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Due to the lack of research on prediction technology for atmospheric diffusion of nuclear pollution in China, this study used the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to perform numerical prediction tests of nuclear pollution. Analyzing the European tracer test and conducting simulation prediction tests under a virtual accident scenario led to the following conclusions: The HYSPLIT model exhibited a minimum absolute error of approximately 0.2° in simulating trajectories within the first hour. The model can effectively predict the diffusion trajectory of nuclear pollution. The trajectory simulation error primarily arises from variations in wind direction and wind speed. Additionally, the initial state error progressively amplifies the trajectory simulation error with an increase in forecast lead time. For a single trajectory simulation, the model simulation trajectory will have deviation; however, within a certain time range, the trajectory simulation can well reflect the overall distribution characteristics of the tracer in the spatial range after release. Using the atmospheric diffusion model HYSPLIT and the regional high-resolution model WRF (weather research and forecasting), a numerical prediction of regional nuclear pollution can be realized. The model can predict the dispersion path and concentration distribution of nuclear leakage substances in the accident area.

Oil bodies (OB) are subcellular organelles that store lipids in plant seeds, which are composed of neutral triacylglycerol (TAG), a monolayer of polar phospholipids surrounding TAG, and proteins embedded in the phospholipid membrane. The composition and unique structure of OB make it have good oxidation stability. OB can be extracted by water extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction. As a natural pre-emulsified oil-in-water emulsion, OB emulsions have been gradually used to replace synthetic oil droplets and are promising for broad applications in the fields of food, medicine and animal husbandry. Therefore, it is of practical significance to explore the effects of OB composition and structure as well as environmental factors on the oxidation stability of OB emulsions. In this paper, the composition, structure and extraction process of OB, the oxidation stability of OB emulsions and future prospects for its application in the food field are reviewed, which can provide a reference for the development and utilization of OB.

According to the cross-distribution of four control points of the minimum zone circle, the four-point conditions that two control points on the circumscribed circle and two control points on the inscribed circle meet are proposed. Based on these conditions, a two-point method is proposed, which is suitable not only for the determination of two control points on the circumscribed circle but also for the determination of two control points on the inscribed circle. In the iterative process, redundant data points can be simply determined by using dichotomy in order to improve computational efficiency. Several examples have been carried out to validate the validity of the algorithm proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Background The role of heparin in sepsis therapy has been widely debated. The controversy surrounding heparin's use as an anticoagulant in sepsis may stem from differences in sepsis definitions, study designs, timing and dosage of drug administration, treatment duration, complications, and patient severity. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal timing and dosage of heparin in patients with sepsis, identify specific subgroups that could benefit from heparin therapy, and explore laboratory markers to assess its efficacy. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV dataset. Data from patients with sepsis were extracted based on the Sepsis 3.0 criteria. Patients were categorized according to heparin use. The effectiveness of early and appropriate heparin administration was assessed, and a subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients most likely to benefit from heparin therapy. Additionally, factors mediating the improvement in sepsis prognosis following heparin treatment were analyzed. Results We recruited 4149 participants who met the inclusion criteria, with an overall 28-day mortality rate of 19.5%. There were 2192 individuals in the heparin group and 1957 in the non-heparin group. After propensity score matching, heparin therapy demonstrated a significantly greater effect on reducing both 28-day and 90-day mortality compared to the non-heparin treatment (18.1% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001; 18.8% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001). However, the heparin group had a higher incidence of major bleeding (10.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.001), increased use of mechanical ventilation (54.3% vs. 45.1%, p < 0.001), and a longer intensive care unit stay (3.6 vs. 2.5 days, p < 0.001) compared to the non-heparin group. Early administration of high-dose heparin improved 28-day survival. Early and adequate heparin administration was more effective than late and insufficient dosing (p < 0.01), except in patients with sepsis who had low white blood cell counts, alkalosis, or reduced platelet counts. The increase in platelet count had a significant mediating effect on the entire cohort (p < 0.001 for the causal mediation effect), with a mediation proportion of 14%. Conclusion Early and adequate heparin administration can significantly improve the prognosis of sepsis. An increase in platelet count may serve as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of heparin therapy in sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The high mortality rate associated with the critical stages of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) does not have effective treatment. We aimed to evaluate the 28-day mortality and potential impact of glucocorticoid therapy in these patients. Patients and Methods: This retrospective observational study included participants from the intensive care unit between July 2019 and April 2023. The participants were categorized into glucocorticoid (GC) and non-GC groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to ensure comparability between groups. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine mortality risk associated with GC use, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses for overall survival, stratified Cox proportional hazard models for subgroup analyses, and likelihood ratio tests to examine interactions between subgroups. Results: Of 218 patients with SFTS (median age, 71 years; male, 49.1%), 61.9% required mechanical ventilation, 58.3% received GC treatment, and the 28-day mortality rate was 61.5%. After PSM, there were 58 patients in each group; post-PSM analysis revealed improved 28-day mortality rates with GC treatment, particularly for patients with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score < 13 (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI] for GCS score: 9– 12: 0.39, 0.17– 0.88, p=0.024 and for GCS score: 3– 8: 0.09, 0.02– 0.35, p=0.001); lactate levels > 2 mmol/L (0.35, 0.15– 0.83, p=0.017); and norepinephrine usage (0.26, 0.13– 0.49, p< 0.001). Combining antiviral (0.41, 0.22– 0.78, p=0.006) or immunoglobulin therapy (0.22, 0.1– 0.51, p< 0.001) with GC treatment significantly decreased the 28-day mortality rates, compared with GC monotherapy. Conclusion: Using GCs reduced the high 28-day mortality rate in the patients, especially with low GCS score, high lactate levels, norepinephrine intake, and on antiviral or immunoglobulin therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of ERA5 reanalysis datasets and their applicability in the coastal area of Bohai Bay are crucial for weather forecasting and environmental protection research. However, synthesis evaluation of ERA5 in this region remains lacking. In this study, using a tropospheric wind profile radar (CFL-06L) placed in coastal Huanghua city, the deviations of ERA5 reanalysis data are assessed from the ground to an altitude of 5 km. The results indicate that the wind speed of ERA5 reanalysis data exhibits good consistency from the surface to the tropospheric level of about 5 km, with R2 values ranging from 0.5 to 0.85. The lowest mean wind speed error, less than 3 m/s, occurs in the middle layer, while larger errors are observed at the surface and upper layers. Specifically, at 150 m, the R2 is as low as 0.5, with numerous outliers around 5000 m. Seasonal analysis shows that the ERA5 wind field performs best in summer and worst in autumn and winter, especially at lower levels affected by circulation systems, high stratus clouds, and aerosols, with errors reaching up to 10 m/s. Further analysis of extreme weather events, such as heavy rain; hot, dry winds; and snowstorms, reveals that the effects of sea-land winds and strong convective systems significantly impact the observation of wind profiles and the assimilation of reanalysis data, particularly under the constrain of boundary layer height. Additionally, we also find that the transition of sea-land breeze is capable of triggering the nighttime low-level jet, thereby downward transporting the aloft ozone to the ground and resulting in an abnormal increase in the surface ozone concentration. The study provides a scientific basis for improving meteorological forecasting, optimizing wind energy resource utilization, and formulating environmental protection policies, highlighting its significant scientific and practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2007, the National Specially Monitored Firms (NSMF) program has been a key instrument in the Chinese government's environmental regulation efforts and a crucial approach for achieving sustainable development in China. There is limited literature examining its effect on green total factor productivity (GTFP). This study investigates the effect of this policy on water-polluting firms' GTFP using pollution discharge data from Chinese industrial firms and employing a time-varying difference-in-differences model. The findings illustrate that (1) the NSMF program significantly enhances the GTFP of water-polluting firms, primarily by promoting technological progress; (2) the NSMF program advances water-polluting firms' GTFP through three channels: alleviating financing constraints, improving human capital, enhancing pollution treatment technologies. This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the NSMF program, offering valuable insights for the formulation of command-and-control environmental regulations and the pursuit of sustainable social development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coastal boundary layer height (CBLH/Coastal‐BLH) is critical in determining the exchange of heat, momentum, and materials between the land and ocean, thereby regulating the local climate and weather change. However, due to the complexity of geographical characteristics and meteorological conditions, accurate estimation of the CBLH remains challenging. Herein, based on continuous high‐resolution measurements of CBL performed from November 2019 to April 2020 in coastal Ningbo city in eastern China, an optimal weighted ensemble model (OWEM) integrating multi‐meteorological variables of the ERA5 reanalysis data sets is constructed and validated to estimate the CBLH. The mean absolute percentage error of the derived CBLH by OWEM is as low as 3%–5%, significantly lower than that of 36%–65% of the ERA5 CBLH products. Furthermore, three categories of different weather scenarios, that is, sunny, cloudy, and rainy, are separately discussed, and OWEM shows greater performance and higher accuracies in comparison with the traditional Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Random Forest, Adaboost, LightGBM, and ensemble model, among which, OWEM under fair weather days behave best, with a robust R2 of 0.97 and a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 23 m. Further training results based on wind flow classification, that is, land breeze, sea breeze, and parallel wind, also indicate the outperformance of OWEM than other models, with a relatively large error in parallel wind of 50 m. Subsequent analysis of the Shapley Additive Explanations method strongly correlated with model feature importance, both reveal that thermodynamic factors such as temperature (T2m) and wind velocity (10 m U) are the major factors positively related to estimation accuracy during sunny days. Nevertheless, Relative Humidity dominates on rainy and cloudy days, TP on land breeze days, and dynamic variables like 10 m U and 10 m V on entire types of wind flow weather. In conclusion, the accurate estimation of CBLH from OWEM serves as a feasible and innovative approach, providing technical support for marine meteorology and related engineering applications, for example, onshore wind power, coastal ecological protection, etc. Plain Language Summary: The coastal boundary layer height (CBLH) is fast becoming a key parameter in atmosphere‐ocean interaction studies, and machine learning has been thought of as an effective way to accurate estimate it. In this work, we present a new model called optimal weighted ensemble model (OWEM), which integrates several meteorological variables from reanalysis data sets to estimate the CBLH and make a comparison with the ERA5 BLH under different weather conditions. We also analyze the feature importance that affects estimation accuracy using the Shapley Additive Explanations method and identify several variables as essential factors, to better understand the applicability and characterization of the OWEM for sunny, cloudy, rainy, and different wind flow days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, national borders frequently encounter the risk and threat of unidentified airspace objects such as airborne balloons; however, there is a lack of effective methods for predicting their trajectories. To address this gap, we examine the utilization of a Lagrangian diffusion model named FLEXPART for forecasting the movement of airborne balloons. The simulation results show that when taking into account the radius of the airborne balloon, there is a potential increase of up to 1.07 km and 1.45 km in the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively, in the horizontal direction. Similarly, considering the density of the airborne balloon can also result in an increase of 3.46 km (MAE) and 4.71 km (RMSE) horizontally. Therefore, simplifying them into mass points enables FLEXPART to predict their trajectories with higher accuracy. On this basis, we simulate and comparatively analyze the forward and backward trajectories of an airborne balloon observed in China in 2019 using the FLEXPART model. The results demonstrate that within 11 h, FLEXPART predicts the horizontal trajectory of the balloon, with both RMSE and MAE falling within 50 km. Moreover, when it comes to the vertical direction bias within the 11 h prediction, RMSE and MAE are both below 500 m. Furthermore, trajectory bias gradually diminishes as the forecast time increases. The combination of the sensitivity tests and the results of the actual balloon trajectory simulation confirm that the FLEXPART model is capable of predicting the airborne balloon trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) poses a high mortality risk, yet its exact impact remains contentious. This study investigates DIC's association with mortality in individuals with sepsis, emphasizing multiple organ function. Using data from the Peking University People's Hospital Investigation on Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy database, we categorized patients into DIC and non-DIC groups based on DIC scores within 24 h of ICU admission (< 5 cutoff). ICU mortality was the main outcome. Initial data comparison preceded logistic regression analysis of mortality factors post-propensity score matching (PSM). Employing mediation analysis estimated direct and indirect associations. Of 549 participants, 131 were in the DIC group, with the remaining 418 in the non-DIC group. Following baseline characteristic presentation, PSM was conducted, revealing significantly higher nonplatelet sequential organ failure assessment (nonplt-SOFA) scores (6.3 ± 2.7 vs 5.0 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality rates (47.3% vs 29.5%, P = 0.003) in the DIC group. A significant correlation between DIC and in-hospital mortality persisted (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.29–3.59, P = 0.003), with nonplt-SOFA scores (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28, P = 0.004) and hemorrhage (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.08-5.03, P = 0.032) as predictors. The overall effect size was 0.1786 (95% CI 0.0542-0.2886), comprising a direct effect size of 0.1423 (95% CI 0.0153-0.2551) and an indirect effect size of 0.0363 (95% CI 0.0034-0.0739), with approximately 20.3% of effects mediated. These findings underscore DIC's association with increased mortality risk in patients with sepsis, urging anticoagulation focus over bleeding management, with organ dysfunction assessment recommended for anticoagulant treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]