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As natural bioactive compounds, plant pigments play crucial roles not only in plant phenotype, growth, development, and adaptation to stress but also hold unique value in biotechnology, healthcare, and industrial applications. There is growing interest in the biosynthesis and acquisition of plant pigments. Thus, this paper explores emerging extraction methods of natural pigments and elucidates the biosynthesis pathways of four key plant pigments, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalaine in vivo and in vitro. We comprehensively discuss the application of solvent, supercritical fluid [extraction], ultrasonic, and microwave-assisted extraction techniques, as well as introducing key enzymes, precursors, and synthetic pathways involved in pigment synthesis. δ-Aminolevulinic acid represents a pivotal initiating enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis, whereas isopentenylpyrophosphate, (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, (DMAPP) are closely associated with carotenoid biosynthesis. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are critical substances for anthocyanin and betalaine synthesis, respectively. Hence, crucial genes such as chlI, crtB, PGT8, CYP76AD1, and BvDODA can be employed for heterologous biosynthesis in vitro to meet the demand for increased plant pigment amount. As a pivotal determinant of plant coloration, an in-depth exploration into the high-quality acquisition of plant pigments can provide a basis for developing superior pigments and offer new insights into increasing pigment yield.

[Objective] Gravel is an important factor affecting soil porosity and water infiltration. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the specific soil porosity characteristics that are impacted by gravel-induced changes. [Methods] Taking lime soil with high gravel content in southwest karst area as the research object, CT scanning and one-dimensional soil column infiltration test were used to compare and analyze the soil pore characteristics and water infiltration characteristics under two gravel particle sizes (2.0~5.0 and 5.0~12.5 mm) and five gravel contents (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). The structural equation model was used to explore the coupling relationship between soil pore characteristics and infiltration characteristics. [Results] (1) The macroporosity, pore connectivity, pore shape factor, pore surface area and pore volume of gravel-bearing soil are higher than those of gravel-free soil. When the gravel content was 20% and 30%, there was significant difference between pore connectivity and pore shape factor (p < 0.05). (2) Gravel improved soil infiltration performance, with stable infiltration rates of gravel content from 10% to 40% being 4.02, 5.00, 2.88 and 5.14 times higher than those of gravel-free soils, and cumulative infiltration being 1.67, 1.76, 2.49 and 2.39 times higher, respectively, for particle sizes ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 mm. When the particle size was 5.0~12.5 mm, the stable infiltration rate was 2.20, 2.67, 4.78 and 2.78 times of that without gravel, and the cumulative infiltration amount was 1.42, 1.75, 2.46 and 2.02 times of that without gravel, respectively. (3) In the structural equation model, gravel content was positively correlated with pore connectivity and pore equivalent diameter. Pore connectivity had the greatest influence on the steady infiltration rate, and pore equivalent diameter had the greatest influence on the cumulative infiltration rate. [Conclusion] Gravel content promotes water infiltration mainly by increasing soil pore connectivity and pore equivalent diameter. The research results can provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for further understanding the hydrological process of gravel-bearing soil in southwest karst area.

The existing non-linear flow model does not consider the influence of temperature change on the non-linear flow law. Therefore， based on the capillary flow model， the Hagen-Poiseuille equation， and the boundary layer theory， as well as the influence of the temperature on the thickness of the boundary layer and the yield stress of the fluid， a dynamic non-linear flow model in low-permeability porous media considering the influence of temperature was derived. Then， the fitting verification was carried out according to the experimental data in published literature， and the calculated flow velocity curve and minimum start-up pressure gradient were highly consistent with the experimental data， which revealed the correctness of the dynamic non-linear flow model. Meanwhile， the comparative analysis with the static non-linear flow model and the Darcy flow model illustrated the rationality of the dynamic non-linear flow model. The sensitivity analysis of the flow velocity curve revealed that the increase in coefficients A and B made the flow velocity curve right-shift； the curvature degree of the non-linear flow section was weakened， and the minimum start-up pressure gradient was increased. The increase in the temperature had a much more significant effect on the flow velocity curve， which made the velocity curve move up obviously. The curvature degree of the non-linear flow section weakened， and the minimum start-up pressure gradient increased. The proposal of this dynamic non-linear flow model further enriches the development of the non-linear flow theory and can be extended to the numerical simulation of two-phase flow and high-temperature and high-pressure oil and gas reservoirs.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a pivotal determinant for wastewater discharge compliance standards. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular composition of DOM is imperative for its efficient removal. In this study, wastewater from a natural gas purification plant was investigated. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and three-dimensional excitation-emission-matrix spectra (3D-EEMs) were employed to analyze the fluorescence properties, molecular composition, mass-to-charge ratio, and molecular transformations of DOM during the oxidation process at molecular level. The 3D-EEM results indicated wastewater was dominated by humic substances, followed by fulvic acid substances. O3/H2O2 oxidation reduced the fluorescence intensity of humic substances, while DOM degradation was constrained by the reaction characteristics of ozone with electron-rich organic compounds. In contrast,the O3/H2O2-Fenton combined oxidation significantly reduced the overall fluorescence intensity, and effectively removed humic-like substances. FT-ICR MS results revealed that O3/H2O2 oxidation removed part of CHO and CHON type DOM, while the removal efficiency for CHOS and CHONS types was less pronounced. Polycyclic aromatic and highly unsaturated compounds were transformed into aliphatic compounds by ozone, with increase of the oxygen content of CHO type DOM. O3/H2O2-Fenton oxidation exhibited superior removal efficiency for CHOS and CHONS type DOM, which almost eliminated polyphenolic compounds and generated DOM with lower oxygen content and higher saturation. Furthermore, the combined oxidation process significantly mitigated ultrafiltration membrane fouling with removing a substantial portion of reversible and irreversible fouling.

The γ-linolenic acid (GLA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds, has attracted much attention due to its numerous biological properties. Borage, evening primrose, and blackcurrant are the primary sources of GLA, while algae and fungi constitute the majority of microbial sources. Existing GLA separation and purification technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. A single enrichment method can not meet the requirements for high-purity GLA. The comprehensive use of different methods and the combination of modern separation and extraction technology could be the methods for preparing GLA in the future. Simultaneously, numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of GLA in the body’s metabolism and physiological control, as well as its efficacy in blood lipids, antithrombotic cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action. This review of GLA sources, enrichment methods,metabolic pathways and physiological efficacy in humans could provide theoretical support for GLA as a functional health food for the prevention of multiple chronic diseases.

In order to improve the utilization of olive pomace, single-factor experiments were set up to investigate the effects of the amount of water and olive pomace addition on the quality of bread. Firstly, the basic components of olive pomace were determined. Secondly, the effects of water addition (50%, 52%, 54%, and 56%) on bread quality were investigated. After that, the influence of added olive pomace (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) was also studied. The quality of bread was evaluated by taste, aroma and surface color, while physical properties were analyzed by the texture and the specific volume of bread. Results showed that the quality of bread was the best under the condition of adding 52% of moisture and 10% of olive pomace. With the addition of olive pomace, the specific volume of bread decreased, and the cohesion of bread decreased while the values of hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness increased. considered the appearance, quality, aroma and fiber content of bread, it was thought as the best to add 10% of olive pomace to the bread.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to discuss the use of protein materials in formula food for special medical purposes to provide a reference for the selection of the protein materials， product registration management， and clinical use in the development and design of formula food for special medical purposes.MethodsThis study summarized and analyzed the requirements of the protein in terms of the regulations and standards， the characteristics of protein materials， and their use status in different types of formula food for special medical purposes from the perspective of evaluation.ResultsProtein plays an essential role in formula food for special medical purposes. The commonly used protein materials include whey proteins， casein and soybean protein isolates， hydrolyzed protein， and amino acids. Based on the different applicable people， proteins have different characteristics and clinical applications in nutritionally complete formulas， protein modules， and nutritionally complete formulas for a specific disease.ConclusionFollowing the current requirements of registration and standards and the literature review， studies on the characteristics of protein materials and human protein nutritional requirements are relatively well-established， but studies on proteins used in formula food for special medical purposes are still limited. Paying more attention to the basic research on the use of protein materials in formula foods for special medical purposes and the collection of data used in clinical studies is crucial.

APETALA2 (AP2) belongs to transcription factor (TF) families, with crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. In order to explore the characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) AP2s (BvAP2s) in response to drought stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), genome-wide identification, and the phylogeny, gene structure and promoter precursor analysis of the BvAP2s were employed to predict their potential functions. It is shown that there are a total of 13 BvAP2 genes in the Beta vulgaris. Based on the primary amino acid sequence, the BvAP2s can be further subdivided into euAP2, euANT and basalANT. In addition, cis-acting element analysis showed that BvAP2s contained several abiotic stress-related elements, including those associated with ABA and drought stress. Roots are the first to perceive stress signals, and ABA-treated beetroot transcriptome and downstream gene prediction of BvAP2s revealed that BVRB_4g074790, BVRB_6g128480 and BVRB_7g179610 may play an important role involved in ABA signaling pathways during the stress response by regulating downstream GRAM genes, LEAs and U-boxes. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) further confirmed the downregulation of these three BvAP2s in response to ABA induction in sugar beet roots. These findings provide a basis for future utilization of BvAP2s in developing drought-tolerant Beta vulgaris varieties.

Nitrogen (N) is essential for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a highly N-demanding sugar crop. This study investigated the morphological, subcellular, and microRNA-regulated responses of sugar beet roots to low N (LN) stress (0.5 mmol/L N) to better understand the N perception, uptake, and utilization in this species. The results showed that LN led to decreased dry weight of roots, N accumulation, and N dry matter production efficiency, along with damage to cell walls and membranes and a reduction in organelle numbers (particularly mitochondria). Meanwhile, there was an increase in root length (7.2%) and branch numbers (29.2%) and a decrease in root surface area (6.14%) and root volume (6.23%) in sugar beet after 7 d of LN exposure compared to the control (5 mmol/L N). Transcriptomics analysis was confirmed by qRT-PCR for 6 randomly selected microRNAs, and we identified 22 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) in beet root under LN treatment. They were primarily enriched in functions related to binding (1125), ion binding (641), intracellular (437) and intracellular parts (428), and organelles (350) and associated with starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, as indicated by the GO and KEGG analyses. Among them, the upregulated miR156a, with conserved sequences, was identified as a key DEM that potentially targets and regulates squamosa promoter-binding-like proteins (SPLs, 104889216 and 104897537) through the microRNA-mRNA network. Overexpression of miR156a (MIR) promoted root growth in transgenic Arabidopsis, increasing the length, surface area, and volume. In contrast, silencing miR156a (STTM) had the opposite effect. Notably, the fresh root weight decreased by 45.6% in STTM lines, while it increased by 27.4% in MIR lines, compared to the wild type (WT). It can be inferred that microRNAs, especially miR156, play crucial roles in sugar beet root’s development and acclimation to LN conditions. They likely facilitate active responses to N deficiency through network regulation, enabling beet roots to take up nutrients from the environment and sustain their vital life processes.

ObjectiveThis paper discusses the development and design of food formulations for special medical purposes to provide a reference for product development and design， registration management， and the clinical use of such products.MethodsWe summarized and analyzed the formulations of formula food for special medical purposes， determined the important aspects of formula development and design， and identified key points for evaluating registration applications.ResultsThe formulation design of formula food for special medical purposes should be based on standards and regulations. The most important thing is to think the formula design as a whole， clinical use shuold be the leading of the formulation design， and attention should be paid to the registration dossiers.ConclusionFormulation design is the most important aspect in the research and development of formula foods for special medical purposes. Attention should be paid to the scientific， rational， and clinical applications of these foods. The administrative department should improve its standards and regulations to ensure they are widely used in clinical practice.

[Purpose/Significance] The introduction of national poverty alleviation policies and rural revitalization strategies has thrust the issue of education for left-behind children into the spotlight of scholarly attention. Education, far beyond serving as a mere instrument for personal growth and human capital accumulation for left-behind children, emerges as a pivotal measure in consolidating rural poverty alleviation endeavors and breaking the transmission of intergenerational poverty in China. It stands as a vital force propelling the future of rural revitalization. Yet, the existing literature on the education of left-behind children remains sporadic and dispersed. A more profound organizational effort, integrating, synthesizing, and evaluating this scattered literature, is imperative to establish a foundational framework for future research, fostering more cohesive and focused research endeavors. Presently, literature review studies primarily fall into three categories: qualitative review methods, meta-analysis, and bibliometric analysis methods employing tools like Citespace. This study sets out to achieve a systematic and comprehensive understanding of education-related issues for rural left-behind children through text mining methods grounded in topic models. [Method/Process] The advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies has empowered the processing and analysis of vast amounts of textual data. Previous research, employing latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic models, successfully mined texts related to teacher team construction reform policies, internationalization in higher education literature, news reports, and online comments. In this study, a corpus was meticulously constructed using abstract texts extracted from 2037 journal articles published between 2002 and 2023. The structural topic model (STM) was chosen for topic modeling, overcoming the limitations associated with LDA, with a specific emphasis on exploring the diversity and dynamism of topics within the existing literature. [Results/Conclusions] The culmination of this research effort identified eight distinct research themes: psychological well-being, factors leading to left-behind children, macro-level coping strategies, types of guardianship, review studies, family education, media literacy, and micro-level coping strategies. By synergizing document metadata information, the study systematically unraveled the evolving trends of these topics over time, providing crucial insights into potential shifts in the focus of left-behind children's education research. It is essential to note that this study, while collecting abstracts instead of full texts, may not capture the entirety of information contained in complete research articles. Future research endeavors should explore left-behind children's education more comprehensively, leveraging full-text mining techniques for a more nuanced understanding of this critical subject.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) has become an effective underwater communication technology due to its advantages such as fast transmission speed and strong confidentiality. When light propagates underwater, it is prone to scattering, resulting in a decrease in the energy of light propagation with the increase of transmission distance. Therefore, improving the responsiveness of the receiving end is the key technology to achieve underwater VLC. This article first designs a new holographic waveguide focusing system for the front end of the detector, which can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of underwater detectors. Then, we construct a low-cost antimony sulfide thin film detector with weak light detection capability. Based on the built VLC system, the experimental results show that the dark current of the receiver detector is only 10-7 A/cm2, with a 3 dB bandwidth of 220 kHz, a response of 0.2 A/W, and an external quantum efficiency of over 70% in the blue green light band. Therefore, the new antimony sulfide thin film detector combined with a holographic waveguide focusing system can achieve weak light detection of visible light, making it a very effective underwater visible light receiving system.

Rhizosphere environments play a vital role in the nutrient cycling of crops and soil organic nitrogen mineralization. Sugar beet is a highly nitrogen (N)-demanding crop, and it is necessary to explore the relationship between the sugar beet root exudates, the microbial community, and nitrogen utilization. In this study, a special separation method was employed to create rhizosphere (H3) and non-rhizosphere (H2 and H1) environments for sugar beet. After 50 d of cultivation in nearly inorganic-free soil, the microbial diversity and its correlation with root metabolites and N were examined. The results showed that in H3, the inorganic N content was over 23 times higher than in H1 and H2, with a 13.1% higher relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria compared to H2 and a 32% higher abundance than H1. The relative abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was also 18.8% higher than in H1. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between inorganic nitrogen content and serine (Ser) and isoleucine (Ile). The organic nitrogen content exhibited positive correlations with glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), and tyrosine (Tyr) but displayed negative correlations with certain amino acids, organic acids, and glucose. The co-linearity network indicated that the microbial composition in H3 also exhibited higher node connectivity. It can be inferred that under the influence of sugar beet root exudates, the changes in the rhizosphere’s microbial diversity were more intricate, thereby benefiting soil nitrogen cycling and inorganic N accumulation. These findings provide profound insight into sugar beet soil organic nitrogen mineralization and contribute to the sustainable and environmentally friendly development of modern agriculture.

Heavy metal pollution is a gradually growing environmental issue that hinders the growth and development of plants, and also destabilizes soil. Consequently, eco-friendly phytoremediation methods have gained traction, with energy crops emerging as a particularly effective solution. Energy crops not only provide high-quality plant materials for detoxification and remediation of heavy metal pollution, but also possess energy properties conducive to biofuel production. Therefore, this paper delves into the tolerance mechanism of energy crops towards heavy metal toxicity, elucidating processes such as root complex-mediated inhibition of metal migration and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) through heavy metal-related proteins, enzyme systems, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and hormones. Moreover, it summarizes the heavy metals remediation mechanisms of energy crops, including uptake, translocation, chelation, immobilization, and sequestration. This paper explores applications of energy crops in heavy metal pollution remediation, emphasizing the methods for efficient biochar remediation and biofuel generation. Furthermore, potential challenges in using energy crops for heavy metal pollution remediation are outlined. By systematically examining the function mechanisms and prospective applications of energy crops in heavy metal pollution bioremediation, this paper serves as a valuable reference for both research and practical implementation in this field.

Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is an emerging in-situ ionization mass spectrometry analysis technology in recent years. DART is a non-contact surface desorption ionization technique, which is based on the principle of using helium or nitrogen as the working gas and generating excited high-energy particles by electric discharge. The excited state particles are accelerated by rapid heating and electric force, which instantly ionize the volatile compounds on the surface of the sample to be measured under atmospheric pressure, and then detected by mass spectrometry, thus achieving real-time direct analysis of the sample. DART-MS has the characteristics of simple sample preparation, quick and in-situ analysis. Since DART-MS was reported in 2005, it has become one of the most broadly used direct analysis methods and is extensively applied for the direct analysis of the quality, safety, origin and characteristics of food samples. Besides, it has been widely used in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, public safety, and drug analysis as well. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used for thousands of years in China, which gradually move towards to the world arena. The composition of TCM is very complicated, often containing many different chemical components of different types and properties, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. Therefore, the analysis of the chemical basis of the efficacy and quality evaluation of TCMs are very crucial. In recent years, the development of DART-MS technology has provided many new opportunities for direct and rapid analysis of active ingredients in TCMs. The review was focused on the applications of DART-MS in TCMs, which covered the principle, characteristics, influencing factors and technological progress of DART-MS technology, and systematically summarized the research and application of this technology in TCMs, including qualitative and quantitative analysis. In addition, this review briefly introduced the progress of the application of DART-MS in combination with other techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography, imaging mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction in the profiling of TCMs, and provided further perspectives on its application development.

Abstract Background Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically essential sugar crop worldwide. Its agronomic traits are highly diverse and phenotypically plastic, influencing taproot yield and quality. The National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank in China maintains more than 1700 beet germplasms with diverse countries of origin. However, it lacks detailed genetic background associated with morphological variability and diversity. Results Here, a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13 agronomic traits was conducted in a panel of 977 sugar beet accessions. Almost all phenotypic traits exhibited wide genetic diversity and high coefficient of variation (CV). A total of 170,750 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis, population structure and kinship showed no obvious relationships among these genotypes based on subgroups or regional sources. GWAS was carried out using a mixed linear model, and 159 significant associations were detected for these traits. Within the 25 kb linkage disequilibrium decay of the associated markers, NRT1/PTR FAMILY 6.3 (BVRB_5g097760); nudix hydrolase 15 (BVRB_8g182070) and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (BVRB_8g181550); transcription factor MYB77 (BVRB_2g023500); and ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF014 (BVRB_1g000090) were predicted to be strongly associated with the taproot traits of root groove depth (RGD); root shape (RS); crown size (CS); and flesh colour (FC), respectively. For the aboveground traits, UDP-glycosyltransferase 79B6 (BVRB_9g223780) and NAC domain-containing protein 7 (BVRB_5g097990); F-box protein At1g10780 (BVRB_6g140760); phosphate transporter PHO1 (BVRB_3g048660); F-box protein CPR1 (BVRB_8g181140); and transcription factor MYB77 (BVRB_2g023500) and alcohol acyltransferase 9 (BVRB_2g023460) might be associated with the hypocotyl colour (HC); plant type (PT); petiole length (PL); cotyledon size (C); and fascicled leaf type (FLT) of sugar beet, respectively. AP-2 complex subunit mu (BVRB_5g106130), trihelix transcription factor ASIL2 (BVRB_2g041790) and late embryogenesis abundant protein 18 (BVRB_5g106150) might be involved in pollen quantity (PQ) variation. The candidate genes extensively participated in hormone response, nitrogen and phosphorus transportation, secondary metabolism, fertilization and embryo maturation. Conclusions The genetic basis of agronomical traits is complicated in heterozygous diploid sugar beet. The putative valuable genes found in this study will help further elucidate the molecular mechanism of each phenotypic trait for beet breeding.

By reviewing the studies on prevention and treatment of otitis media with effusion in children and experience of clinical practice, this article briefly analyzed the potential causes of otitis media with effusion in children, and specialist nursing interventions were provided for improvement of quality of otolaryngology specialist care. (通过文献检索结合专科护理防治特色, 浅析儿童分泌性中耳炎的原因, 总结专科护理措施, 为儿童分泌性中耳炎防治提供参考意见。)

Lack of alveolar bone height is a major challenge for dental implants. In recent years, the use of "sandwich" osteotomy to increase alveolar bone height has become a topic of discussion within the research community. In theory, "sandwich" osteotomy is a U-shaped osteotomy in the bone defect area, to preserve the blood supply of the mucoperiosteal on the lingual side and to create an artificial "four-wall bone bag" to build a favorable space for osteogenesis and to increase the height of the alveolar bone. Histological studies have shown that the osteogenesis speed of "sandwich" osteotomy is fast, and the bone is good. Sandwich osteotomy is suitable for buccal-lingual alveolar bone height defects less than 50% of the implant length or for unilateral defects more than 50% of the implant length. In the operation of "sandwich" osteotomy, the horizonal incision should be 10-12 mm below the crest of the buccal alveolar ridge. The design of the osteotomy line should ensure the height of the osteotomy block and that the mandibular canal does not sustain damage and that it fits the shape of the bone defect. There was no significant difference in the osteogenic effect of different types of bone graft materials used for "sandwich" osteotomy. The osteotomy block was rigorously fixed by a titanium plate, titanium nail, implant and other materials, and finally, the intraoperative area was tensioned and sutured. The effect of bone augmentation was evaluated and compared with other bone augmentation techniques; the evaluation showed that sandwich osteotomy was better for moderate vertical bone defects. This technique is highly sensitive and postoperative transient sensory loss is common. With advances in technology, the application of digital technology and ultrasonic bone knives, the risk of complications is greatly reduced and advances in digital osteotomy will promote apply of "sandwich" osteotomy, which will become a popularized technique for clinical alveolar bone augmentation.

Objective To investigate the effects of obeticholic acid (OCA) on glucolipid metabolism in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice. Methods After 12 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: model group (model) and OCA intervention group (10 mg/kg, gavage for six weeks), with 10 in each. The C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks as the control group. The model group and the control group were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) by gavage. During the experiment, oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted. At the end of the experiment, the liver function related indicators were measured in serum, and the liver weight was recorded. The lipid-related indicators were measured in liver, and HE staining microscopy was performed. RT-qPCR was used to detected the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver. Results After glucose loading and insulin injection, the blood glucose at each time point and area under curve (AUC) of the model group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). Abnormal glucose tolerance in OCA intervention group was reversed(P＜0.05) and the insulin sensitivity of the model group mice was improved(P＜0.05). The serum level of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), low density lipoprotein total cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the model group was all significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and HDL-C level was evidently lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01). The OCA intervention group could significantly reduce the serum levels of TG, TC, FFA, LDL-C, ALT, AST (P＜0.01) and increase the serum HDL-C content in the model group (P＜0.01). The contents of TG, TC, and FFA in the liver of the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and OCA intervention group did alleviate the hepatic steatosis in the model group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of FXR/SREBP pathway related genes in model group was abnormal (P＜0.01), and OCA intervention reversed abnormal expression of FXR/SREBP pathway related genes in model group (P＜0.05). Conclusions OCA may improve the lipid metabolism disorder in the liver of HFD mice by regulating the FXR/SREBP pathway, thus improve the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD mice.

In traditional rockburst hazard assessment methods, there are problems of large computational complexity and low precision in dividing hazardous areas. In order to meet the development needs of intelligent and visual prevention and control of rockburst, an intelligent assessment method for rockburst hazard areas based on image recognition technology is proposed. Using a semi quantitative estimation method, the method quantitatively characterizes the main controlling factors of dynamic and static loads for 11 types of rockburst hazards. Based on OpenCV machine vision library and deep learning model, the method achieves image recognition for a single main control factor. By constructing a mapping matrix between the grayscale of the image and the stress concentration coefficient, linear and nonlinear superposition of a single influencing factor is achieved to obtain the stress concentration coefficient matrix of the assessment area. Using the min max standardization method to construct a 4-level discrimination standard of 'no, weak, moderate, and strong' for the hazard area of rockburst, the method achieves graded and division assessment. A software for intelligent assessment of rockburst hazards is developed based on Python language, and the actual application effect of the software is tested. The results show that the software improves the traditional one-dimensional linear hazard area division method for roadways to a two-dimensional plane division method for the entire mining space. It significantly improvies the assessment efficiency and precision of hazard area division and reduces labor costs. The assessment results are highly consistent with the microseismic energy density cloud map and the on-site measured mining pressure pattern, which can provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of on-site rockburst.

Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most damaging foliar disease threatening sugar beet production worldwide. The wide spread of disease incurs a reduction of yield and economic losses. The in-depth knowledge of disease epidemiology and virulence factor of pathogen is crucial and basic for preventing fungal disease. The integrated control strategies are needed for an efficient and sustainable disease management. The rotation of fungicides and crop could reduce the initial inoculum and delay the emergence of resistant pathogens. Spraying fungicides under the guide of forecasting models and molecular detecting techniques may hinder the onset of disease prevalence. The resistant varieties of sugar beet to cercospora leaf spot could be obtained by combining classical and molecular breeding methods. More effective approaches are supposed to develop for prevention and control for fungal disease of sugar beet.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element required for sugar beet growth. Sugar beets with low N (LN) tolerance and high N use efficiency are excellent materials for breeding. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the morphological and physiological responses of nine sugar beet genotypes to LN supply. It was found that 0.5 mmol·L−1 N (LN) significantly influenced the performance of leaves and the topology of roots by reducing the bioproduction of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and soluble protein (SP) and the accumulation of N in leaves and roots (LNA and RNA), thus differentially restricting the growth (hypocotyl diameter, HD; root length, RL) and biomass (leaf and root fresh weight; LFW and RFW; leaf dry weight, LDW) of these sugar beets. Principal component and cluster analyses showed that 780016B/12 superior (F) exhibited excellent tolerance to LN; it had higher SOD activity (62.70%) and APX activity (188.92%) and a higher proline content (131.82%) than 92011 (G, LN sensitive). These attributes helped 780016B/12 superior (F) to better endure LN stress, and the morphology and N distribution changed to adapt to N deficiency, such that the root length increased by 112.48%, leaf area increased by 101.23%, and leaf nitrogen accumulation reached a peak of 14.13 g/plant. It seems that LN-tolerant genotypes increased their root length and surface area by reducing the difference in biomass, thereby expanding the contact between roots and soil, which was conducive to the absorption of nutrients (N) by sugar beets and helped distribute more assimilation products to the roots.

Sugar beet is a main sugar crop worldwide that often faces drought stress. The identification of drought tolerance of sugar beet germplasms is beneficial for breeding, but the research about it has been rarely reported. In this study, the drought tolerance of germplasms 92005-1, 94002-2 and 92021-1-1 was tested under simulated conditions. Seven days and 9% PEG treatment were the optimal conditions for evaluation, under which more phenotypic indicators showed significant difference in drought tolerance coefficient. The objective weighting and membership function method were established for evaluating the drought tolerance of different sugar beet germplasms. Drought stress decreased the biomass of leaves and roots of sugar beet germplasms. The drought-sensitive germplasm responded faster for leaf weight, root weight, plant height and root length. These indicators declined more significantly under long-term and severe stress. Increasing the root–shoot ratio and proline content were universal strategies of sugar beet germplasms to overcome drought stress. The drought-tolerant germplasms held higher peroxidase activity and better ability to scavenge reactive oxygen for preventing the damage.

Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are the hallmark of many eosinophilic-based diseases, such as asthma. Here, we report that reduced glutathione (GSH) disrupts CLCs and inhibits crystallization of human galectin-10 (Gal-10). GSH has no effect on CLCs from monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis or M. mulatta), even though monkey Gal-10s contain Cys29 and Cys32. Interestingly, human Gal-10 contains another cysteine residue (Cys57). Because GSH cannot disrupt CLCs formed by the human Gal-10 variant C57A or inhibit its crystallization, the effects of GSH on human Gal-10 or CLCs most likely occur by chemical modification of Cys57. We further report the crystal structures of Gal-10 from M. fascicularis and M. mulatta, along with their ability to bind to lactose and inhibit erythrocyte agglutination. Structural comparison with human Gal-10 shows that Cys57 and Gln75 within the ligand binding site are responsible for the loss of lactose binding. Pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry show that human Gal-10 interacts with tubulin α-1B, with GSH, GTP and Mg 2+ stabilizing this interaction and colchicine inhibiting it. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of Gal-10 function and CLC formation and suggests that GSH may be used as a pharmaceutical agent to ameliorate CLC-induced diseases.

To investigate the effects of 5G mobile phone radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on sperm quality and sex hormone level of adult male mice, 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, the sham-exposure group (Sham) and 4.9 GHz-exposure group (4.9 GHz RFR), with 12 mice in each group. The mice in the exposure group were exposed to RFR with a power density of 50 W/m2 and frequency of 4.9 GHz for 21 consecutive days, for 1 h a day. After exposure, the sperm quality was evaluated by detecting the sperm quantity and abnormality rate; Histomorphology of the testis was determined using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining; the levels of testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and stem cell factor (SCF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); A western blot was used to detect the levels of GDNF, SCF and tight junction related proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in testis tissue. Compared with the Sham group, no significant change in testicular morphology, sperm count, and sperm abnormality rate was observed in the 4.9 GHz RFR group; The content of FSH and LH in serum showed no significant differences; and the levels of GDNF, SCF, ZO-1 and Occludin in the testis showed no significant differences. However, the concentration of T and GnRH in serum decreased significantly. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, 4.9 GHz RFR had no significant effect on the sperm quality of mice, but could lead to changes in sex hormone levels.

This paper summarized the nursing measures of a patient with furuncle of the nose treated with Tradition Chinese Medicine (TCM) collapse stains. The nursing assessment, application method and cautions of collapse stains, compostion of Chinese herbs, dietary guidance and psychological intervention were reviewed. Through the active intervention of the external treatment of Tradition Chinese Medicine, the level of nasal boils decreased, pain was relieved, and good results were achieved. (本文总结1例中药塌渍治疗鼻疖患者的护理经验, 包括护理评估、中药塌渍操作方法、药方组成、注意事项以及饮食指导、心理干预等护理措施。基于辨证施护理念, 通过中药塌渍外治法积极干预, 并辅以相关护理措施, 能有效改善患者鼻疖症状, 减轻疼痛。)

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of hearing preservation after retrosigmoid approach surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Methods A total of 317 patients with vestibular schwannoma treated by retrosigmoid approach surgery in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were included. Tumor size (Koos grade), whether the tumor invaded the bottom of the internal auditory canal, and whether the tumor had cystic changes were evaluated by preoperative imaging examination. Hearing function was evaluated by the American Academy of Otolaryngology⁃Head and Neck Surgery (AAO⁃HNS) hearing classification before and after surgery. Univariate and multivariate forward Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the related risk factors of hearing loss after retrosigmoid approach surgery. Results Among 317 patients, 35 cases (11.04%) had postoperative hearing preservation (AAO⁃HNS A and B) and all of them had normal preoperative hearing. The rates of age＞45 years old (χ2=45.648, P=0.000), Koos grade 3-4 (χ2=41.692, P=0.000), invasion the bottom of internal auditory canal (χ2=30.252, P=0.000), cystic changes (χ2=23.888, P=0.000) and preoperative hearing abnormality (χ2=78.317, P=0.000) in hearing loss group were higher than those in hearing preservation group. Logistic regression analysis showed the age＞45 years old (OR=36.211, 95%CI: 5.006-261.918; P=0.000), Koosgrade 3-4 (OR=21.215, 95%CI: 2.867-156.963; P=0.003), invasion the bottom of internal auditory canal (OR=13.746, 95%CI: 3.005-62.880; P=0.001) and cystic changes in tumor (OR=8.336, 95%CI: 1.943-35.770; P=0.004) were the risk factors of hearing loss after retrosigmoid approach surgery. Conclusions Retrosigmoid approach surgery is a safe and effective surgical approach for patients with vestibular schwannoma to achieve hearing preservation. Younger patients, with smaller tumors, and without invasion the bottom of internal auditory canal and without cystic changes in tumors are more likely to have postoperative hearing preservation.

Objective To explore the improvement of noninvasive electrostatic field stimulation (NEFS) on neurocognitive impairment mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Forty-eight female C57 mice aged 3 months were divided into the CTL group, the NaCl+NEFS group, the LPS+SHAM group and the LPS+NEFS group, with 12 mice in each group. Both the LPS+NEFS group and the LPS+SHAM group were injected with 2 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally to establish the mouse model of neurocognitive impairment, and after the model was constructed, they were treated with NEFS for 4 d, during which the LPS+NEFS group received an electrostatic field of 160 kV/m for 30 min/d while the LPS+SHAM group were only stimulated by an electrostatic field of 0 kV/m for 3 s/d. The NaCl+NEFS group was injected with the same amount of 0.9% normal saline instead of LPS and stimulated by electrostatic field (160 kV/m); The CTL group was a no-treatment group. After NEFS, the cognitive ability of mice was observed by T maze experiment (T-maze) and the new object recognition (NOR) experiment. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the number of hippocampal neurons in mice, and immunofluorescence method was used to detect the changes of hippocampal astrocytes. Results Compared with the results of behavioral experiment and morphological observation of the CTL group, the learning and memory abilities of the LPS+SHAM group in T-maze and NOR was significantly weakened (P < 0.05), and the number of neurons in hippocampus decreased significantly while the number of activated astrocytes increased significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the LPS+SHAM group, the learning and memory abilities of the LPS+NEFS group in T-maze and NOR was significantly improved (P < 0.05), and the number of neurons in hippocampus was also significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the proliferation of astrocytes was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg LPS can establish neurocognitive impairment model, and NEFS has protective effect on LPS-induced neurocognitive impairment in mice. [Key words] electric stimulation therapy , neurocognitive impairment , neuroprotection ,

Salted duck egg, as a traditional egg product, are very popular in China. However, its high contents of NaCl brings health hazard. In this work, the influence of successive presoaking with 0.01% acetic acid and 0.35% ethanol and desalination soaking on the water content, salt content, oil yield, maturity, sensory quality and eggshell membrane microstructure of salted duck eggs were explored using atomic absorption spectrometry, chromatic meter, texture analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and sensory evaluation. For pre-soaking samples, the redness and brightness of the yolk changed to 16.10 and 67.54 after 12-day salinization at 37 ℃, respectively, and the yolk index has reached 95%, suggesting that pre-soaking samples get salted after 12 days, while the control group needed 21 days to get ripe. The salt content of egg protein in the pre-soaking group was assayed to be 1.02% on the 6th day of desalting, which was 18% less than that in the control group, while the oil yield and the hardness of the pre-soaking group reached 50.82% and 2 604. 33 g. The appearance, smell, color, taste and other sensory indicators of the pre-soaking samples were similar to those of the control group, while the control group tasted much more salt. The microstructure observation of eggshell membrane showed that pre-soaking enlarged the space between inner membrane fibers, which improved the two-way permission of water and sodium chloride molecules, resulting in rapid salinization and desalting of pre-soaking samples.

To comprehend the fatigue failure mechanism at the fiber discontinuity in fiber-reinforced composites, it is necessary to evaluate the local mechanical behaviors. The fatigue strength depends on the stress distribution at the fiber inclusion corner. An improved advanced finite element method (IAFEM) is proposed for the stress intensity factor (SIF) analysis at the fiber inclusion corner. In the IAFEM, the element stiffness matrix of singular inclusion corner element (SICE) is obtained, and the singular elastic field at the tip of the fiber inclusion is determined. The effects of load direction, fiber distribution, fiber geometry, and material properties on SIFs are analyzed numerically using the IAFEM. The difference in stress field distribution between two-dimensional and three-dimensional fiber inclusions is discussed. The IAFEIM and calculation results can provide reference for fatigue strength analysis and preparation of composite materials.

Depression has become one of the most crucial public health issues, threatening the quality of life of over 300 million people throughout the world. Nevertheless, the clinical diagnosis of depression is now still hampered by behavioral diagnostic methods. Due to the lack of objective laboratory diagnostic criteria, accurate identification and diagnosis of depression remained elusive. With the rise of computational psychiatry, a growing number of studies have combined resting-state electroencephalography with machine learning (ML) to alleviate diagnosis of depression in recent years. Despite the exciting results, these were worrisome of these studies. As a result, ML prediction models should be continuously improved to better screen and diagnose depression. Finally, this technique would be used for the diagnosis of other psychiatric disorders in the future.

With the publication of the "2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (fifth edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the 2021 version of tumor classification), a new model of histological and molecular integrated diagnosis of central nervous system tumors pathology has been initiated. Based on the 2021 version of tumor classification, this review focuses on the progress of molecular pathological diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord astrocytoma, spinal ependymoma, spinal cord hemangioblastoma, spinal meningioma and spinal notochordal tumors, in order to realize the advancement of the clinical treatment and the basic research of spine and spinal cord tumors with the times.

Introduction: Sugar beets are an important crop for global sugar production. Intense drought and the increasing lack of water resources pose a great threat to sugar beet cultivation. It is a priority to investigate favourable germplasms and functional genes to improve the breeding of drought tolerant plants.Methods: Thus, in this study, 328 sugar beet germplasms were used in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance.Results: The results showed that under drought stress (9% PEG-6000), there were 11 significantly associated loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 from the 108946 SNPs filtered using a mixed linear model (MLM). Genome-wide association analysis combined with qRT-PCR identified 13 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in drought-tolerant extreme materials.Discussion: These candidate genes mainly exhibited functions such as regulating sugar metabolism, maintaining internal environmental stability and participating in photosystem repair. This study provides valuable information for exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance and improvement in sugar beet.

The industrial Internet has promoted the intelligent development of the entire manufacturing service system by closely connecting and integrating equipments,production lines,factories,suppliers,products and customers through an Internet platform.China attaches great importance to the development of industrial Internet,and puts forward the latest development goals in the field of industrial Internet technology.The intra-enterprise industrial Internet is an important part of industrial Internet,interconnecting industrial equipments,information systems,business processes,enterprise products and services,and personnel,and realizing efficient connections from the shop floor level to the decision-making level.Firstly,it introduces the current status of the development of intra-enterprise industrial Internet from the perspectives of intra-enterprise industrial Internet standards,intra-enterprise industrial Internet devices and intra-enterprise industrial Internet applications.Secondly,the problems in the development of intra-enterprise industrial Internet are analyzed in depth from seven aspects,that is,architecture,network identification,opera-ting system,real-time,reliability,compatibility and security.Then,the proposed measures for the development of intra-enterprise industrial Internet are presented,and the collaborative innovation mechanism and policies of intra-enterprise industrial Internet are discussed.Finally,the future development of intra-enterprise industrial Internet is summarized.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic disease of the oral mucosa with unclear pathogenesis. Local infiltration of T cells plays a key role in the pathological process of OLP. Increased evidence supports the notion that the imbalance of helper T cells (Th) 1/Th2 and Th17/regulatory T cells (Treg) and their related cytokines is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of OLP. In recent years, studies have shown that OX40 (CD134) and its ligand OX40L (CD252) play an important role in the process of the T-cell immune response. They participate in the balance regulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg, mediate the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, and affect the occurrence and development of a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, there is no direct evidence that the OX40/OX40L axis mediates the imbalance of T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of OLP. Therefore, large sample clinical as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on the mechanism by which the OX40/OX40L axis regulates the balance of T-cell subsets in OLP are still needed in the future.

Abstract Background Low temperature, which is one of the main environmental factors that limits geographical distribution and sucrose yield, is a common abiotic stress during the growth and development of sugar beet. As a regulatory hub of plant response to abiotic stress, activity in the chloroplasts is related to many molecular and physiological processes, particularly in response to low temperature stress. Results The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrical conductivity (REL), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. The results showed that sugar beet could manage low temperature stress by regulating the levels of Chl, REL and MDA, and the activity of SOD. The physiological responses indicated that sugar beets respond positively to low temperature treatments and are not significantly damaged. Moreover, to determine the precise time to response low temperature in sugar beet, well-known abiotic stresses-responsive transcript factor family, namely DEHYDRATION RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (DREB), was selected as the marker gene. The results of phylogenetic analyses showed that BvDREBA1 and BvDREBA4 were in the same branch as the cold- and drought-responsive AtDREB gene. In addition, the expression of BvDREBs reached its maximum level at 24 h after low temperature by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, the changes in chloroplast proteome after low temperature at 24 h were detected using a label-free technique. A total of 416 differentially expressed proteins were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed that 16 GO terms were significantly enriched, particularly chloroplast stroma, chloroplast envelope, and chloroplast thylakoid membrane. It is notable that the transport of photosynthetic proteins (BvLTD and BvTOC100), the formation of starch granules (BvPU1, BvISA3, and BvGWD3) and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (BvCu/Zn-SOD, BvCAT, BvPrx, and BvTrx) were the pathways used by sugar beets to respond to low temperatures at an early stage. Conclusions These results provide a preliminarily analysis of how chloroplasts of sugar beet respond to low temperature stress at the translational level and provide a theoretical basis for breeding low temperature resistant varieties of sugar beet.

Objective To determine the clinical problems and outcome indicators that need to be included in the expert consensus of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral potential malignant diseases. Methods Based on the relevant literature, the clinical problems and outcome indicators were drafted during the meeting. The Delphi method was used for expert consultation and expert opinion collection. The average and standard deviation of the voting results were calculated to determine the importance of the indicators, and the positive coefficient, variation coefficient and coordination coefficient were calculated for quality control. Results In the first round of the Delphi method, 12 outcome indicators (the main reference elements include photon integral flux, power density, illumination time, and spot diameter were identified; the specific parameters are photon integral flux of 100 J/cm2 and power density of 100-600 mW/cm2. A diode laser of (630 ± 5) nm wavelength should be chosen. The analgesic regimen is local anesthesia supplemented by hypothermia and intermittent laser irradiation before treatment. Lesions with hyperkeratotic require pretreatment. The concentration of ALA administered was set at 20%. Eight clinical problems (main reference elements of photodynamic irradiation dose, specific parameters, choice of light source, evaluation criteria of efficacy, prevention of adverse effects, dosing concentration, whether oral potentially malignant diseases with hyperkeratosis should be pretreated, administration of photosensitizers) were included according to the literature and expert discussion. In the second round, 89 experts completed the questionnaire and gave very important evaluations of 9 outcome indicators (the main reference elements included photon integral flux, power density and illumination time; the specific parameters were a photon integral flux of 100 J/cm 2 and a power density of 100-600 mW/cm2). A diode laser of (630 ± 5)nm wavelength should be chosen. The concentration of ALA administered was set at 20%. Six clinical problems (main reference elements of photodynamic irradiation dose, specific parameters, choice of light source, evaluation criteria of efficacy, dosing concentration, administration of photosensitizers), and the remaining 3 were given important evaluations, with good consistency. Conclusion In this study, the irradiation dose, mode of administration and concentration, evaluation criteria of efficacy, prevention of adverse effects and pretreatment regimen of ALA photodynamic therapy for oral potentially malignant diseases determined by the Delphi method had good agreement among experts.

Objective To explore the appearance of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical infection cases in the hospital from 2018 to 2010 and its biofilm formation ability, providing a theoretical research basis for in-depth understanding of bacterial biofilm infection and its drug resistance mechanism, and providing ideas and methods for clinical prevention, control and treatment. Methods The multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the Microbiology Room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical College from March 2018 to March 2020 was collected, and the strains were identified and tested by the automatic bacterial identification instrument VITEK-2 identification and drug sensitivity analysis system. For drug susceptibility testing, Congo red medium was used to qualitatively test the biofilm-forming ability of the selected 89 beads multi-drug resistant experimental strains. The morphological and structural characteristics of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms established on 6-well cell culture plates were qualitatively observed by scanning electron microscope. A 96-well cell culture plate and LB culture medium were used for constant temperature culture and the in vitro multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm was constructed. Crystal violet solution staining was used to determine the absorbance value, and the formation of the multi-drug resistant experimental strain biofilm was quantitatively detected. Results Qualitative detection of Congo red medium showed a positive rate of 71. 91% (64/89). Most of the specimens were sourced from the ICU ward of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, accounting for 45. 31% (29/64). Most of them were alveolar lavage fluid specimens. Most of the infected people were older than 60 years old, had certain underlying diseases, stayed in the ICU for a long time, used two or more antibiotics, and had invasive procedures such as tracheal intubation/incision. Bacterial biofilm could be formed in 96-well cell culture plate at 37°C constant temperature for 72 hours. Crystal violet staining and quantitative detection of the absorbance value with a microplate reader showed that the amount of biofilm formed after 48 hours of culture was the highest, with a positive rate of 79. 78% (71/89). It was able to be used as an experimental condition for determining the biofilm formation ability of clinical multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The positive multi-resistant test strains screened by Congo Red Agar medium could form bacterial biofilms on 96-well cell culture plates. Conclusion In clinical testing, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has strong drug resistance and is positively correlated with the ability of biofilm formation. The production of biofilm is one of the important reasons for its multi-drug resistance mechanism. The coating of pathogenic bacteria increases clinical control The difficulty of infection, the main way of transmission is contact transmission, so it is very important to do a good job in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection. (目的 研究分析医院2018年—2020年临床病原学送检标本中多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分离检出情况及其生物被膜的形成能力, 为深入了解细菌生物膜感染及其耐药机制提供理论研究基础, 并为临床医院感染防控与治疗提供思路与方法。方法 收集2018年3月—2020年3月西安医学院第二附属医院微生物室经VITEK-2细菌鉴定仪和药敏分析系统分离鉴定出的多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌, 采用刚果红培养基对筛选出的89珠多重耐药实验菌株进行生物膜形成能力的定性检测, 并在6孔细胞培养板上构建多重耐药实验菌株生物膜, 使用扫描电子显微镜定性观察生物膜形态及结构特点。用96孔细胞培养板和LB培养液恒温培养构建体外多重耐药实验菌株生物膜, 结晶紫溶液染色法测定其吸光度值, 定量检测多重耐药实验菌株生物膜的形成量。结果 刚果红培养基定性检测, 阳性率达71. 91％(64/89)。标本来源大多是肺泡灌洗液标本, 以呼吸与危重症医学科ICU病房居多, 占45. 31%(29/64)。患者多以60岁以上老龄感染者, 有一定基础疾病、入住ICU时间较长、使用两种及两种以上抗菌素、且有气管插管/切开等侵入性操作。将多重耐药实验菌株在96孔细胞培养板37°C培养72 h, 结晶紫染色和酶标仪定量检测吸光度显示, 培养48 h后生物膜的形成量最高, 阳性率为79. 78％(71/89), 可作为确定临床多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜形成能力的实验条件。在刚果红琼脂培养基上筛选出的具有多重耐药性的阳性实验菌株均可在96孔细胞培养板上形成细菌生物膜。结论 在临床体外试验中多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌具有很强的耐药性且与生物膜形成能力呈正相关。 生物被膜的产生是其多重耐药机制的重要原因之一, 病原菌被膜包裹增加了临床控制感染的难度, 其传播途径主要为接触传播, 因此做好院内感染的防控工作及其重要。)

In order to explore the influence of cold heading equipment based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer sensing material on steel ball stamping, a new method was proposed to reflect the defects of cold heading forming of steel ball by load signal. PVDF piezoelectric film is used as the sensor design of force and support structure of steel ball cold heading electromechanical sensor model. PVDF piezoelectric thin film force sensor is used for the structural optimization and simulation. The structural parameters affecting the natural frequency are numerically analyzed by MATLAB software. The mapping relationship between the external load and the output load of the sensor is obtained by using ANSYS software, and the simulation curve of the natural frequency of the sensor is compared with the theoretical curve to verify the factors affecting the natural frequency. The results show that the nonlinear error of sensors refers to the measured curve and the maximum deviation between the fitting line and the percentage of full-scale output.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants, acting as a common limiting factor for crop yield. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is related to the sustainable development of both crops and the environment. To further explore the molecular response of sugar beet under low nitrogen (LN) supply, transcriptome analysis was performed on the LN-tolerant germplasm ‘780016B/12 superior’. In total, 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves, and 1,075 DEGs were identified in roots (log2|FC| ≥ 1; q value < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO), protein−protein interaction (PPI), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses clarified the role and relationship of DEGs under LN stress. Most of the downregulated DEGs were closely related to “photosynthesis” and the metabolism of “photosynthesis-antenna proteins”, “carbon”, “nitrogen”, and “glutathione”, while the upregulated DEGs were involved in flavonoid and phenylalanine biosynthesis. For example, GLUDB (glutamate dehydrogenase B) was identified as a key downregulated gene, linking carbon, nitrogen, and glutamate metabolism. Thus, low nitrogen-tolerant sugar beet reduced energy expenditure mainly by reducing the synthesis of energy-consuming amino acids, which in turn improved tolerance to low nitrogen stress. The glutathione metabolism biosynthesis pathway was promoted to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect cells from oxidative damage. The expression levels of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid transport genes, such as NRT2.5 (high-affinity nitrate transporter), NR (nitrate reductase [NADH]), NIR (ferredoxin-nitrite reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme), GLUDB, GST (glutathione transferase) and GGT3 (glutathione hydrolase 3) at low nitrogen levels play a decisive role in nitrogen utilization and may affect the conversion of the carbon skeleton. DFRA (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) in roots was negatively correlated with NIR in leaves (coefficient = −0.98, p < 0.05), suggesting that there may be corresponding remote regulation between “flavonoid biosynthesis” and “nitrogen metabolism” in roots and leaves. FBP (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase) and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.001) with Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration). The reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-seq data were further confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT−PCR) validation of 22 genes (R2 = 0.98). This study reveals possible pivotal genes and metabolic pathways for sugar beet adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments.

Manipulating single emitter radiation is essential for quantum information science. Significant progress has been made in enhancing the radiation efficiency and directivity by coupling quantum emitters with microcavities and plasmonic antennas. However, there has been a great challenge to generate complex radiation patterns such as vortex beam from a single emitter. Here, we report a chiral plasmonic nanocavity, which provides a strong local chiral vacuum field at an exceptional point. We show that a single linear dipole emitter embedded in the nanocavity will radiate to vortex beam via anomalous spontaneous emission with a Purcell enhancement factor up to ∼1000. Our scheme provides a new field manipulation method for chiral quantum optics and vortex lasers at the nanoscale.

BackgroundTitanium and its alloys are widely utilized within the military, aerospace, shipping, nuclear energy, and biomedical fields because of the advantages of low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and high biocompatibility. Moreover, titanium films are important materials for surface protection due to their high hardness and good compactness. During the preparation of titanium films, the surface morphology and phase structure will be influenced by substrate properties (e.g., surface morphology and temperature), working gas pressure, and other factors. Substrate temperature mainly influences the growth process of thin films, which directly affects the grain structure of the films, and thus changes the corresponding mechanical properties.PurposeThis study aims to establish the relationship between substrate temperature and mechanical properties of titanium films.MethodsFirstly, titanium film samples were prepared at a substrate temperature range of 600~750 ℃ by using resistance evaporation coating on the surface of molybdenum substrate. Then, the structural characterization of the film was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) so as to obtain the preferred orientation of titanium film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to identify the surface morphologies of the titanium films, including grain size distribution and surface roughness. Finally, an AFM nano-indentation method was performed to examine the mechanical properties of the titanium films and obtain the elastic modulus of titanium film.ResultsThe results demonstrate that the substrate temperature significantly influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium films. When the substrate temperature increases from 600 ℃ to 750 ℃, the preferred orientation of titanium films changes from (101) to (002) due to the competition between the minimization of strain energy and surface energy. With the increase of substrate temperature, the mobility of titanium atoms on the substrate increases, resulting in increased average grain size, surface roughness, and elastic modulus of the titanium films. The average grain size increases by 26% as the substrate temperature increased from 600 ℃ to 750 ℃.ConclusionsThe microstructure, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of titanium films are sensitive to substrate temperature. A high substrate temperature in the process of resistance evaporation is more desirable to obtain titanium films with high mechanical properties.

How to make fried food more delicious and healthier is the goal that the field of food science is constantly pursuing. The Latest research progress(2019—2022) on the quality of fried food such as flavor, taste (texture), oil absorption and new risk factors was reviewed, and this article also systematically explained the origin, evolution and material relationships of the "wide bell" flavor curve. The physical characterization and influence mechanism of taste (texture) of fried foods were introduced, and the oil absorption mechanism of fried foods and new technologies to reduce oil content were also reviewed. The formation mechanism, detection distribution, potential toxicity and influencing factors of the two risk factors of glycerol core aldehydes and monoepoxy fatty acids during the frying process were also reviewed. This review could provide the reference for the improvement of fried food quality and the control of risk factors.

The potato of the Netherlands shiwu and four edible oils were taken as the research objects, and the effects of oil types on the texture, the kinetic constant of water loss and oil absorption, the spatial distribution of moisture, the crystal structure and microstructure of French fries during the frying process were investigated. The results showed that the surface hardness of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was higher than that of the other two oil. The results of water loss kinetics showed that the surface water loss rate of fries fried in palm oil was the fastest (0.053 6 s–1), followed by rice bran oil (0.027 5 s–1), and high oleic sunflower oil was the slowest (0.021 6 s–1). Magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed this result. X-ray diffraction results showed that the starch-lipid complex content of fries fried in rice bran oil and palm oil was higher than that of the other two. From the results of scanning electron microscopy, it can be seen that the surface of fries fried in palm oil and rice bran oil was more compact than others. In summary, the fast surface water loss, high starch-lipid complex content and surface compactness play an important role in improving the texture of French fries.

The effects of pretreatment combined with different maturing methods (such as blanching, microwaving, etc) and different freezing methods (such as, conventional freezing and ultra-low temperature freezing) on the oil absorption of fried potato strips were compared and analyzed. It was found that compared with blanching combined with conventional freezing pretreatment, changing the blanching to microwave reduced the total oil content of fried potato strips by 15.86%. Changing the conventional freezing to ultra-low temperature freezing reduced the total oil content by 6.09%. Microwaving combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment reduced the total oil content by 20.46%. The results of confocal laser microscope (CLSM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that, compared with other pretreatment method, microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment produced more VII type starch-lipid complexes in the crust layer of fried potato strips. The surface structure was smooth. The attached oil was less. The internal structure was less damaged. The results of sensory evaluation results showed that microwave combined with ultra-low temperature freezing pretreatment improved the quality of fried potato strips and reduced the oil absorption.

The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries (FFs). During high-oleic rapeseed oil (RO) frying, the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in (3%-8.0% of total polar compounds (TPC)), optimum (8.0%-20% of TPC), and degrading stages (above 22% of TPC). In order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage, the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3% (FF1), 10.5% (FF2), and 27% (FF3) and their relevant oils (RO1, RO2, RO3) were selected for sensory-directed analysis. The results revealed that the FF1 had low contents of (E,E)-2,4- decadienal (deep-fried odor) which could be the reason why FF1 samples were rated with low-sensory score. The FF3 had higher hexanoic acid (sweaty odor), heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, benzene acetaldehyde (stale odor), and trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (metallic odor) compared with FF1 and FF2, which resulted in flavor deterioration in FF3. Moreover, the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF3 induced the lower roast flavor, which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score. Similarly, the higher portion of (E)-2-undecenal, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, and nonanoic acid in RO3 leads to increase in its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score. When the TPC content exceeded 22%, the peroxidation of the oil could cause the rancid taste. Therefore, it should be controlled in the later stage of frying. By understanding the changes of key flavor substances during the frying process, it can be significantly used as a reference for the development of fried products with the best flavor.