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Superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity are extreme properties of solid surface governed by surface morphology and surface chemistry. Switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can be achieved by applying external stimuli and exchanging counterions due to the change in surface morphology and/or surface chemistry. This review mainly gives a concise overview of switchable wettability of surface. Through applying external stimuli such as light, temperature, pH value, solvent, electric potential and exchanging of counterions, the wettability of surface can switch between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. The material with asymmetric wettability exhibits some novel abilities such as directional liquid transport. Finally, the advances of surface with switchable wettability are prospected. By controlling the micro-nano structure and chemical composition, the switch between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can be realized on various surfaces.

In view of problem that nonlinear and impact load inject plenty of reactive power and harmonic wave into coal mine power grid, the paper researched chain circuit STATCOM based on CPS-SPWM modulation. It introduced main circuit structure of chain circuit STATCOM; for two modulations of unipolar CPS-SPWM and bipolar CPS-SPWM in chain circuit STATCOM, it used Matlab to analyze differences between unipolar CPS-SPWM modulation and bipolar CPS-SPWM modulation based on H-bridge basic module and cascade H-bridge, the simulation result showed that waveform quality of unipolar CPS-SPWM modulation is superior to one of bipolar CPS-SPWM modulation, so chain circuit STATCOM should select unipolar CPS-SPWM modulation; it used Matlab/Simulink platform to make simulation for chain circuit STATCOM based on unipolar CPS-SPWM modulation under different modulation ratios, the simulation result showed that the chain circuit STATCOM has characteristics of good output waveform, low harmonics and strong expandability.

The behaviour of photoexcited electrons in light-responsive coordination polymers (CPs) significantly determines their performance in fluorescence sensing, smart materials, photoelectric display and photocatalysis, and this behaviour can be skilfully manipulated by optimizing the geometric and electronic structures of the ligand field around the metal ion. To reveal the micro-environmental effect of the ligand field on the bandgap and photoexcited electrons, three semiconductive Cd(II)-based CPs have been achieved through coordination of π-conjugated 2,6-bis(2-pyrazin-2-yl)-4-(4-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)pyridine (HL) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with Cd(II) ion. Possessing N3O4 and O6 donors, complex 1 assumed an extended triple-decker sandwich structure with a central {Cd2(BTC)} sheet terminated up and down by planar L− spacers. Two quadrangular {Cd2(L)2} dimers with N4O3 and N4O2 donors were propagated by doubly deprotonated HBTC2− connectors to the cationic (4 4) layer of 2. The reproducible {Cd2(L)2} dimers with only N4O3 donors in 3 were extended by mirror-symmetric HBTC2− linkers to a bent chain. The distinct donor combinations in the local ligand fields of Cd(II) ions dominated the bandgaps and movements of the charge-carriers. Emitting intense steel blue fluorescence, complex 1 served as a highly efficient bilirubin probe with a quenching constant up to 9.48 × 104 M−1 driven by photo-induced electron charge and Förster resonance energy transfer. In contrast, complex 2, with excellent separation efficiency of charge carriers, acted as a photocatalyst to completely degrade methylene blue up to 97% within 90 minutes of UV irradiation. Apparently, slight modifications of the surroundings of the ligand field by a heterodonor strategy achieved a remarkable effect on the photophysical properties of the semiconductive CPs, providing valuable hints for the construction of photosensitive CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have found two new species—Stropharia subrugosoannulata and Stropharia microaeruginosa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), suggest that the two new species are distinct and monophyletic. S. subrugosoannulata is distinguished from other species of the genus Stropharia by the pileus covered with greyish-orange squamules in the centre, stipe light brown and surface covered with white triangular squamules. S. microaeruginosa differs from other species in its pileus bluish-grey when young becoming lighter towards margins, later greyish-turquoise lightens towards the edges and surface radially striate when young, lamellae adnate to subdecurrent, stipe with white squamules at the base, acanthocytes absent. The new record species from Jilin Province, Clitolyophyllum umbilicatum was also confirmed, based on morphological and molecular study. Here, we have given full descriptions of each species, colour images, illustrations and two phylogenetic trees that show the placement and relationship of the two new species and the new record are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]