in the field of dense object counting. Nonetheless, deep leaming faces limitations because of the need for large-scale data and computational resources, hindering its practical application. Methods In response to these challenges, an enhanced YOLOv8 model framework is introduced for rebar end detection. The framework incorporates Spatial and Channel reconstruction Convolutional (SCConv) modules and the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function tailored for small object detection. Findings Experimental results from ablation tests demonstrate that the SCConv module significantly reduces network parameters while maintains network performance. Furthermore, the NWD loss function notably enhances the accuracy of rebar end detection in large models. This re search provides an effective solution for achieving high-precision and lightweight rebar counting.

Abstract Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is recognized as pivotal in various retinal diseases. Previous studies have suggested a reciprocal regulation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and EMT, though the involvement of peroxidized lipids or the effects of reducing them has remained unclear. The present study disclosed that EMT of ARPE-19 cells induced by TGF-β2 and TNF-α involves increased lipid peroxidation, and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a lipophilic antioxidative agent, successfully inhibited the increase in lipid peroxidation. Fer-1 suppressed the formation of EMT-associated fibrotic deposits, while EMT induction or Fer-1 treatment did not influence the cell viability or proliferation. Functionally, Fer-1 impeded EMT-driven cell migration and reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance. It demonstrated regulatory prowess by downregulating the mesenchymal marker fibronectin, upregulating the epithelial marker ZO-1, and inhibiting the EMT-associated transcriptional factor ZEB1. Additionally, VEGF, a major pathogenic cytokine in various retinal diseases, is also upregulated during EMT, and Fer-1 significantly mitigated the effect. The present study disclosed the involvement of lipid peroxidation in EMT of RPE cells, and suggests the suppression of lipid peroxidation may be a potential therapeutic target in retinal diseases in which EMT is implicated.

The aim of this study is to enhance the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete through diverse measures in an effort to enhance solid waste disposal, reduce the consumption of natural aggregates, and broaden the utilization of recycled aggregate concrete. Six sets of fully recycled aggregate concrete specimens were prepared and subjected to rapid carbonation tests. Carbonation depth and compressive strength measurements were taken at different ages (3, 7, 14, and 28 days). Subsequent calculations and analyses were conducted on both parameters for each set of specimens. Results indicate that the incorporation of microspheres and high-toughness polypropylene fibers (HTPP) substantially improves the carbonation resistance of fully recycled aggregate concrete, leading to a 48% reduction in carbonation depth by the 28th day. Furthermore, a relative compressive strength model for fully recycled aggregate concrete post-carbonation was established based on the strength data of each specimen group. This model accurately depicts the growth pattern of compressive strength after carbonation. Additionally, a carbonation depth prediction model was developed through fitting analysis of carbonation depth data, effectively foreseeing the depth of carbonation in fully recycled aggregate concrete. Based on the carbonation depth, the carbonation life of fully recycled aggregate concrete was predicted. The carbonation life of recycled aggregate concrete with added microspheres and HTPP fibers can be increased by up to 278%. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the microstructure of fully recycled aggregate concrete, revealing the mechanisms by which various methods enhance its carbonation resistance. The carbonation resistance improvement technology of fully recycled aggregate concrete is selected through this study characteristics such as simplicity, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, which are crucial for the widespread application of recycled aggregate concrete in building structures.

A cross-domain recommendation algorithm combining multi-personalized bridges and self-supervised learning (MS-PTUPCDR) is proposed for users with less project interaction in the target domain in the cross-domain recommendation system. Firstly, a variational bipartite graph encoder is added to the target domain, and a variational inference framework is used to generate potential variables. The target domain user representation aggregates their isomor-phic neighbor information. Secondly, the user??s single preference bridge is extended to the user??s multi-personalized preference bridge, the user's transferable user factors in the multi-source domain are transferred to the target domain, and the multi-head attention mechanism is added to the target domain to fuse the user's potential factors from different source domains as the auxiliary task of self-supervised learning. Finally, this paper aggregates user neighbor factors and the fused user multi-source domain transfer user factors for self-supervised learning. In the target domain, the project score of the target domain is predicted by the dot product of the user factor and the project factor of the target domain after the user's supervised learning. The algorithm is tested on two datasets, Amazon and MovieLens, and the results show that the algorithm outperforms the comparative baseline algorithm in terms of MAE and RMSE evaluation metrics. Compared with the optimal comparative baseline algorithm on both datasets, the MAE is improved by 1.96% on average, and the RMSE is improved by 1.92% on average, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Aluminum nitride (AlN) has high thermal conductivity, good insulation, low thermal expansion coefficient, non-magnetic, and other excellent properties used as a key material for high-end equipment in semiconductor, electric vacuum, and other fields. Especially in aerospace, rail transportation, new energy equipment, high-power LED, 5G communication, power transmission, industrial control, and other fields of power devices, AlN has an irreplaceable role. The high-grade powders are the basis for the preparation of high-performance ceramics. The properties of AlN powders directly affect the forming, sintering, microstructure, and performance of the AlN ceramics. Carbothermal reduction-nitridation method is a promising method to produce the AlN powders with high purity, fine particle size, and high sintering property. The evaluation indexes of the AlN powders and the research progress on the carbothermal reduction-nitridation of AlN powders were reviewed in this paper, and the direction and trend of future research and industrialization were proposed.

The construction of a healthy China cannot be separated from the improvement of the national nutrition and health level， and the improvement and upgrading of the national nutrition and health level cannot be separated from a solid legal system and policy improvement. This paper studied the nutritional laws of the United States and Japan， analyzed and summarized the experiences of the two countries to improve the relevant laws and policies of our country， and to promote the construction of healthy China.

Removable partial denture is one of the most important means of treating dental defects for its high strength, low price, wide range of indications, minimal trauma and repairability. With the aging of the population becoming more and more prominent, removable partial dentures will continue to be a common restorative method in the future. The production of removable partial denture cannot be separated from the accurate impression technology, and there are many shortcomings in the process of taking impressions of traditional removable partial denture, such as the number of visits, time-consuming, complex production process, high pollution, waste, low efficiency, and the quality is not easy to control, etc. However, the emergence of digital impression provides new technical support for the taking of removable partial denture impression. Digital impression technology has the advantages of high precision, comfort, high efficiency, shortened treatment time and personalized design, which helps to improve the effect of removable partial denture restoration and patient satisfaction. As the premise and foundation of the whole digital removable partial denture restoration treatment, accuracy of the reconstruction of the oral model directly affects the final denture restoration effect. At present, digital impression technology has been widely used in the field of oral restoration. This paper will review the current status of the application of digital impression technology in removable partial denture, in order to further guide the clinical application.

Objective To explore the perioperative situation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy or open hepatectomy and their effects on liver function. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 85 patients with HCC who visited the Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into open group (open hepatectomy, n=53) and laparoscopic group (laparoscopic hepatectomy, n=32). Both groups of patients were followed up for one month after discharge. The general information, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and liver function indicators were compared between two groups of patients. Results Compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group had shorter hospitalization time ［(14.19±3.02) d vs (16.36±3.30) d, t=3.03, P＜0.01］, as well as shorter time for the first postoperative anal evacuation ［(2.30±0.77) d vs (2.75±0.49) d, t=3.29, P＜0.01］ and less intraoperative bleeding ［(395.63±70.25) mL vs (440.38±62.42) mL, t=3.05, P＜0.01］. Serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in the laparoscopic group than those in the open group at 3 days postoperatively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). In the 1-month postoperative period, the difference in the overall rate of postoperative complications between the two groups was not statistically significant (15.63% vs 16.98%, χ2=0.92, P=0.34). Conclusion For patients with HCC, the application of laparoscopic hepatectomy is safe and feasible, which can reduce the impact on liver function, shorten hospitalization time, and promote early recovery.

Coal is a porous material containing pore structures and mineral components, exhibiting pronounced anisotropy and size effects.In order to investigate the influence of coal anisotropy and size effects on its failure characteristics, this paper proposes a simulation method for characterizing and reconstructing three-dimensionally the internal pores and mineral components of coal samples based on CT scanning, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction.Specifically, we obtained simulation parameters of three-dimensional reconstruction models of coal matrix and mineral components through inverse laboratory uniaxial compression experiments, while simulated and analyzed the strength damage characteristics of coal bodies with different aspect ratios.The simulation results show that: ① During the loading process, the plastic zone first gradually expands and connects outward around the pores and mineral components.In terms of spatial distribution, the plastic zone expands vertically from the loading end to the interior in the early stage, and in the later stage, it expands horizontally from the surroundings to the interior.After the model is damaged, a "double truncated cone structure" is formed in the non-plastic zone.② The increase of aspect ratio leads to an increase in the compressive strength(p) of coal samples, the strain(ζ) at yielding strength, and the elastic modulus(K), among which ζ and K increase linearly, while the margin of increase in p gradually decreases.③ The total energy and elastic energy of coal sample loading increase exponentially, while the dissipated energy increases linearly.The increase of aspect ratio leads to an increase both in the accumulated elastic energy in the coal body and in the released energy during failure, which easily induce dynamic impact-related disasters.This study provide references for the reasonable selection of coal pillar size in impact mine pressure area.

This article introduces an approach aimed at enabling self-driving cars to emulate human-learned driving behavior. We propose a method where the navigation challenge of autonomous vehicles, from starting to ending positions, is framed as a series of decision-making problems encountered in various states negating the requirement for high-precision maps and routing systems. Utilizing high-quality images and sensor-derived state information, we design rewards to guide an agent’s movement from the initial to the final destination. The soft actor-critic algorithm is employed to learn the optimal policy from the interaction between the agent and the environment, informed by these states and rewards. In an innovative approach, we apply the variational autoencoder technique to extract latent vectors from high-quality images, reconstructing a new state space with vehicle state vectors. This method reduces hardware requirements and enhances training efficiency and task success rates. Simulation tests conducted in the CARLA simulator demonstrate the superiority of our method over others. It enhances the intelligence of autonomous vehicles without the need for intermediate processes such as target detection, while concurrently reducing the hardware footprint, even though it may not perform as well as the currently available mature techniques.

[Objective] This study aimed to efficiently utilize the resources of Phlebopus portentosus and develop its polysaccharide functional food. [Methods] The mycelium of P. portentosus was cultured and fermented, and the combined fermentation broth was concentrated at low a temperature and reduced pressure. Then, precipitated by ethanol, separated, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography, and the polysaccharide was finally refined by dialysis to remove the small molecular impurities. The total sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetry, the monosaccharide composition was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the impurities such as nucleic acid and protein were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The structure of polysaccharides was analyzed preliminarily by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). [Results] The content of total sugar was 84%. The main monosaccharides of the polysaccharide were glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose, the molar ratio of which was 2.07∶1.95∶1.00∶1.58. Obvious polysaccharide absorption peaks were shown in the infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, through which an α-type pyranose can be inferred in the polysaccharide. [Conclusion] The polysaccharides prepared from the fermentation broth of P. portentosus were mainly composed of four monosaccharides, the structure of which contained α-pyranose.

Abstract Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common respiratory pathogen affecting the longevity of the elderly and the health of children. However, the human vaccine against MP has not been successfully developed till now due to the poor immunogenicity and side effects of MP inactivated or attenuated vaccine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a MP genetic engineering vaccine with influenza virus strain as vector. Methods In this study, the major antigen genes P1a of MP adhesion factor P1(3862‐4554 bases) and P30a of P30(49‐822 bases) were inserted into the nonstructural protein (NS) gene of Influenza A virus strain A/Puerto Rio/8/34(H1N1), PR8 for short, to construct the recombinant vectors NS‐P1a or NS‐P30a. The recombinant pHW2000 plasmids containing NS‐P1a or NS‐P30a were cotransfected with the rest 7 fragments of PR8 into HEK293T cells. After inoculating chicken embryos, the recombinant influenza viruses rFLU‐P1a and rFLU‐P30a were rescued. RT‐PCR and sequencing were used to identify the recombinant viruses. The hemagglutination titers of rFLU‐P1a and rFLU‐P30a were determined after five successive generations in chicken embryos so as to indicate the genetic stability of the recombinant viruses. The morphology of recombinant influenza viruses was observed under electron microscopy. Results P1a or P30a was designed to be inserted into the modified NS gene sequence separately and synthesized successfully. RT‐PCR identification of the recombinant viruses rFLU‐P1a and rFLU‐P30a showed that P1a (693 bp), P30a (774 bp), NS‐P1a (1992bp) and NS‐P30a (2073 bp) bands were found, and the sequencing results were correct. After five successive generations, each virus generation has a certain hemagglutination titer (from 1:32 to 1:64), and the band of P1a or P30a can be seen in the corresponding positions. The virus particles under the electron microscope appeared as spheres or long strips connected by several particles, revealing a complete viral membrane structure composed of virus lipid bilayer, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix proteins. Conclusion The recombinant viruses rFLU‐P1a and rFLU‐P30a which carried the advantaged immune regions of the P1 and P30 genes in MP were successfully constructed and identified. And the genetic stability of rFLU‐P1a or rFLU‐P30a was relatively high. The typical and complete morphology of influenza virus was observed under the electron microscope. Our research provided a foundation for the further development of MP vaccines for human.

In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted to investigate the efficiency and mechanism of methylene blue (MB) removal from water using blue coke-based activated carbon (AC) as an adsorbent. The investigation encompassed several critical parameters, including adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, temperature, initial MB concentration, and the regeneration capacity of the adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism of MB by AC was elucidated through instrumental analysis and theoretical models such as adsorption kinetics, isotherm models, and thermodynamic analysis. The experimental results demonstrated several key findings: the removal efficiency of MB increased with the adsorbent dosage, although the unit adsorption capacity decreased; the removal rate of MB rose rapidly with increasing contact time and reached equilibrium after 90 min; the highest removal efficiency was achieved at pH 6; the adsorption capacity increased with higher initial MB concentrations. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the predominant control step. The adsorption process was identified as a spontaneous reaction, with the Langmuir model suggesting a maximum adsorption capacity of 2040.696 mg/g at 318 K. Furthermore, AC exhibited an abundant mesoporous structure and surface functional groups, contributing to the efficient removal of MB. The adsorption mechanism involved pore-filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and electrostatic attraction. Additionally, AC demonstrated excellent regeneration performance. These findings suggest that AC prepared from blue coke holds significant potential for industrial applications in MB removal, owing to its high removal efficiency, low cost, and good regenerative properties, making it highly valuable for practical use.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common gastrointestinal system malignancy. PACSIN1 functions as an oncogene in various cancers. This study aims to investigate the potential of PACSIN1 as a target in GC treatment. Gene expression is determined by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry assay. FISH is performed to determine the colocalization of PACSIN1 and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I). Cytokine release and cell functions are analyzed by flow cytometry. In vivo assays are also conducted. Histological analysis is performed using H&E staining. The results show that PACSIN1 is overexpressed in GC patients, especially in those with immunologically-cold tumors. A high level of PACSIN1 is associated with poor prognosis. PACSIN1 deficiency inhibits autophagy but increases antigen presentation in GC cells. Moreover, PACSIN1 deficiency inhibits the lysosomal fusion and selective autophagy of MHC-I, increases CD8 + T-cell infiltration, and suppresses tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Additionally, PACSIN1 knockout enhances the chemosensitivity of cells to immune checkpoint blockade. In summary, PACSIN1 mediates lysosomal fusion and selective autophagy of MHC-I and suppresses antigen presentation and CD8 + T-cell infiltration, thus inhibiting antitumor immunity in GC.

The tight sandstone reservoirs are deeply buried and strongly influenced by diagenetic processes such as mechanical compaction， dissolution， and metasomatism. Therefore， their lithological characteristics are complex. As the exploration and development of oil and gas resources go towards deeper reservoirs， the high ground stress and high confining pressure in deep layers have a significant impact on the brittleness and plasticity of reservoirs， which affects the hydraulic fracturing effect and oil and gas production. The deep tight sandstone reservoir in central Junggar Basin has abundant reserves. However， traditional oil and gas extraction methods fail to meet production needs due to the deep burial depth， poor physical properties， and abnormally high confining pressure of the reservoir， as well as limited understanding of the brittleness variation law of its in-situ geomechanical core. To this end， through physical experiments and numerical simulation techniques， this paper studies the differences in rock mechanics characteristics， brittleness and plasticity transformation， fracture modes， and acoustic emission characteristics of deep rock cores in the central Junggar Basin. The results show that as the confining pressure increases， the rock transitions from brittle failure to plastic failure， and the fracture mode changes from splitting failure to shear failure， weakening the brittleness of sandstone. The overall degree of sandstone brittleness reflected by the six brittleness indices based on the energy balance method and normalization treatment decreases， but the numerical ranges of different brittleness indices and their correlation with brittleness vary. The triaxial compression test experiments of core models with different brittle values show that when the content of brittle minerals is low， the rock exhibits single oblique shear failure. As the content of brittle minerals increases， rock exhibits a composite failure mode with multiple fracture surfaces. There is a correlation between the acoustic emission characteristics during rock fracture and its brittleness， involving three modes： swarm type， foreshock–main shock–aftershock type， and main shock type.

[ Objective ] Cadmium pollution in farmland soil poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products. To explore the characteristics of cadmium accumulation , distribution , and transport in various organs of wheat and oat under different conditions of reduced chemical fertilizer and organic fer- tilizer application is of great importance in guiding appropriate fertilizer application on crops and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. [ Methods ] Based on a 20% reduction in fertilizer application , four fer- tilization treatments were set up : Stable fertilizer 30 000 kg / hm 2 ( AM ), bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg / hm 2 ( BF ), stable fertilizer 30 000 kg / hm 2 +bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg / hm 2 ( AM+BF ), and normal fertilizer application ( CK ) . The effects of the above four different organic fertilizer treatments on cadmium accumu- lation , distribution , and transport in wheat and oat were studied. [ Results ] ( 1 ) Compared with CK , dif- ferent organic fertilizer combinations increased the biomass of wheat and oat by 6.78%-11.00%. At the same time , it reduced the overall cadmium content in various organs , with a decrease of 11.76%-47.06% in grain cadmium content. ( 2 ) The combined application of various organic fertilizers resulted in an overall decrease in the cadmium enrichment coefficient of various organs , with a decrease of 0-38.46% in the grain enrichment coefficient. The transport coefficients of cadmium from roots , stems , leaves , and pani- cles to grains were decreased by 16.67%-42.86% , 15.79%-42.03% , 0-56.10% , and 6.82% - 22.06% , respectively in BF and AM+BF treatments. ( 3 ) The decrease in stem cadmium content after oat filling period was accompanied by an increase in grain cadmium content. The transfer amount , transfer rate , and contribution rate of cadmium from various organs to grains in oats after heading stage were the highest in the stem. [ Conclusion ] Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertil- izers could reduce cadmium content , enrichment coefficient , and transport coefficient in crop grains , and the cadmium reduction effect on oat grains was better than that on wheat. The cadmium transported from the stem after the heading stage of oats was the main source of grain cadmium accumulation.

In order to improve the quality and safety level of food related products and provide a basis for the government to scientifically and quickly evaluate the quality and safety status of food related products, this article constructed a set of food related product quality and safety situation evaluation indicators system based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) from four dimensions, including regulatory regulation, quality and safety, industry health, and hot topic attention, which consisted of 15 secondary indicators. Based on this system, an empirical evaluation was conducted on the quality and safety status of food related products in Shanghai. The results indicated that the total score of the quality and safety situation of food related products in Shanghai was 87.43, which was at a good level.

Abstract Using polyaspartic acid (PAsp) and bentonite (BT) as the main raw materials, a new type of degradable soil water retaining agent (PAsp-AA/BT) was synthesized by microwave radiation. The optimum synthesis conditions and comprehensive properties of PAsp-AA/BT were discussed and the structure and surface characteristics of PAspsp-AA/BT were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGA in the paper. The results showed that the optimum synthesis conditions of PAsp-AA/BT were as follows: the dosages of polyaspartic acid (PAsp), bentonite (BT), initiator potassium persulfate, crosslinking agent N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide was 5, 3, 0.3, 0.03%, respectively, the neutralization degree of acrylic acid was 75%, and the microwave power was 490W. Under this condition, the absorption ratio of the synthesized PAspsp-AA/BT in deionized water and 0.9% NaCl solution was 953 and 164 g/g, respectively. The synthesized PAsp-AA/BT had a high water absorption rate, good water retention and repeated water absorption, and the degradation rate in soil within 30 days reached 32.75%, with good degradation effect. The analysis of SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA showed that: the surface of PAsp-AA/BT was rough and had obvious pore structure, which was conducive to the diffusion of water molecules; polyaspartic acid, bentonite and acrylic acid were polymerized; the cross-linking structure was formed between polyaspartic acid, bentonite and acrylic acid; the product of PASP-AA/BT had good thermal stability. This study provides a new soil water retaining agent, which is helpful for the better development of soil water retaining agent research.

Amide alcohol drugs have a long half-life and are difficult to excrete through the metabolic process after entering the human body. Excessive amide alcohol drugs will cause serious harm to human organs. Therefore, China has formulated a strict maximum residue limit standard for amide alcohol drugs, in which chloramphenicol can’t be detected in all edible tissues. This review introduces the application of chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrochemical method, electrochemiluminescence method, immunoassay, fluorescence method and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method in the detection of amide alcohol drugs in animal-origin foods, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed and new techniques for the detection of amidol alcohol drugs in the future are prospected.

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavin-dependent metabolic enzyme that oxidizes dihydroorotate acid to orotic acid in the de novo synthesis pathway of pyrimidine metabolism. DHODH is located in mitochondria, closely related to cellular oxidative phosphorylation, and an important suppressor of the ferroptosis pathway. This study investigates the influence of DHODH on the progression of malignant tumors, including its important role in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine, oxidative phosphorylation, and ferroptosis. The objective is to present evidence that DHODH is a potential target for the clinical treatment of tumors.

Understanding the ultrafast excitation, detection, transportation, and manipulation of nanoscale spin dynamics in the terahertz (THz) frequency range is critical to developing spintronic THz optoelectronic nanodevices. However, the diffraction limitation of the sub-millimeter waves – THz wavelengths – has impaired experimental investigation of spintronic THz nano-emission. Here, we present an approach to studying laser THz emission nanoscopy from W|CoFeB|Pt metasurfaces with ∼60-nm lateral spatial resolution. When comparing with statistic near-field THz time-domain spectroscopy with and without the heterostructures on fused silica substrates, we find that polarization- and phase-sensitive THz emission nanoscopy is more sensitive than the statistic THz scattering intensity nanoscopy. Our approach opens explorations of nanoscale ultrafast THz spintronic dynamics in optically excited metasurfaces.

Continuous SiC fibers reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites have wide applications in the aerospace and nuclear fields owing to their excellent high-temperature resistance, good oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. The precursor-derived method has been the most important method for preparing continuous SiC fibers. The introduction of specific hetero elements could effectively improve properties of SiC fibers. Based on the research work on precursor-derived SiC fibers of high performance carried out by our group in the past forty years, this review firstly summarizes the addition methods of hetero elements, mainly including physical blending or chemical modification methods; The role and mechanism of hetero elements have been elucidated from several aspects: increasing the ceramic yield of the precursor, facilitating densification during sintering of the precursor-derived SiC fibers, improving high-temperature resistance of the final SiC fibers, and generating functions of SiC fibers; The composition, microstructure, properties, and developmental status of SiC fibers containing hetero elements, such as Ti, Al, Zr, Fe, B, as well as refractory metals (Hf, Ta, Nb), have been introduced. Furthermore, future research in the development of precursor systems, quantitative study of the relationship between the types and contents of hetero elements and properties of derived fibers, as well as engineering applications of the precursor-derived SiC fibers, has been prospected.

The MCrAlY(M=Ni, Co or NiCo)has become a widely used bond-coat material of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) due to its advantages of high-temperature oxidation resistance and high thermal expansion coefficient, with the continuous increase in turbine inlet temperature of aero engines and gas turbines. However, the stress distribution at the interface between the bond and top coating in thermal barrier coatings becomes more complicated under a high-temperature service environment. The failure of the bond-coat leads to the spalling of the top coating, which limits the development of the thermal protection coating field. The development process of the bond-coat was briefly described.The failure behavior of the bond-coat interface due to high-temperature phase transition, increased thermal and growth stresses, and S-element diffusion was focused on, and the failure mechanism of the bond-coat interface was analyzed. The research on improving the bond-coat interface failure at home and abroad was summarized. The synergistic strengthening of MCrAlY by rare earth and nanoparticles is proposed, which provides a research direction for the future optimization design of thermal bond-coat systems.

A scalable approach for manufacturing highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns has been reported previously. Herein, the effects of twist-related technological parameters, namely, wrapping density and outer-inner twist ratio are investigated and have been optimized by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results indicate that the preparatory twist-related parameters have a remarkable effect on the spiral geometrical configuration of yarn constituents, and thus in turn influencing the final tensile and elastic properties of wrapped yarns. The wrapping density of 800 T·m−1 and outer-inner twist ratio of 1.25 were considered as the optimal alternative using TOPSIS. Moreover, a negative relation between voltage and color-changing time of yarn spun with optimal parameters was established. It was also found that the color of yarn above elevated triggered voltages always switched from purple to pink but followed different color-changing paths. More importantly, thermochromic response of yarn is insensitive to the applied strain.

In this work, an Ag–Ti2SnC composite was fabricated by the hot-pressing sintering method, and the erosion behavior of Ag–Ti2SnC with volume percentages of 10–40% was studied at a load voltage of 10 kV. The arc life and breakdown current were observed at about 31–36 ms and 39 A, respectively. The cathode spot traveled the fastest on the surface of the Ag–40 vol% Ti2SnC composite. Due to emission center model, the temperature of the minor protrusions on the cathode surface increased, resulting in Ag ions, Ti ions, and Sn ions being generated. Combining with the ionized oxygen, Ag2O, AgO, TiO2, and SnO2 were formed on the eroded Ag–Ti2SnC surface after arc erosion. The research results will broaden the application range of Ag–Ti2SnC electrical contact material and enrich the arc erosion mechanism.

Highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns, which employ elastane filament (EF) as core, stainless steel wire, and thermochromic polyester filament as the first and second winding, was prepared, and the effect of elastane draft upon yarn properties was investigated. It was found that the elastane draft played an essential role in determining the final yarn behavior, and the optimized elastane draft parameter was 2.5 using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It is a distinctive configuration of yarn’s constituents and the EF draft that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of yarns, and it showed mechanical robustness following cyclic stretch. Importantly, the yarn exhibited rapid, durable, and reversible color conversion when subjected to cyclic voltage, cyclic abrasion, and alkali. Finally, a flower-shaped pattern was fabricated by embroidering yarn onto an elastic substrate as a proof-of-concept, and no obvious variation of color fidelity was observed during the stretch.

The severity of the dengue epidemic is on the rise, with its geographic range had expanded to southern Europe by 2024. In this August, the WHO updated the pathogens that could spark the next pandemic, dengue virus was on the list. Vaccines and drugs serve as powerful tools for both preventing dengue infections and treating patients. Animal models play a pivotal role in vaccine development and drug screening. Available potential susceptible animals, including non-human primates, rodents, pigs, and tree shrews, have been extensively explored to establish animal models of dengue disease. Despite significant advancements, there are still notable limitations. Different animal models exhibit distinct constraining factors such as viraemia, host susceptibility, immune function of the host, clinical symptoms, ADE (antibody-dependent enhancement) phenomena, cytokine storm response to various serotypes and strain variations. Furthermore, despite extensive research on the dengue virus receptor in recent years, genetically modified animal models immunocompetent harbouring dengue virus susceptibility receptors have not yet been available. This work reviewed the research progress of dengue virus receptors and dengue animal models, suggesting that the development of genetically modified murine models expressing dengue virus functional receptors may hold a promise for future dengue disease research, especially for its vaccine development.

Islamic law was once the mainstream legal system in the world, but due to various reasons, especially Western colonialism and nationalism, it has in fact declined. Therefore, the purpose of this article is focused to conduct a longitudinal analysis of impact on Islamic law during the colonialist and then nationalist periods. The study was conducted by way of content analysis as well as through the application of inductive and deductive methodologies. The conclusion drawn is that the decline of Islamic law is hindered by the infiltration of Western secularist laws and the internal obstacles from Muslim nation-states, nevertheless Islamic law has never stopped moving forward. There are two main reasons for this is, first, because Western laws are in fact an experiential product developed by Western countries in a specific historical context and which only represents the ideology of Western societies and their citizens. Second, although the nationalist elites of Muslim nation-states have seriously reflected on Western laws in the process of development, combined with the guided willingness of the general public, Islamic law has been deliberately marginalized. In fact, due to the destructive influence of colonial forces as well as the nationalization by Muslims themselves, the function of Islamic law in all aspects of life has been weakened, and then the crisis brought to the Muslim world by this is unprecedented.

Fe nanoparticle-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon (Fe0/OMC) was synthesized using triblock copolymers as templates and through solvent evaporation self-assembly, followed by a carbothermal reduction. Fe0/OMC had three microstructures of two-dimensional hexagonal (space group, p6mm, Fe0/OMC-1), body centered cubic (Im3̄m, Fe0/OMC-2), and face centered cubic (Fm3̄m, Fe0/OMC-3) which were controlled by simply adjusting the template. All Fe0/OMC displayed paramagnetic characteristics, with a maximum saturation magnetization of 50.1 emu·g−1. This high magnetization is advantageous for the swift extraction of the adsorbent from the solution following the adsorption process. Fe0/OMC was used as an adsorbent for the removal of silver ions (Ag(i)) from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption capacity of Fe0/OMC-1 was enhanced by the functionalization of Fe0. Adsorption property of Fe0/OMC-1 was significantly higher than that of Fe0/OMC-2 and Fe0/OMC-3, indicating that the long and straight ordered pore channels were more favorable for adsorption, and the adsorption capacity of Ag(i) on Fe0/OMC-1 was 233 mg·g−1. The adsorption process exhibited conformity with both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model, suggesting that the dominant mechanism of adsorption involved multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.