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Maize starch with different amylose contents and tea polyphenols (TP) were co-heated to prepare maize starch-TP hydrogels, and the hydrogels were used to stabilize food-grade emulsion gels. The effects of amylose contents on the microstructure, rheological behavior and emulsification properties of maize starch-TP hydrogels and emulsion gels stabilized by it. The results showed differences in the amount of retained TP among maize starch hydrogels with different amylose contents and consequently in the microstructure of maize starch-TP hydrogels. As the amylose content decreased, the size of droplets in emulsion gels stabilized by maize starch-TP hydrogels decreased, and the viscosity and viscoelasticity of emulsion gels increased, suggesting the formation of network structures in emulsion gels. As observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), a structurally compact network matrix was formed in emulsion gels with decreasing amylose contents. The hydrogel network matrices could adhere to oil droplets, thereby hindering their coalescence, and maintaining the stability of emulsion gels for a long time. This study can provide a theoretical foundation for developing starch-based emulsion gels and delivery vehicle for bioactive substances in the food industry.

Nebulized therapy has been wildly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. As a core competence of clinical medical workers, humanistic nursing aims to provide greater coverage and assistance to clinical health service. This article reviewed studies on humanistic care needs of elderly people regarding nebulized therapy, and analyzed the influencing factors of humanistic care ability of clinical nurses. It aims to provide reference for improve the humanistic care ability of nurses in clinical practice. (雾化吸入是呼吸系统疾病重要的治疗手段。人文关怀是医护人员必备的基本素养, 是护理工作的扩充和延伸。本文总结老年雾化吸入患者人文关怀需求现状, 分析影响护士人文关怀能力的影响因素, 以期为提升护理人员人文关怀能力提供参考。)

Abstract White matter hyperintensity (WMH) represents a critical global medical concern linked to cognitive decline and dementia, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, humans are directly demonstrated that high WMH burden correlates with delayed drainage of meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathway. Additionally, a longitudinal cohort study reveals that glymphatic dysfunction predicts WMH progression. Next, in a rat model of WMH, the presence of impaired lymphangiogenesis and glymphatic drainage is confirmed, followed by elevated microglial activation and white matter demyelination. Notably, enhancing meningeal lymphangiogenesis through adeno‐associated virus delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) mitigates microglial gliosis and white matter demyelination. Conversely, blocking the growth of mLVs with a VEGF‐C trap strategy exacerbates these changes. The findings highlight the role of mLVs and glymphatic pathway dysfunction in aggravating brain white matter injury, providing a potential novel strategy for WMH prevention and treatment.

Novel nanoparticles were prepared by addition of tea polyphenols (TP) into gelatinizing waxy maize starch slurry followed by ethanol precipitation and were used to stabilize food-grade Pickering emulsions. The effects of adding TP on the structure and granular properties of starch nanoparticles (SNP) and on the physical stability and oxidative stability of Pickering emulsions were investigated. The results showed that TP could interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch through hydrogen bonding. Moreover, the addition of TP increased the mean particle size of SNP from 187.00 to 233.80 nm, the contact angle from 53.41° to 80.60°, and the absolute value of zeta potential from |−17.20| to |−22.10| mV. Large amounts of small oil droplets were formed in the emulsion stabilized by TP-SNP. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that TP-SNP could adsorb onto the oil/water interface to form a physical barrier, which could inhibit oil droplet coalescence. Based on the amount of lipid oxidation products in Pickering emulsions stored for up to 15 days, TP-SNP could delay lipid oxidation of emulsions. These facts indicated that the TP-SNP can be a novel food-grade particle emulsifier with antioxidant capacity for stabilizing Pickering emulsions.

In women, ovarian cancer is a common gynecological cancer associated with poor prognosis, reoccurrence and chemoresistance. Scoulerine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been reported effective against several carcinomas. Thus, we investigated the impact of scoulerine on ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, migration was determined by Boyden Chamber assay, while the invasion was monitored by Boyden Chamber assay using the matrigel. The stemness properties of OVCAR3 cells were observed by tumorsphere assay. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness-related protein markers were monitored by real-time PCR analysis and immunoblotting. Scoulerine inhibits the viability of OVCAR3 cells with the IC50 observed at 10 µmol L–1 after 48 h treatment. Scoulerine inhibited the colony-forming ability, migration and invasiveness of OVCAR3 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Scoulerine treatment also drastically reduced the spheroid-forming ability of OVCAR3 cells. The mesenchymal and stemness--related markers like N-cadherin, vimentin, CD-44, Oct-4, Sox-2 and Aldh1A1 were downregulated, whereas the epithelial markers like E-cadherin and CD-24 were upregulated in scoulerine-treated cells. The upstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR-axis was downregulated in scoulerine-treated cells. We concluded that scoulerine successfully perturbs the cancerous properties of OVCAR3 cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. In vivo studies revealed a substantial decrease in tumor mass and volume after scoulerine treatment. Furthermore, scoulerine treatment was found to decrease oxidative stress factors in ovarian cancer mice model. Scoulerine is a potential anticancer agent against ovarian cancer and can be considered as a lead molecule for this malignancy, provided further investigations are performed.

This paper summarized the nursing cooperation of electrical impedance tomography(EIT) for monitoring local pulmonary ventilation in a patient with respiratory failure and decreased oxygenation. By using the EIT for monitoring local pulmonary ventilation, targeted interventions such as postural drainage and vibration sputum expectoration were carried out, and the changes of oxygenation were recorded. The EIT-guided chest physiotherapy is effective to improve the pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation of the patient with respiratory failure (总结1例呼吸衰竭患者氧合指数反复降低应用肺部电阻抗成像技术(EIT)监测指导操作的护理过程。利用EIT技术监测患者肺通气情况, 并针对性的给予体位引流及振动排痰, 记录操作前后氧合指数变化。患者肺部通气情况好转, 氧合指数明显改善, 转出ICU后专科治疗。EIT 技术指导下行胸部物理治疗, 有助于患者肺通气状况及氧合指数的改善。)

Hypoxia plays a crucial role in pulmonary vascular remodelling at the early stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circle RNA (circRNA) has been identified to play a critical role in multiple diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of circRNAs in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD. COPD patients show lower partial pressure of arterial oxygen and pulmonary arterial remodeling as compared with controls. circRNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses show significantly higher level of circ-BPTF and lower miR-486-5p level in the pulmonary arteries of COPD patients as compared with controls. Hypoxia suppresses miR-486-5p expression but promotes expressions of circ-BPTF and cell migration inducing protein (CEMIP) in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vitro. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments show that circ-BPTF promotes PASMC proliferation in vitro. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay results indicate that circ-BPTF regulates PASMC proliferation by acting as an miR-486-5p sponge. CEMIP is identified as a candidate target gene of miR-486-5p by luciferase reporter assay. Overall, our study shows that circ-BPTF serves as a miR-486-5p sponge to regulate CEMIP and promote hypoxic PASMC proliferation in pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD.

Micro-heterogeneity in low-permeability sandstone oil reservoirs significantly influences the uniformity of water injection during development. This leads to the formation of preferred channels for water injection, causing premature water breakthroughs in oil wells. Not only does this reduce oil displacement efficiency, but it also enriches residual oil in the formation, which ultimately impacts the overall recovery rate. This study employed various methods, including thin-section casting, qualitative analysis through scanning electron microscopy, quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction, high-pressure mercury intrusion and particle size, and experimental techniques, such as wettability and micro-displacement, to investigate the impact mechanism of micro-heterogeneity on water injection development in low-permeability oil reservoirs. A typical low-permeability sandstone oil reservoir in the Ordos Basin was used as a case study. The results reveal that the reservoir’s micro-heterogeneity is determined by the heterogeneity of the interstitial material, porosity, and particle size. Micro-heterogeneity plays a critical role in the flow characteristics and oil displacement efficiency of low-permeability oil reservoirs. The less the micro-heterogeneity, the better the water injection development outcome. This study suggests a technical policy adjustment method that is critical for guiding the development of low-permeability water injection oil reservoirs, thereby improving the effectiveness of water injection development.

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH) dependence is a complex and dynamic public health problem. Long-term abuse of METH can increase numerous risks of mental and physical problems. Currently, the methods to reduce METH dependence and improve the withdrawal symptoms are limited and ineffective. Resilience is seen as a multidimensional and dynamic capability to recover or bounce back from stressful events and is also generally considered as a protective factor against mental dysfunction. Methods One hundred thirty-four males with METH dependence were consecutively recruited from Huanglong Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center between 2019 and 2021, of whom 112 were into the group. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Self-rating depression scale (SDS), Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11(BIS-11), and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (Rbans) were used to evaluate resilience, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and cognition respectively. Results The results mainly indicated that high resilience group showed lower SDS, SAS and BIS-11 scores than low resilience group (all p

Regional geological mapping at 1:50, 000 scale was carried out in the Urho area of the Hala'alate Mountains in west Junggar, Xinjiang. Based on field investigation and referring to the regional geological survey and previous research results in recent years, we made a detailed remote sensing interpretation and analysis on the stratigraphic units, small and medium-sized geological bodies (dikes, small rock bodies, craters) and geological structures of the Hala'alate Mountains, and conducted detailed remote sensing field survey verifications. Following findings are revealed by the study results. In the process of making remote sensing image base map, the color space HSV transform fusion method is used to fuse SPOT5 high-precision remote sensing image data and ETM image data, and the fused image maintains the consistency of spectral information; SPOT5 1~4 of PC (principal component) 1, 2 and 3, ETM 1~7 of PC1, 2 and 3, ETM 1~7 of PC 6, 5, and 4 are processed into pseudo color synthetic images, respectively. After principal component transformation, the false color composite image concentrate on the multispectral information useful for regional geological survey and eliminate noise information. It improves the information content and interpretation complexity of remote sensing image base map. The combination of various detailed geological data collected in the field with Quickbird high-precision remote sensing images can accurately and quickly delineate the geological boundary, significantly improving the accuracy of structural and geological body boundary delineation. The results of comprehensive remote sensing interpretation of multi-source remote sensing data well guide the field geological survey work in the Urho area of the Hala'alate mountains in west Junggar, Xinjiang, and high-resolution remote sensing images play a key role in the accurate interpretation of small and medium-sized geological bodies in the geological survey of the region.

This work introduces the foundation of a new class of input shaping algorithm, designed based on the particle swarm optimisation. This algorithm is utilised to control the residual vibrations in the crane system. The motivation is the development of simple algorithms and architecture for controlling the motion in under-actuated nonlinear systems with minimal modelling effort. By recording the payload swing signal of the crane only once, the approach can automatically calculate the optimisation amplitude and time locations of the impulses required by a common zero-vibration-derivative (ZVD) technique. In this work, we use this algorithm to design a ZVD shaper for controlling the motion of an under-actuated nonlinear crane model system. We validate the approach using experiments. If this algorithm is implanted into the embedded system and applied to the actual crane, which will solve the problem of the traditional ZVD parameter adjustment and improve the vibration suppression effect of the ZVD Algorithm.

Summary: Background: Animal experiments have demonstrated the dependency of cerebrospinal fluid clearance function on age and sleep, which partially underlay the cognitive decline in the elderly. However, human evidence is lacking, which could be mainly attributed to the limited methods of cerebrospinal fluid clearance function assessment. Method: Serial T1-weighted and T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging were performed in 92 patients before and at multiple time points including 4.5 h, 15 h and 39 h after intrathecal injection of contrast agent to visualize the putative meningeal lymphatic pathway, peri-olfactory nerve pathway, and peri-optic nerve pathway. We defined the clearance function as the percentage change in signal unit ratio of critical locations in these pathways from baseline to 39 h after intrathecal injection, and further analysed their relationships with age, sleep, and cognitive function. Findings: Cerebrospinal fluid clearance through the putative meningeal lymphatic and perineural pathways were clearly visualized. The clearance function of putative meningeal lymphatic and perineural pathways were impaired with ageing (all P

The timing of Barleik Formation in Xinjiang, NW China, has not been constrained by accurate geochronology yet, while this work is of great significance to help reconstruct the geological tectonic evolution of Western Junggar. Based on the LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology study, the weighted average age of magmatic zircons collected from the tuff in Barleik Formation, which reflects the formation age of the tuff, is 372 ± 2 Ma (N = 57, mean square of weighted deviates (MSWD) = 1.15). The first report in this study of the zircon U–Pb dating result indicates that Barleik Formation along the West Junggar tectonic belt occurred in the Late Devonian rather than in the middle Devonian period as previously claimed. Meanwhile, chronology data and the geochemical features comparing with the Island Arc-related rocks in the adjacent area, as well as stratigraphic structural relationship, suggest that volcanic activities may exist in the Late Devonian, and the relevant volcanic ash deposited in the Barleik forearc basin may be derived from the adjacent island arc (current geographic coordinate). In addition, the fossil assemblage dominated by bathyal-abyssal invertebrate fossils and bathyal-abyssal facies indicates that the Barleik Formation is a bathyal-abyssal sedimentary environment.

The Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy was welded by inertia friction welded technology. The micros-tructure and microhardness of welded joints before and after heat treatment were studied.The tensile mechanical properties at 650 ℃ and 750 ℃ of welded joints were analyzed. The results show that the weld zone of the as-welded joint consists of B2 phase and a very small amount of residual α2phase. After heat treatment, the weld zone consists of B2 phase and O phase. The O phase is transformed from B2 phase, and there is no composition change during the phase transition process. The microhardness of the as-welded zone is higher than that of the base material. After heat treatment at 780 ℃ for 3 h, the microhardness of the welded zone increases significantly due to the precipitation of fine O phase. But the microhardness of the welded zone with heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 3 h is between that of the as-welded state and the heat treatment at 780 ℃ for 3 h. The specimen of high temperature tensile fracture in the base material, and the tensile fracture morphology presents ductile fracture feature with many small shallow dimples.

Galectins construct a family of animal lectins for β-galactosides, which are widely distributed from living nematodes to mammals and other living organisms,participating in various biological processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, growth regulation and immune response.Galectin-7, one of the most important member of the family is closely related to the differentiation and maturation of epithelial tissues, the proliferation of injured epidermis, the development of tumors and the immunity of body.

In order to comprehensively improve the digital level of soil and water conservation in Anji County, it is necessary to realize the "one map management" of soil and water conservation by the information sharing and interaction among multiple government departments. With the new generation of information technologies such as big data, digital twin, artificial intelligence and virtual reality, use "11143" as the construction framework, improve the data warehouse of soil and water conservation to achieve "one map management" of the whole life cycle of production and construction projects; monitor soil erosion in real time through satellite remote sensing data and provide early warning and forecasting; and dock with the national "double carbon" strategy to build a carbon sink management system for soil and water conservation. It is expected to be built into a water and soil conservation wisdom management platform that meets multiple business application scenarios such as supervision of production and construction projects, dynamic monitoring and comprehensive management of soil erosion, wisdom decision making and application, and industry promotion services.

Lithological mapping in weathered and vegetated coastal zone is always a crucial but challenging issue for geological remote sensing. This study tested the applicability of Sentinel-2A and ASTER GDEM data for lithological mapping in the coastal zone of Shanwei district, southern China. Here, a comprehensive scheme for tuff and granite outcrops extraction and lithological classification was employed to process the remote sensing data: 1) Using the matched filtering with image-derived spectra as references, the weathered but representative outcrop-related patches were preliminarily extracted based on the fractal “DN-A” (digital number-area) algorithm; 2) The image masks of NDXI (NDVI, NDSI and MNDWI) in conjunction with spatial intersection, were conducted to minimize the influence of vegetation coverage; 3) Considering terrain features caused by differential weathering, slope analysis have allowed us to discriminate from tuff to granite outcrops; 4) A set of empirical verification criteria were established to assess the classification accuracy, which are exactly 82.4~83.2% of tuff and 91.3~92.3% of granite. The peak values of tuff and granite patch areas are 0–0.1 km2 (51%) and 0–0.5 km2 (60%), and 90% of patches are < 0.6 km2 of tuff and < 3.5 km2 of granite, respectively. The protolith of extracted weathered outcrops were further identified by several excavated trenches. This research has contributed a useful case study for remote-sensing lithological mapping in weathered and vegetated coastal zone, and the proposed approach should have a great possibility to be extrapolated for other similar cases.

The potential correlation between serum lipid profiles and suicidal tendencies has been previously reported, however, it is unclear whether serum lipid profiles have definite relevance to recently attempted suicides in individuals suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, the relationship between blood lipids and suicide attempts in first-episode MDD patients in research were used to examine whether there is a connection. The cross-sectional study recruited 580 patients at the time of their first episode, measuring up to the diagnostic standard of MDD. Baseline demographic, clinical data, and blood lipid level data were collected. Depression severity was measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Our results revealed that the level of TC may be identified as a promising and effective biomarker for first-episode MDD suicide risk, suggesting that screening of serum lipid profiles in depressive patients is essential for suicide prevention.

The LOF data anomaly detection method has some defects, such as the value of k has great influence on the accuracy of detection results, and the selection of k value usually adopts trial method, which consumes a lot of calculation time. Therefore, this paper proposes an anomaly detection method for LOF data based on sample parameter selection, Tagged according to the sample data set point of normal and abnormal point, the adaptive selection of k value and outlier detection, so as to improve the accuracy of data outlier detection and calculation speed, and through the example of meteorological data outliers detection showed that LOF abnormal data points based on sample parameter selection method in the detection accuracy and reliability are improved significantly.

Recently, enormous research passion has been devoted to reduce air pollution caused by vehicle emissions. Effective vehicle emission control method is to convert exhaust pollutants by placing catalyst in the exhaust pipe. However, the major stumbling block is that a large portion of emission occurs in the initial 20–30 s during the engine cold-start stage, before catalyst can reach its operating temperature. To address the challenge, herein we developed a catalyst utilizing Pd and Rh as active components, Ce-Zr solid solution as assistant, γ-Al2O3 as coating and Fe-Cr-Al as supporter. The catalyst component was optimized (atom ratio of Ce:Zr is 6:4, mass ratio of Pd:Rh is 8:2, total weight of Pd and Rh is 1.2 g/L, pore density is 700 pores/inch2) and high-frequency electrical heating technique was employed to decrease operating temperature from 400°C to 350°C and improve exhaust conversion efficiency by 78%.

Combining synthetic-aperture imaging and coherent-light detection technology, the weak signal identification capacity of Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) reaches the photo level, and the image resolution exceeds the diffraction limit of the telescope to obtain high-resolution images irrespective to ranges. This paper introduces SAL, including the development path, technology characteristics, and the restriction of imaging swath. On the basis of this, we propose to integrate the SAL technology for extending its swath. By analyzing the scanning-operation mode and the signal model, the paper explicitly proposes that the former mode will be the developmental trend of the SAL technology. This paper also introduces the flight demonstrations of the SAL and the imaging results of remote targets, showing the potential of the SAL in long-range, high-resolution, and scanning-imaging applications. The technology and the theory of the scanning mode of SAL compensates for the defects related to the swath and operation efficiency of the current SAL. It provides scientific foundation for the SAL system applied in wide swath, high resolution earth observation, and the ISAL system applied in space-targets imaging.