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The importance of question bank construction in medical education has been well proved. However, there are still some weaknesses in the clinical teaching assessment question bank, including the inconsistency between assessment and clinical practice, the lack of coherence in question bank updates, and the mismatch between proposition and student learning stage. To address these issues, this article explores a teaching model which connects flipped classroom with student independent proposition and analyzes the advantages of applying flipped classroom to question bank construction. The connection between the two effectively established a regular updating mechanism for question banks, thus improve the construction of question banks in current medical education. It may support the capacity building of students′ self-oriented and regulated learning and improve the quality of teaching assessment.

Chinese Space Station (CSS) has been fully deployed by the end of 2022, and the facility has entered into the application and development phase. It has conducted scientific research projects in various fields, such as space life science and biotechnology, space materials science, microgravity fundamental physics, fluid physics, combustion science, space new technologies, and applications. In this review, we introduce the progress of CSS development and provide an overview of the research conducted in Chinese Space Station and the recent scientific findings in several typical research fields. Such compelling findings mainly concern the rapid solidification of ultra-high temperature alloy melts, dynamics of fluid transport in space, gravity scaling law of boiling heat transfer, vibration fluidization phenomenon of particulate matter, cold atom interferometer technology under high microgravity and related equivalence principle testing, the full life cycle of rice under microgravity and so forth. Furthermore, the planned scientific research and corresponding prospects of Chinese space station in the next few years are presented.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis and treatment ofpatients with pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice.MethodsClinical data of patients hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital who underwent ERCP biliary stent drainage for pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice from January 1, 2023 to February 26, 2024 were retrospectively collected. They were categorized into the fusion technology group and the simple ERCP group according to whether EUS-FNA was performed in the same endoscopic unit. The differences in pathologic diagnosis rate, ERCP drainage success rate, postoperative complication rate and patients' single hospitalization time were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 161 patients with pancreatic cancer combined with obstructive jaundice who underwent ERCP biliary stent drainage meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, of which 80 were in the fusion technique group and 81 were in the simple ERCP group. The pathological diagnosis rate in the fusion technique group was higher than that in the simple ERCP group[92.50%(74/80) vs. 46.15%(12/26), P < 0.001], and the ERCP drainage success rate[82.50%(66/80) vs. 86.42%(70/81), P=0.360], the overall postoperative complication rate[5.00%(4/80) vs. 2.47%(2/81), P=0.443], and single hospitalization time[4 (4, 7)d vs. 5 (3, 9)d, P=0.397] were not statistically different from simple ERCP groups.ConclusionThe fusion of EUS-FNA and ERCP enhances the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic carcinoma, warranting widespread adoption and further research.

Objective To reasonably evaluate the energy absorption reliability index of anti-climber devices, a reliability analysis method based on ISSSM (improved sinusoidal and surrogate model) is proposed. Method Firstly, a finite element model for anti-climber device collision is established. Secondly, the rationality of the finite element simulation model is verified based on the collision test data of the anti-climber device. Then, based on the principles of sum of sine function construction, the basic form of the force-displacement function for the anti-climber device collision process is clarified. According to the energy absorption consistency criterion, the anti-climber device energy absorption ISSSM is constructed. Combining reliability theory, a reliability analysis model for anti-climber device energy absorption is established. Finally, a specific model of anti-climber device is studied, and its energy absorption reliability index is evaluated. Result & Conclusion The constructed energy absorption ISSSM can reasonably reproduce the mechanical characteristics of the anti-climber device collision energy absorption process. When the coefficient of variation increases from 0.05 to 0.1, the energy absorption reliability index decreases from 3.07 to 1.53.

Purposes 38CrMoAl steel is often used as pistons in a hydraulic pump, its surface performance is especially important for long-life safe working. Wear is the main failure mode of pistons in a hydraulic pump. With surface strengthening treatment, it is able to break through its performance limit and realize high performance and reliable operation of a hydraulic pump. Methods In this work, the pattern and performance on the surface of 38CrMoAl steel has been regulated by a duplex treatment of surface texturing (ST) and active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN), aiming to achieve strengthening on its surface. Dimple texture with different shapes were first prepared on 38CrMoAl steel surface by laser processing technology. 38CrMoAl steel samples with and without textured surface have been treated by ASPN. A ball-on-disc friction and wear testing machine was employed to investigate the effect of surface texture-active screen plasma nitriding duplex treatment on the tribological behavior of 38CrMoAl steel. Findings The results show that ASPN layer is mainly built up by the phases of ε-Fe2-3N, γ′-Fe4N and CrN. The ASPN layer is compact, and free of obvious cracks and holes. Meanwhile, it is found that the uniform and continuous ASPN layer consists of a white bright layer and a diffusion layer. The hardness across surface to the inside of the ASPN layer has demonstrated a gradient distribution, where the highest hardness value is detected on the surface, and the hardness decreases as the distance from the surface increases. According to the dry sliding friction results of 38CrMoAl steel related samples against Al2O3 balls, the coefficients of friction of 38CrMoAl steel and ST＋ASPN-38CrMoAl steel are 0.40 and 0.36, respectively. The ST＋ASPN-38CrMoAl steel presents a 92.5% reduction in mass loss, as compared with 38CrMoAl steel. It can be concluded that surface texturing-active screen plasma nitriding duplex treatment endows the working surface of 38CrMoAl steel with enhanced tribological performance.

Purposes A novel type of Ni2CoCr0.5Si0.3Al0.1Ti0.1 medium entropy alloy is designed in this work. Methods Trace amounts of Si, Al, and Ti elements are added to the non-equiatomic ratio NiCoCr-based medium entropy alloy, and dispersed coherent L12 phase precipitation is introduced through aging heat treatment at different temperatures. Findings The results show that the Ni2CoCr0.5Si0.3Al0.1Ti0.1 medium entropy alloy aged at 700 ℃ has the best mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 783 MPa, an ultimate tensile of 1 252 MPa, and an elongation of 41.6%. Compared with the annealed samples, the alloy after aging treatment is increased in yield strength by 310 MPa. Further analysis of the initial microstructure of the alloy aged at 700 ℃ reveals the presence of coherent L12 phase structure and trace amount of intermetallic compound Ni16Ti6Si7 phase. Meanwhile, because of the severe deformation through cold rolling and the short time of annealing treatment, trace stacking faults, nano stacking fault networks, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and dislocation pinning phenomena are found in the initial structure. The geometrically necessary dislocation exhibits a uniform distribution during the stretching process, and the main deformation mode is dominated by dislocation slip with a stacking fault structure.

Background: The occurrence of immunity and inflammation outside the central nervous system frequently results in acute cognitive impairment among elderly patients. However, there is currently a lack of standardized methods for diagnosing acute cognitive impairment. The objective of our study was to identify potential mRNA biomarkers and investigate the pathogenesis of acute cognitive impairment in mice brains. Methods: To analyze changes in hub genes associated with acute cognitive impairment, bioinformatics analysis was performed on the mouse brain injury data of sterile saline control group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced experimental group in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Functional analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), which facilitated to identify some potential mRNA biomarkers for hub gene expression in mice brains. Additionally, the ''CIBERSORT X″ R kit was employed to examine immune cell infiltrations of mice brains in LPS group and saline group. Results: In the LPS and saline group, 102 significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 32 downregulated DEGs were identified. The pathway enrichment analysis using GO and KEGG revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to the regulation of cytokine, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, as well as protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor. Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated potential involvement of M1 macrophages, NK cells resting, T cells CD4 memory, and T cells CD8 naive in the process of cognitive impairment. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, five hub genes (Cxcl10, Cxcl12, Cxcr3, Gbp2, and Ifih1) showed significant associations with immune cell types by using a threshold Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of R > 0.50 and p

[ Objective ] The NAC transcription factor family is a class of transcription factors that is widely studied in plants. It plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and responding to abiotic stress. Maize is one of the three major food crops , which faces various adverse stresses in growth and development. Salt stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting crop growth and produc- tion. Therefore , it is of great significance to identify maize salt resistance genes and analyze their salt re- sistance mechanism for breeding stress-resistant maize varieties. [ Methods ] This study cloned the maize transcription factor ZmNAC59 and analyzed its conserved domain and phylogenetic relationship using bioinformatics methods. The expression pattern of the gene in leaves under NaCl and MeJA treatments was analyzed using the quantitative real-time PCR method. The stable transgenic system was used to het- erologously express the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana for phenotype observation. At the same time , virus- induced silencing technology was used to silence the gene in maize , followed by phenotype observation un- der salt stress and enzyme activity detection. [ Results ] The qRT-PCR results showed that ZmNAC59 was up-regulated by NaCl and MeJA treatments. After virus-induced silencing of ZmNAC59 , the silenced strains were more sensitive to salt stress and accumulated more ROS. After over expression of ZmNAC59 in A . thaliana , the over expression lines had higher survival rate , less accumulation of ROS , and lower Na + / K + ratios under salt stress , indicating that ZmNAC59 , as a positive regulator of salt stress , can im- prove plant salt resistance by regulating ion homeostasis. qRT-PCR results showed that Na + and K + transport related genes were significantly up-regulated in A . thaliana overexpression lines. After transient expression of ZmNAC59 in maize protoplasts , the expression of ZmSOS1 , ZmNHX1 , and ZmNHX7 were significantly up-regulated after salt treatment. The Dual-LUC experiment showed that ZmSOS1 was the target gene of ZmNAC59. [ Conclusion ] This study finds that ZmNAC59 activates ZmSOS1 promoter and regulates its expression to promote ion transport under salt stress , thereby improving plant salt resist- ance. This provides a basis for the screening of maize stress resistant genes and variety cultivation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, and good therapeutic results are often difficult to obtain due to its complex pathogenesis and diverse causative factors. After decades of research and exploration of OA, it has been progressively found that subchondral bone is essential for its pathogenesis, and pathological changes in subchondral bone can be observed even before cartilage lesions develop. Osteoclasts, the main cells regulating bone resorption, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone. Subchondral osteoclasts regulate the homeostasis of subchondral bone through the secretion of degradative enzymes, immunomodulation, and cell signaling pathways. In OA, osteoclasts are overactivated by autophagy, ncRNAs, and Rankl/Rank/OPG signaling pathways. Excessive bone resorption disrupts the balance of bone remodeling, leading to increased subchondral bone loss, decreased bone mineral density and consequent structural damage to articular cartilage and joint pain. With increased understanding of bone biology and targeted therapies, researchers have found that the activity and function of subchondral osteoclasts are affected by multiple pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of subchondral osteoclasts in OA, enumerate the latest advances in subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapy for OA, and look forward to the future trends of subchondral osteoclast-targeted therapies in clinical applications to fill the gaps in the current knowledge of OA treatment and to develop new therapeutic strategies.

ObjectiveTo develop a framework for clinical teaching management (CTM) position competencies, and to initiate the preliminary application of this framework.MethodsKey groups comprising clinical teaching coordinators, clinical trainees, teaching administrators, and the educational reform practice and research group at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were selected as research samples. The nominal group technique (NGT) was employed to generate, integrate, and establish a framework, as well as to describe CTM competencies. Additionally, rankings of competency importance were gathered. The competency framework was then utilized to conduct a self-assessment of CTM through a questionnaire survey, scored using the Likert method (ranging from 1 to 5 points), followed by an analysis of the results.ResultsThe initial NGT discussion round among key groups led to a consensus on the primary CTM competency framework, which included professionalism, coordinating ability, teaching ability, and teaching innovation. Divergent views emerged regarding the connotations and importance rankings of each dimension. Following the second NGT discussion by the educational reform practice and research group, a self-assessment was carried out using the CTM competency framework. This second discussion round resulted in a competency framework for clinical teaching management positions that encompassed seven dimensions: medical knowledge and skills, learner-centeredness, communication and cooperation, professionalism and role modeling, reflection and improvement, teaching theory and methods, and teaching coordination and management. The self-assessment revealed that, aside from the dimensions of teaching coordination and management and teaching theory and methods, the scores for the other five dimensions were above 80% (4 points).ConclusionsA preliminary CTM competency framework has been established and applied. The results provide significant insights for guidiny the enhancement and evaluation of competencies.However, specific items within this framework require further validation and refinement through practical application.

BackgroundThe occurrence rate of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders is higher than that of the general population. In China， there is limited research on the prediction of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders， particularly in terms of predicting models using data mining techniques other than traditional methods.ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders and testing whether the classification decision tree model is superior to the Logistic regression model.MethodsA total of 11 484 community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders who had complete follow-up records from 2013 to 2022 were selected on December 2023. The data were divided into a training set （n=9 186） and a testing set （n=2 298） in an 8∶2 ratio. Logistic regression and classification decision trees were separately used to establish predictive models in the training set. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated in the testing set.ResultsDuring the follow-up period， 1 115 cases （9.71%） exhibited dangerous behaviors. Logistic regression results showed that urban residence， poverty， guardianship， intellectual disability， history of dangerous behaviors， impaired insight and positive symptoms were risk factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=1.778， 1.459， 2.719， 1.483， 3.890， 1.423， 2.528， 2.124， P

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is closely related to neurological diseases such as stroke, migraine, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and decompression sickness (DCS). It has been suggested that PFO closure could be effectively prevent and treat these neurological diseases. This article focus on exploration of the pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical characteristics of neurological diseases related to PFO, and to discuss the potential complexity and future development of PFO closure for the treatment of these diseases. The aim is to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases related to PFO.

Nb–Ti–Al base alloy is an important structural material with low density and high temperature. However, as with other niobium alloys, the weak oxidation resistance is the bottleneck of its engineering application. Surface coating technology is considered an ideal method to solve the oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloys. In this article, the progress of research on high-temperature antioxidation silicide coatings on Nb–Ti–Al alloy in recent years is reviewed. The microstructure, phase composition, and oxidation properties of different silicide coatings are analyzed. The failure mechanism and applications of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloy silicide coating are summarized. The existing problems and future development of Nb–Ti–Al-based alloy silicide coatings are analyzed and prospected.

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), a biomaterial renowned for its mechanical prowess and biocompatibility, is increasingly preferred for medical implants. Its natural bone-like mechanical property, ease of manipulation, and ability to mitigate stress shielding render it a standout replacement for titanium in dental implantology. Adding carbon fiber and graphene to PEEK can further enhance the mechanical properties of PEEK. However, the biological passivity of PEEK hampers its efficacy in bone repair, driving spurring research into surface modifications to enhance its bioactivity. Incorporating metal, inorganic, and organic antimicrobial agents is anticipated to bolster PEEK’s resistance to bacteria, thereby reducing the risk of acute postoperative infections and peri-implantitis. Apart from its antimicrobial activity, researchers have also investigated methods to enhance the osteogenic properties of PEEK. These approaches include surface modification and blending modification. Surface modification includes physical modification, chemical modification, and biologically active substance modification. These methods can further enhance the implant integration and durability, potentially improving patient outcomes. This overview examines PEEK’s processing techniques and highlights recent research achievements in improving its biomechanical, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties. Considering these strides, we argue that modified PEEK holds significant promise as a material for dental implants, charting an encouraging course for its clinical future.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between the left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) and lower-end sternal splitting (LESS) approaches for coronary artery disease. Methods In total, 110 patients who underwent LAST from October 2015 to December 2020 in Tianjin Chest Hospital were selected as the observation group. Patients who underwent the LESS approach during the same period were analyzed. The propensity score was calculated by a logistic regression model, and nearest-neighbor matching was used for 1:1 matching. Results The length of hospital stay and ventilator support time were significantly shorter in the LAST than LESS group. The target vessels in the obtuse marginal branch and posterior left ventricular artery branch grafts were significantly more numerous in the LAST than LESS group, but those in the right coronary artery graft were significantly less numerous in the LAST group. Conclusions CABG using either the LAST or LESS approach is safe and effective, especially in low-risk patients. The LAST approach can achieve complete revascularization for multivessel lesions and has the advantages of less trauma and an aesthetic outcome. However, it requires a certain learning curve to master the surgical techniques and has specific surgical indications.

Objective To investigate whether sarcopenia before concurrent chemoradiotherapy is prone to grade≥3 acute adverse reactions (AAR) and shorten survival in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Data of advanced patients with pathologically diagnosed ESCC and CCRT (FP regimen) from August 2018 to July 2022 were reviewed retrospectively.Skeletal muscle mass and body composition were measured using pre-treatment CT images, and patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups.Grade≥3 AAR was diagnosed based on CTCAE5.0 and acute radiation injury criteria of the US RTOG.Risk factors for developing grade≥3 AAR were analyzed, and survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results Among 132 patients with ESCC (87 in the sarcopenia group and 45 in the non-sarcopenia group), 23(17.4%) experienced grade≥3 AAR.In multivariate regression analysis, independent risk factors for grade ≥3 AAR included the following: sarcopenia (OR: 6.034, 95%CI: 1.206-30.190, P=0.029), decreased SMD (OR: 0.693, 95%CI: 0.492-0.976, P=0.036), decreased SMI (OR: 0.841, 95%CI: 0.721-0.982, P=0.028), and increased FMI (OR: 2.433, 95%CI: 1.194-4.958;P=0.014).The OS rates were 16.01 months (95%CI: 14.89-17.13) in the sarcopenia group and 19.27 months (95%CI: 14.45-24.09) in the non-sarcopenia group (χ2=5.326, P=0.021) as well as 14.86 months (95%CI: 11.30-18.42) for patients with grade≥3 AAR and 16.67 months (95%CI: 14.91-18.43) for patients with grade 0-2 AAR (χ2=5.47, P=0.019).Among patients with grade≥3 AAR, the OS rates were 12.13 months (95%CI: 10.15-14.11) in the sarcopenia group and 18.69 months (95%CI: 12.85-21.88) in the non-sarcopenia group (χ2=4.466, P=0.035). Conclusion Sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle density, and increased fat mass are important predictors of grade≥3 AAR.The OS of patients with sarcopenia and grade≥3 AAR may be reduced.

This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the current state of health standards in China by systematically searching the National Health Commission's Health Standards website and variousliterature databases. By identifying key issues within the domain of health standards, this study subsequently presentstargeted strategies and recommendations. These findings serve as a valuable reference for refining China's health standard system and developing policies related to health standards.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of common complications of long-term dialysis patients. Although medical treatment schemes such as calcimimetics and vitamin D analogues can be selected, patients refractory to drug treatment can still refer to parathyroidectomy as a treatment choice. At present, the surgical treatment include subtotal parathyroidectomy, total parathyroidectomy with or without auto-transplantation and purge parathyroidectomy. Because the etiology of this disease is related to hyperplasia of parathyroid tissue stimulated with metabolic disorder of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in dialysis patients, the course of disease and target indexes of surgical treatment might still be difficult to control, and there still lies controversies in surgical therapeutic strategy. However, with updating of clinical data, the emergence of new concepts and the introduction of new technologies, reasonable drug selection and appropriate timing of surgical intervention will further improve the treatment efficacy and safety.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and chronic joint disease that affects the aging population, causing pain and disability. Macrophages in synovium are important mediators of synovial inflammatory activity and pathological joint pain. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant involvement of κ-opioid receptor (KOR) in the regulation of pain and inflammation. Our study reveals a significant reduction in synovial KOR expression among patients and mice with OA. Here, we find that KOR activation effectively inhibits the expressions of the LPS-induced-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotype. Mechanistically, KOR activation effectively suppresses the proinflammatory factor secretion of macrophages by inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Our animal experiments reveal that activation of KOR effectively alleviates knee pain and prevents synovitis progression in OA mice. Consistently, KOR administration suppresses the expressions of M1 macrophage markers and the NF-κB pathway in the synovium of the knee. Collectively, our study suggests that targeting KOR may be a viable strategy for treating OA by inhibiting synovitis and improving joint pain in affected patients.

Abstract Recently, natural photosensitizers, such as berberine, curcumin, riboflavin, and emodin, have received more and more attention in photodynamic therapy. Tanshinone I (TanI) is extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Danshen, and exhibits many physiological functions including antitumor. TanI is a photoactive phytocompounds, but no work was tried to investigate its potential photodynamic effect. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity induced by the photodynamic effect of TanI. The photochemical reactions of TanI were firstly investigated by laser flash photolysis. Then breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was chosen as a model and the photodynamic effect of TanI on cancer cell was evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that TanI could be photoexcited by its UV–Vis absorption light to produce 3TanI* which was quickly quenched by O2. MTT assay showed that the photodynamic effect of TanI resulted in more obvious inhibitive effect on cell survival and cell migration. Besides, the photodynamic effect of TanI could induce cell apoptosis and necrosis, lead to cell cycle arrest in G2, increase intracellular ROS, and decrease the cellular Δψm. It can be concluded that the photodynamic effect of TanI can obviously enhance the cytotoxicity of TanI on MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, which indicated that TanI might serve as a natural photosensitizer.

The interaction between intestinal microecological dysregulation, altered inflammatory factors, and cirrhosis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of previous studies to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of cirrhosis and their effect on inflammatory factors, as well as to explore the relationship between gut microecological dysregulation and liver disease to gain a deeper understanding of this interaction. Up to December 2022, eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases: National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed using software RevMan Version 5.4. A total of 33 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the study, and data on probiotic strains, duration of intervention, measures in the control group, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significant improvements in overall efficacy. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that probiotic use significantly decreased biochemical parameters for liver function, including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Similar result was obtained in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endotoxin. However, probiotic intervention did not significantly affect interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. The current meta-analysis illustrates that probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters for liver function in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that probiotic management may be a novel treatment for cirrhosis. Furthermore, the interaction of the gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and inflammation factors with cirrhosis may provide a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of cirrhosis.

To develop a novel diagnostic model combining bilirubin, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to improve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis.

The low cycle fatigue（LCF） properties of DD6 single crystal superalloy were investigated at 700 ℃ and R of 0.05. SEM was used to study the fracture surface and fracture microstructure. The results show that the LCF life of the alloy decreases with the increase of strain amplitude. LCF properties of the alloy are excellent under asymmetrical cyclic loading. The alloy has no transition fatigue life during LCF tests at all total strain amplitudes. LCF fatigue damage can be dominantly contributed to elastic damage and the plastic deformation is very minimal. The plastic damage increases with the increase of total strain amplitude. The crack initiation site, the fatigue crack propagation area and the final fracture zone can be observed in the fracture surface and all specimens is similar to quasi-cleavage fracture. The fatigue cracks are initiated from the micro-pores on the surface, sub-surface or far from the surface. Far from the surface crack fractures have fish-eye feature. The fatigue crack propagates perpendicularly to main stress at first and then along {111} plane. Typical fatigue striation, cleavage steps and river pattern characteristic are formed on fatigue crack propagation zone. The cleavage plane, slip band and tearing ridge are seen in the final fracture zone. Fracture microstructure analysis shows that the γ′ phase morphology far from the fracture surface still maintains cubic shape， and the slip bands are visible seen near the fracture surface， and secondary cracks are formed along slip bands.

The effect of secondary γ' phase evolution on the creep properties of single crystal superalloy DD6 was investigated at 760℃/785 MPa and 980℃/250 MPa by FESEM and TEM. The results indicate that the secondary γ' phases in DD6 alloy with standard heat treatment are precipitated in the matrix channel after exposure at 1120℃/4 h/AC. Since the secondary γ' phases in the matrix prevent the a/2〈011〉 dislocation gliding in the matrix channel and promote the {111}〈112〉 slip operated in the primary γ' phases at the beginning of creep at 760℃/785 MPa, the secondary γ' phases in the matrix channel decrease the incubation period and significantly improve the primary strain and creep rate. The secondary γ' phases in the matrix will dissolve rapidly at the beginning of creep at 980℃/250 MPa, therefore, the secondary γ' phases have no influence on the creep behaviour of 980℃/250 MPa.

Abstract Background Our study aimed to compare the prevalence of postoperative fever during the COVID-19 pandemic period with that of the preceding non-pandemic period. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with pectus excavatum (PE) undergoing minimally invasive repair (also called NUSS procedure) at Nanjing Children’s Hospital from January 1, 2017 to March 1, 2019 (Group 2019), and from January 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021 (Group 2021). Data from a total of 284 patients, consisting of 200 (70.4%) males and 84 (29.6%) females with an average age of 9.73 ± 3.41 (range, 4 to 17) years, were collected. The presence of post-operative fever (defined as a forehead temperature of 37.5℃ or above within 72 h post-surgery), as well as the time of operation, duration of postoperative mechanical ventilator and urinary catheter use, and length of hospitalization were all assessed in admitted patients from Group 2019 (n = 144) and Group 2021 (n = 140). Postoperative white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and prevalence of postoperative complications (i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary atelectasis, pneumonia, wound infection, and dehiscence) were also determined. Result Our results showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative fever within 24 to 72 h of surgery in patients admitted from Group 2019 as compared to Group 2021 (p 0.05). The average hospitalization length of Group 2021 was significantly shorter than Group 2019 (12.49 ± 2.57 vs. 11.85 ± 2.19 days, p 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of postoperative fever within 72 h of surgery and the length of hospital stay for patients with PE undergoing NUSS surgery were both decreased in Group 2021. We propose that the above phenomenon may be related to increased used of personal protection equipment (such as surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) by physicians, nurses, and the patients themselves.

The occurrence of gastric cancer is closely related to environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Currently, RNA modification is a research frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics. With the advancements in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing technologies, new technologies and methods of exploring RNA modification are constantly being presented. Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications such as m6A, m5C, and ac4C regulate the malignant progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. This article systematically reviews the research status and mechanism of different RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, as well as discusses its potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

In order to improve the application of copper powder in the field of microwave absorption, nickel coated copper powder and silver coated nickel coated copper composite powder were prepared by electroless plating method using copper powder as raw material. The phase composition and microstructure of composite powder was characterized by X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscope. And the electromagnetic adsorption performance was tested by vector grid analyzer. The results show that the sample of nickel-coated copper powder with a thickness of 2.4 mm at 10.74 GHz has a RL min of -21.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 0.08 GHz. The sample with a thickness of 2.6 mm at 10.78 GHz has a RL min of -25.04 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 0.15 GHz. In the band of 8.2 ~12.4 GHz, the RL min at 9.92 GHz is -55.36 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.2 GHz when the thickness of the sample is 2.6 mm. The thickness of the sample is 2.2～2.6 mm, and the reflection loss value in the whole X-band is less than -10 dB, which is the effective absorption bandwidth. Compared with nickel coated copper powder, silver coated copper coated powder has better microwave absorption performance, wider absorption frequency and wider thickness range.

To accurately locate leaks in buried gas pipelines, a dual-array localization method of eigenspace-based DOA estimation was proposed to detect the leak-induced vibroacoustic signals with the ground-mounted accelerometer array, identify the ground markers and obtain the depth of the leak source. The minimum variance distortionless response beamforming algorithm was introduced to conduct spatial filtering for the array signal, so as to eliminate the reverberation interference in the finite experimental space. Under the experimental soil conditions, the frequency of the leak signals ranges from 200 Hz to 700 Hz and the P1 wave speed is 1 108 m/s. After filtering on the reverberation signal, the source directions can be accurately estimated with the arrays at different locations, for which the root mean square error is kept lower than 1° at the SNR of-3 dB. When the leak source is located in front of the second array, the calculation errors of the marker distance and leak source depth are found lower than 0.06 m and 0.04 m respectively at the SNR of-3 dB, and accurate localization can be achieved by properly adjusting the array location. The locating accuracy of the dual-array localization method is higher than that of the single-array locating method, with the localization error reduced by 79.45% on average, which is helpful to identify and verify the microleak points of buried gas pipelines, and ensure the safe operation of pipelines.

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of two typical advanced glycation end products （AGEs） in bread.MethodsProtein-bound carboxymethyl lysine （CML） and carboxyethyl lysine （CEL） were used as the detection objects. Bread sample was subjected to reduction incubation， protein precipitation， addition of isotope internal standard， acid hydrolysis， nitrogen blowing， reconstitution with nonafluorovaleric acid aqueous solution， and then underwent multi-reaction monitoring to quantitative analysis.ResultsThe detection limit and quantification limit of the method were 4.5 ng/g and 20 ng/g for CML， and 0.5 ng/g and 2 ng/g for CEL. The spike recovery rates of CML and CEL were 89.62%-95.65% and 86.38%-97.17%. The linear range were 2.5-800 ng/mL and 0.25-80 ng/mL， and the coefficients of determination were both above 0.999.ConclusionThe method was accurate and sensitive， and could meet the detection requirements of AGEs in bread.

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains to be a common but severe complication after liver transplantation (LT). However, there are still few clinically validated biomarkers. A total of 214 patients who underwent routine furosemide (1–2 mg/kg) after LT were retrospectively included. The urine output during the first 6 h was recorded to evaluate the predictive value of AKI stage 3 and renal replacement therapy (RRT). 105 (49.07%) patients developed AKI, including 21 (9.81%) progression to AKI stage 3 and 10 (4.67%) requiring RRT. The urine output decreased with the increasing severity of AKI. The urine output of AKI stage 3 did not significantly increase after the use of furosemide. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the total urine output in the first hour to predict progression to AKI stage 3 was 0.94 (p

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique optical properties, such as infinite quality factor and wave localization. In order to improve the optical performance of BICs based devices, more degrees of freedom are required to tune BICs in high-dimension parameter space for practical applications. To effectively tune more BICs, we form a 2D synthetic parameter space based on a nanohole metasurface array. Multiple symmetry protected BIC modes with high Q factors can be achieved at high-order symmetry point. Through manipulating asymmetry parameters, BIC lines formed by a series of BIC modes can be found in the 2D synthetic parameter space. Moreover, the electric field distributions are investigated to demonstrate the generation and evolution of BICs. By measuring the absorption spectra, the tuning of multiple BICs with synthetic asymmetry parameters is experimentally explored, which agrees well with theoretical results. Therefore, our design can provide new insight for a variety of on-chip applications, such as nonlinear devices, integrated nanolasing array, and high-resolution sensors for infrared molecular detection.

Abstract In power electronic systems, when a power device turns on by mistake, there would be at least two devices in the short‐circuit (SC) current loop, forming series short‐circuit (SSC) fault. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of SiC MOSFETs, Si IGBTs in SSC are investigated based on the half‐bridge circuit. The effect laws of load current and junction temperature to voltage division in SSC are discussed. Taking a three‐level (3‐L) active neutral point clamped (ANPC) topology based on hybrid utilization of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET as the research object, the SSC performance is investigated. The theoretical and experimental results show that, in the process of SSC, the voltage division features of SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs are different and highly sensitive to circuit parameters. When both SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT are in the SC current loop, the device with a lower saturation current level limits the short circuit current and bears most of the dc‐bus voltage. Moreover, in the Si/SiC hybrid 3‐L ANPC topology, if the saturation current of selected SiC MOSFETs is higher than that of Si IGBTs, the SC withstanding level of SiC MOSFETs could be improved, thereby reducing the SC protection circuit requirements.

Although many studies focusing on the causes of the abnormal concentration of different coalbed methane (CBM) compositions were conducted, the unified standard for defining the abnormal concentration of different components is still missed. To clarify the distribution of CBM composition in China and determine the concentration boundary of abnormal composition, based on 4654 measured and collected gas data from coalfield exploration boreholes and CBM wells, which meet the lower limit of CBM reserves estimation in the standard DZ/T 0216—2020. The statistical results showed that the average concentration of CH4, C2+, CO2, and N2 in CBM in China were 91.82%、0.85%、2.04% and 5.19%, respectively, and the proportion of CH4 concentration greater than 90% was 77.44%. It can be defined as abnormal gas composition meeting any of the following four conditions: the C2+ concentration is greater than 5%; the N2/CO2 concentration is greater than 10%; the harmful gas concentration exceeds the upper limit of coal mine safety regulations; the rare gas concentration exceeds that in air. Based on the definition, the results showed that the proportion of C2+ concentration greater than 5% is 5.16% in China and the CO2 concentration greater than 10% accounts for 4.00%. Moreover, the proportion of N2 concentration greater than 10% is 13.26%, and the maximum helium concentration in the southern Junggar Basin reaches 0.97%. Based on the above results, the causes of abnormal CBM composition/concentrations are summarized as the stages of coalification, the differences in coal petrography, sulfate reduction effect, ancient weathering crust, and the migration of gas outside the source. In the subsequent CBM exploration, it is suggested to determine the total gas composition; conduct the study focusing on the gas desorption in coal reservoirs with abnormal CO2 and N2 concentration; determine the helium source rock of coal measures and discuss the law of hydrocarbon helium source and reservoirs to analyze the interaction between organic gas and inorganic gas of coal measures; comprehensively clarify the transformation of geological structure, groundwater flow, microorganism and magmatic activity on gas components to reveal the evolution mechanism of migration, enrichment, and preservation of different gas components in different regions. The results provide a guide for CBM exploitation, coal mine safety production, and CBM utilization.

With the popularization of the air conditioning, its reliability during operation has gradually become a focus of attention. However, due to the uncertainty in the reliability analysis process, the accuracy of the results will be affected. To overcome this challenge, a method for air conditioner reliability analysis combining Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) and Markov Model (MM) is proposed. Firstly, orthogonal defect classification (ODC) is used to statistic and analyze the defect data of the air conditioning system, and the network structure of the DBN is determined based on the results of the analysis. Then, the state transfer probability of each node is obtained by MM, and then the reliability, steady state availability, and maintainability of the air conditioning system are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by a case study of air conditioning failure data. The results show that the steady state availability of the air conditioning system in this case is 0.996.

BackgroundWith the aging of the global population, Spinal injuries are often prone to occur and affect human health. The development of technology has put robots on the stage to assist in the treatment of spinal injuries.MethodsA comprehensive literature search were carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, CKNI, Wang fang, VIP database, Sino Med, Clinical Trails until 20th, June, 2023 to collect effect of robot-assisted gait training for patients with spinal cord injury patients. Primary outcome includes any changes of gait distance and gait speed. Secondary outcomes include any changes in functions (Such as TUG, Leg strength, 10 MWT) and any advent events. Data were extracted from two independent individuals and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was assessed for the included studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software.Results11 studies were included in meta-analysis. The result showed that gait distance [WMD = 16.05, 95% CI (−15.73, 47.83), I2 = 69%], gait speed (RAGT vs. regular treatment) [WMD = 0.01, 95% CI (−0.04, 0.05), I2 = 43%], gait speed (RAGT vs. no intervention) [WMD = 0.07, 95% CI (0.01, 0.12), I2 = 0%], leg strength [WMD = 0.59, 95% CI (−1.22, 2.40), I2 = 29%], TUG [WMD = 9.25, 95% CI (2.76, 15.73), I2 = 74%], 10 MWT [WMD = 0.01, 95% CI (−0.15, 0.16), I2 = 0%], and 6 MWT [WMD = 1.79, 95% CI (−21.32, 24.90), I2 = 0%].ConclusionRobot-assisted gait training seems to be helpful for patients with spinal cord to improve TUG. It may not affect gait distance, gait speed, leg strength, 10 MWT, and 6 MWT.

The backfilling material of pipe trenches is very important to ensure the safety of buried pipelines. Due to its small self-weight, controllable strength and self-compaction property, foam concrete is a preferred choice for backfilling buried pipe trenches. In order to study the protective effect of foam concrete on pipelines, buried pipe trenches crossing the oblique reverse faults were backfilled with foam concrete. Then, a nonlinear numerical model for buried pipelines crossing the faults in foam concrete/sand-pipeline-undisturbed soil structure was established through numerical simulation, so as to comparatively analyze the stress and strain of pipelines in the trenches backfilled with foam concrete and sand, respectively. Besides, the effect of the main performance parameters of foam concrete on pipeline strain was further analyzed. As shown by the results, compared with sand, the foam concrete backfilling buried pipe trenches could effectively reduce the stress and strain of pipelines under the dislocation of oblique reverse fault. Meanwhile, the great compressive strength of foam concrete has better effect on reducing the pipeline strain, while the friction coefficient of foam concrete and pipelines should not be too large but sufficient to ensure its friction with pipeline. Generally, the research results could provide reference for the application of foam concrete to backfill buried pipe trenches crossing the fault.In order to improve the prediction accuracy on internal corrosion rate of multiphase flow pipelines, the combined model of Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm(IGSA) and Random Forest Regression(RFR) was adopted, the number of decision trees and division characteristics of RFR model were optimized by IGSA, the influence of iteration times on prediction accuracy was discussed, the accuracy of model was verified by introducing the statistical indicators, and the characteristic variables affecting the corrosion rate were ranked. The results show that the variables other than pressure have great influence on the internal corrosion rate. The mean-square error of IGSA-RFR combined model in the same test set is 0.000 016 5, which is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of other models. Besides, its mean absolute percentage error is 0.524 1, which is 1 order of magnitude smaller than that of other models, and the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.999 6,which is the closest to 1 in all models. Hence, IGSA-RFR model is better than other models in terms of prediction accuracy and suitable for the research on prediction of internal corrosion rate of multiphase flow gathering pipelines.

The formation and reactivity of surface methoxy species in methanol reaction over SSZ-13 zeolite were investigated by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The surface methoxy species bound to Brønsted acid sites was identified by two-dimensional 13C-27Al heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) NMR experiment. The formation of another surface methoxy species bound to Lewis acid sites was also observed. The combination of 13C NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the two kinds of surface methoxy species possess high reactivity, contributing to the formation of hydrocarbon pool species and hydrocarbons via the hydrocarbon pool mechanism.

This was a patient with a medical history of aspirin-aggravated respiratory disease present with eosinophilic enteritis and recurrent acute pancreatitis. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was clinically suspected due to the clinical presentation of multiple systems and the histological appearance of eosinophilic infiltrate, but acute pancreatitis was rarely reported in this disease. In addition, the patient developed pancreatic pseudocyst, and delayed pseudoaneurysm hemorrhage occurred after drainage of the pseudocyst. The hemorrhage was successfully treated after angiographic embolization, and the patient remained stable after one year. The case was reported here because both the diagnosis and the management were challenging and worth learning.

There have been several false-positive results in the antibody detection of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in false-positive results using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The characteristics of false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG tests were analyzed. The false-positive proportion of single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results was 95.88%, which was higher than those of single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results (71.05%; p < 0.001) and SARS-CoV-2 IgM- and IgG-positive results (39.39%; p < 0.001). The S/CO ratios of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results ranged from 1.0 to 50.0. The false-positive probability of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in the ratios of specimen signals to the cutoff value (S/CO) range (1.0–3.0) was 95.06% (77/81), and the probability of false-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the S/CO range (1.0–2.0) was 85.71% (24/28). Dynamic monitoring showed that the S/CO values of IgM in false-positive results decreased or remained unchanged, whereas the S/CO values of IgG in false-positive results decreased. The possibility of false-positive single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive and single SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive results was high. As the value of S/CO ratios decreased, the probability of false-positives consequently increased, especially among the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive results.

Photocatalytic technology is an effective way to solve the two major problems of environmental problems and energy crisis in today's human society. Semiconductor materials were favored in early research. However, a single semiconductor photocatalyst has disadvantages such as poor response to visible light and easy recombination of electron-hole pairs. Photocatalytic technology has low efficiency in the application of dye wastewater degradation. Therefore, researchers have conducted in-depth studies on the new composite nanomaterials as photocatalysts to degrade dye wastewater. The research progress and main results of three new composite nanomaterials of graphene, metal organic framework, and carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in dye wastewater were introduced in this article. According to the idea of design and upgrading of composite nanomaterials, the preparation methods of some new composite nanomaterials were briefly described, and the degradation efficiency of target pollutants was analyzed. By summarizing the performance of different photocatalytic materials to degrade pollutants in water, the future development trend was prospected. The future development trend and research focus of new composite nanomaterials in the direction of photocatalysis are targeted treatment of wastewater and industrialization.

The fluid distribution is considerably influenced by the reservoir homogeneity. This study analyzes carbonate reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon accumulation processes in the Khasib reservoirs in AB oilfield in the Middle East to discuss factors controlling the distribution of fluid and the effects of this distribution on the productivity of single wells. The Khasib reservoirs in the AB oilfield show uniform vertical distributions, with a large difference in the longitudinal pore throats, and the upper part of the reservoir is better than the lower one. Because the hydrocarbon accumulation is multiphasic, the heterogeneity of crude oil is based on whether traps are formed in the early or late stage of source rock formation during accumulation. Moreover, the longitudinal physical differences in crude oil properties are mainly attributed to the longitudinal differences in the pore throats. The difference in the pore throat and physical properties of crude oil affords differences in the productivity of horizontal wells in different subzones.

Background: The day-ahead power market is an important part of the spot market. In the day-ahead market, participants make short-term forecasts of the load and output to propose the bidding curve more precisely. As energy aggregators that have regulatory resources, virtual power plants (VPPs) need to consider the uncertainty of distributed renewable energy output when participating in power market transactions.Methods: This paper analyzes the uncertainty and built an optimization model for VPP in day-ahead power market considering the uncertainty from both inner parts and the market environment. To verify the model, a simulation study is ran.Results: And the study results show the following: 1) the forecasting model is more efficient than the traditional algorithm in terms of accuracy, and 2) the confidence levels are not fully positive with the benefit of VPPs.Discussion: Improving the confidence level could reduce the uncertainty brought by renewable energy, but could also cause conservative trading behavior and affect the consumption of renewable energy.

This paper introduced the design and application of a device for wiping and disinfecting the suspended uncovered ultraviolet lamp. This device had advantages of low cost, easy-to-operate and high security and sound disinfection effect, could reduce labor cost, reduce material consumption and eliminate hidden dangers of personal safety, and meet the requirements of hospital infection prevention and control. (本研究介绍一款新型无罩悬吊紫外线灯管擦拭装置, 其制作成本低、操作方便、安全性高, 消毒效果优良, 不仅提高了感染科悬吊式紫外线灯管消毒擦拭工作效率, 减少人力成本和物资消耗, 且避免了不必要的安全隐患, 符合院内感染防控要求。)

To quickly obtain dose distribution of products, the dose distribution prediction method of electron beam irradiated products was established by combining the X-ray detection technology and Monte Carlo calculation method.The Monte Carlo simulation was matched with the mass thickness value obtained by the X-ray mass thickness detection equipment to obtain the dose distribution of products. The method was verified by homogeneous material and actual products, and pilot applicability study was carried out in the electron beam irradiation center. The results show that for homogenous materials, the relative error between measurement mass value and the standard value was ＋2.66%, and the dose distribution results predicted were consistent with the actual measured dose distribution.For the actual products, the trend and distribution were basically consistent, which proved the reliability of the method.The pilot applicability study proved that the method has good guidance and practicality, and could improve the production efficiency of the electron beam irradiation processing center.

The number density, size and composition of inclusions in U75V heavy rail steel during ladle furnace (LF)–RH refining process were studied by an Aztec-Feature inclusion automatic software which equipped with a field emission microscope. The results showed that the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions were the main inclusions at LF start. The MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions were transformed into the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions during the LF refining process because of the Ca and Al elements which were brought by ferroalloy. At the RH start stage, the main inclusions were CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions with low melting temperature and CaO–MgO–Al2O3-type inclusions with high melting temperature in the sample. And, the CaO–MgO–Al2O3-type inclusions were obviously removed during RH vacuum treatment. The average compositions of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions had no obvious change from RH vacuum holding for 15 min, RH vacuum break to RH soft blowing.

At present, most of the positioning methods of underground tunneling equipment in coal mines adopt single auxiliary measurement methods such as machine vision, odometer and total station to combine with inertial navigation measurement to suppress the cumulative position error caused by inertial navigation solution over time. However, the single auxiliary measurement method is easy to be affected by the underground environment, and there are certain errors in position measurement, which leads to the reduction of the precision of the combined measurement method with inertial navigation. In order to solve the above problems, taking shield roadheader robot system in coal mine as the research object, a combined positioning method of strapdown inertial navigation+digital total station+displacement sensor is proposed. Firstly, the position and attitude angle parameters of the roadheader robot are calculated by using strapdown inertial navigation. Secondly, the position information of the roadheader robot measured by the digital total station and calculated by the displacement sensor are used to feedback and correct the position information calculated by the strapdown inertial navigation, so as to reduce the cumulative position error generated by the inertial navigation over time. Finally, the position and attitude angle information calculated by the strapdown inertial navigation, the position information obtained by the total station measurement and the position information estimated by the displacement sensor are fused by the multi-information fusion algorithm based on the federated filter, so as to obtain the accurate position and attitude information of the roadheader robot. The simulation and industrial experiment results show that the combined positioning method can well suppress the accumulative position solution errors of pure inertial navigation and realize the precise positioning of the shield roadheader robot in coal mines. The position errors in the x-axis and y-axis directions are controlled at ±0.03 m and ±0.02 m respectively, which meets the requirements of the underground driving face.

High-oleic acid peanut oil (HOPO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been reported previously to have an attenuating effect on metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic effect of HOPO and EVOO supplementation in attenuating MS and the role of gut microbiota in regulating the metabolic profile. Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously fed with a normal diet, high-fructose and high-fat (HFHF) diet, HFHF diet containing HOPO, or a HFHF diet containing EVOO for 12 weeks. The metabolomics profiles of feces and serum samples were compared using untargeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify the potential fecal and serum biomarkers from different groups. Correlation between gut microbiota and biomarkers was assessed, and pathway analysis of serum biomarkers was conducted. Differences in metabolic patterns in feces and serum were observed among different groups. There were 8 and 12 potential biomarkers in feces and 15 and 6 potential biomarkers in serum of HOPO group and EVOO group, respectively, suggesting that HOPO and EVOO supplementation mainly altered amino acids, peptides, and their analogs in feces and serum. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis pathway was identified as a major pathway regulated by HOPO or EVOO. This study suggests that HOPO and EVOO supplementation ameliorate diet-induced MS, mainly via modulation of the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway.

Ionic liquids are considered to have promising applications in the extraction and separation in nuclear fuel reprocessing processes. Conventional extractants exhibit superior extractive performance in ionic liquids than in conventional solvent systems, thus the role of ionic liquids themselves is worth investigating. This paper reviews the interactions between metal ions/complexes and the cations/anions of ionic liquids in the extraction and separation of lanthanides and actinides studied by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations.

Numerical simulations of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on an elastic foil heaving with constant amplitude in freestream flow are carried out at a low Reynolds number of 20,000. The commercial software STAR-CCM+ is employed to solve the flow field and the large-scale passive deformation of the structure. The results show that introducing a certain degree of flexibility significantly improves the thrust and efficiency of the foil. For each Strouhal number St considered, an optimal flexibility exists for thrust; however, the propulsive efficiency keeps increasing with the increase in flexibility. The visualisation of the vorticity fields elucidates the improvement of the propulsive characteristics by flexibility. Furthermore, the mechanism of thrust generation is discussed by comparing the time-varying thrust coefficient and vortex structure in the wake for both rigid and elastic foils. Finally, in addition to sinusoidal motions, we also consider the effect of non-sinusoidal trajectories defined by flattening parameter S on the propulsive characteristics for both rigid and elastic foils. The non-sinusoidal trajectories defined by S=2 are associated with the maximum thrust, and the highest values of propulsive efficiency are obtained with S=0.5 among the cases considered in this work.

Leptin and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) play an important role in regulating blood lipid concentration. Recently, they have been found to show the ability to independently regulate the immune response. Vascular immune response has an important pathological function in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and thrombosis. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between leptin, PCSK9, and vascular endothelial cell related inflammatory factors. First, detailed clinical information were collected and analyzed for 27 patients with stable CHD and corresponding 27 healthy controls. Second, using liquid-phase protein chip technology, leptin, PCSK9, and vascular-related inflammatory factors, such as E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were detected on the same platform. Finally, the correlation between leptin, PCSK9, and the inflammatory factors was analyzed. Through collecting clinical information of patients, it was suggested that there was a significant positive correlation between leptin and blood lipid level in CHD. Compared with healthy people, the levels of leptin, PCSK9, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 were significantly high in patients with CHD. There was a high positive correlation between leptin and E-selectin, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, and IL-17. Also, a high positive correlation between PCSK9 and E-selectin, IFN-γ, and IL-17 concentrations was observed. In general, leptin and PCSK9 may not only be able to regulate lipid metabolism, but may also be able to regulate inflammation in CHD.