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IntroductionPlanetary-face gears combine the advantages of both planetary and face gears, offering potential value for wind power applications. During the gear meshing process, a large amount of heat is generated, and tooth wear also occurs, which affects transmission performance.MethodsAnalyzing multiple factors such as lubrication performance and thermal effects of meshing pairs plays a crucial role in improving the overall lifespan of transmission systems. This study developed a nonlinear dynamic model of a wind power planetary-face gear system, considering factors like random wind load, tooth surface friction, temperature rise, tooth side clearance, and elastic lubrication. Nonlinear methods such as bifurcation diagram, maximum Lyapunov exponent diagram, and time-frequency diagram were used to analyze the effects of wind turbine radius, average wind load, temperature rise, and lubricant viscosity on the dynamic response of the gear transmission system under random wind loads.ResultsThe results show that selecting an appropriate wind turbine radius for different wind loads is essential to enhance system stability. Higher lubricant viscosity can suppress chaotic phenomena in gear systems. For a well lubricated gear system, tooth surface temperature rise is a key factor affecting the dynamic characteristics of the system.DiscussionThis article aims to provide valuable insights into improving the operational stability of the wind turbine planetary gear system.

Dynamic behavior of planetary gear’s tooth contact surface in the different location can better conform operation condition comparing to the general gear pair. Nonlinear finite element algorithm was derived according to the basic control equation of contact dynamics. A finite element model of planetary gear transmission in wind power increasing gearbox was proposed considering different meshing locations based on nonlinear finite element solution. The characteristics of stress distribution at different meshing positions were analyzed. A simulation of the meshing process was conducted using finite element analysis. It was shown that node stresses of external meshing planetary gear varied significantly at different position. The analysis provides some useful insights into the performance of planetary gear’s tooth contact surface.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Isalo scorpion cytotoxic peptide (IsCT) on the growth performance, immune function, and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. Methods: The experiment involved supplementing a corn-soybean meal-based diet with various dietary levels of IsCT. The experiment adopted a completely randomized design. A total of 240 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (CON), a chlortetracycline group (CTC), and four groups receiving a basal diet with 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg/ kg IsCT (IsCT50, IsCT100, IsCT150, and IsCT200). The trial period lasted 60 days. Results: The results showed that the average final body weight and average daily weight gain of the IsCT150 and IsCT200 groups were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CTC group, the average daily feed intake in group III was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratios of the IsCT150 and IsCT200 groups were significantly lower than those of the IsCT50 and CON groups (p < 0.05). Albumin levels in the CTC and IsCT150 groups were significantly higher than those in the CON, IsCT100, and IsCT50 groups. Alanine transaminase levels in the IsCT150 group were significantly lower than those in the IsCT50, IsCT200, CON, and CTC groups (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with the IsCT100 group (p < 0.05). IgA levels in the IsCT150, IsCT200, and CTC groups were significantly higher than those in the IsCT50 group (p < 0.05). IgG levels in the CTC, IsCT100, IsCT150, and IsCT200 groups were significantly higher than those in the IsCT50 and CON groups (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing indicated significant differences in the caecal microbiota between the IsCT and CON groups (p < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes increased, whereas that of Firmicutes decreased in the IsCT groups; however, the difference was not significant (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Actinobacteriota and Patescibacteria were significantly different in the IsCT100 group (p < 0.05). Discussion: In conclusion, supplementing the basal diet with IsCT improved growth performance, immune function, and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers at an optimal supplementation level of 150 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]