Search

【Objective】With the continuous emergence of information-based bandwidth-consuming services such as 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, people’s demand for high-speed information transmission has increased dramatically. However, due to the inherent nonlinear effects, the transmission capacity of single-mode optical fiber has approached the Shannon limit, and it will no longer be able to meet people’s needs for ultra-high-speed and large-capacity transmission. Solving the transmission capacity problem has become a top priority. In order to solve the needs of large-capacity communication systems and long-distance high-speed transmission problems, we have built a two-mode single-channel C-band Few Mode Fiber (FMF) transmission system.【Methods】At the transmitting end, an arbitrary waveform generator is used to convert the digital signal into an electrical signal and drive the In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) modulator to modulate the optical carrier. The modulated signal is transmitted simultaneously using two multiplexing technologies: Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM). In order to achieve long-distance transmission of dual-mode signals of 1 000 km, we construct a dual-circulation loop system. Each time the signal passes through the loop, it will pass through a 50 km FMF. After being transmitted to the target distance, the coupler outputs the signal to the demultiplexing module, and the coherent optical receiver performs homodyne detection on the demultiplexed modulated signal. Finally, the transmitted signal is stored in an oscilloscope for offline Digital Signal Processing (DSP). The signal is sequentially subjected to frequency domain dispersion compensation, downsampling, clock recovery, and least mean square algorithm to restore the original signal.【Results】It was found that within the range of Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) of each channel in the experiment, the Bit Error Rate (BER) under low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is close to the theoretical channel result. Under high SNR condition, the BER is 1×10-2, which is 2.5 dB away from the theoretical value. We test the BER of LP11a and LP11b modes at Back-To-Back (BTB) and 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 km transmission cases respectively. The BER at all distances are lower than the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) soft decision threshold with 28% redundancy (5.2×10-2 Soft Decision - Forward Error Correction (SD-FEC)). The BER after 1 000 km transmission in the two modes are 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 respectively, and the total net transmission rate is 400 Gbit/s.【Conclusion】This article demonstrates the transmission of a 32 Gbaud MDM-PDM-16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) C-band signal in a 1 000 km two-mode single-channel FMF system. At the receiving end, the advanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)-DSP algorithm is used for channel equalization, and the obtained two-mode BER of 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 are both lower than the LDPC SD-FEC threshold with 28% redundancy. The result reachs a domestic record of 400 Gbit/s net transmission rate based on FMF transmission, and highlight the potential of FMF in large-capacity long-distance transmission.

The pore structure has a significant impact on the capability of coal seams to adsorb methane. But there is currently limited research on the features of adsorption pore structure in high-rank coal and its influence on methane adsorption capability. Taking the high-rank coal samples from Nuodong Coal Mine of Guizhou Xing'an Coal Industry Co., Ltd. as the research object, low-temperature N2 adsorption and low-temperature CO2 adsorption experiments are conducted. Combined with fractal theory, this paper studies the pore structure features of high-rank coal adsorption pores. Through high-pressure isothermal methane adsorption experiments, the influence of coal reservoir properties, pore structure features, and fractal dimension on methane adsorption capability is analyzed. The results show the following points. ① The pore morphology of high-rank coal reservoirs is relatively simple, mostly consisting of parallel plate pores and narrow slit pores with open ends. Micro pores dominate the pore structure of coal, with pore volume and pore specific surface area accounting for more than 98%, providing space for gas enrichment. ② The method calculates the comprehensive fractal dimension of high-rank coal pores based on the proportion of pore volume in different aperture segments, with micropore fractal dimension dominating the comprehensive fractal dimension. The pore structure of coal samples has obvious fractal features and strong heterogeneity of pores. ③ The Langmuir model can describe the adsorption behavior of high-rank coal. The physical properties, pore structure, and fractal dimension of coal reservoirs have a significant impact on methane adsorption capability. Langmuir volume is linearly positively correlated with maximum vitrinite reflectance, vitrinite content, ash content, and moisture content. It is linearly negatively correlated with inertinite content. The Langmuir volume is linearly positively correlated with the pore specific surface area and pore volume of the adsorption pores. The Langmuir volume is weakly linearly correlated with the fractal dimension. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the exploration and development of high-rank coalbed methane and the prevention and control of coal mine methane disasters in southwestern Guizhou.

Polymer solid electrolytes have advantages such as high safety， large flexibility， rich variety and low price， laying the foundation for the industrialization of high energy density lithium metal batteries. However， due to the limitations of interface and other problems， the electrochemical performance of polymer solid electrolytes is still poor. In recent years， the in-situ technology has received more and more attention in the field of electrolyte research and development. In-situ technology represented by in-situ polymerization and in-situ characterization has greatly promoted the research of polymer solid electrolytes. In-situ polymerization improves the electrochemical performance of batteries by optimizing electrode and electrolyte interface， and in-situ characterization can explore the electrochemical mechanism inside battery without damage. The historical development of polymer solid electrolytes and in-situ technology was reviewed in this paper. The development and application of in-situ polymerization in various types of polymer solid electrolytes in recent years were discussed， as well as the use of in-situ characterization in in-situ polymer electrolyte preparation. The in-situ technology has great application prospects in the preparation and the characterization of polymer solid electrolytes was pointed out. Simultaneously， several recommendations about focusing on mechanism research，developing new initiation conditions and reaction are proposed to address the problem of the difficulty in controlling the degree of polymerization and the lack of design of matrix structure in in-situ polymerization.

Abstract Background Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops and a wildly cultivated horticultural crop. The petals of B. napus serve to protect the reproductive organs and attract pollinators and tourists. Understanding the genetic basis of petal morphology regulation is necessary for B. napus breeding. Results In the present study, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for six B. napus petal morphology parameters in a double haploid (DH) population was conducted across six microenvironments. A total of 243 QTLs and five QTL hotspots were observed, including 232 novel QTLs and three novel QTL hotspots. The spatiotemporal transcriptomic analysis of the diversiform petals was also conducted, which indicated that the expression of plant hormone metabolic and cytoskeletal binding protein genes was variant among diversiform petals. Conclusions The integration of QTL and RNA-seq analysis revealed that plant hormones (including cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin) and cytoskeleton were key regulators of the petal morphology. Subsequently, 61 high-confidence candidate genes of petal morphology regulation were identified, including Bn.SAUR10, Bn.ARF18, Bn.KIR1, Bn.NGA2, Bn.PRF1, and Bn.VLN4. The current study provided novel QTLs and candidate genes for further breeding B. napus varieties with diversiform petals.

Effectively tapping into the response potential of load-side resources is one of the effective means to enhance the control capabilities of load resources. To efficiently perceive the response potential of loads， a method for assessing the response potential of load-side resources is proposed based on SWARA （step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis）， CRITIC （criteria importance through intercriteria correlation）， and MARCOS （measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution）. Firstly， a multidimensional set of impact factor indicators for load response potential is constructed based on factors from the load， economic， social， and system perspectives. Fuzzy number theory is then employed to assess the weights of these indicators and the response potential of the load. Subsequently， the comprehensive weights of various indicators are calculated by combining SWARA and CRITIC. Utilizing MARCOS， the utility function values of load response potential for each type of load are determined based on the integrated indicator weights， resulting in a ranking of load response potential. Lastly， the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a case study using part of the dispatchable user loads in Shanghai.

【Objective】This paper studies numerical characteristics and characteristic matrix of attenuation spectrum of G.652.D single-mode optical fibres, and considers the attenuation factor to optimize the mathematical expression of optical fibre attenuation spectrum model. The study aims to improve the digital modeling ability of optical fibre attenuation spectrum for research and manufacturing of optical fibre and development of optical system.【Methods】ITU-T G.650.1(2020) provides an example matrix for use in the "spectral attenuation modelling" method to calculate attenuation spectrum of G.652.D single-mode optical fibres. This paper analyzes and demonstrates that the spectral attenuation model method could approximately obtain optical fibre attenuation spectrum with low error by characteristic matrix corresponds to four wavelengths. An optimized attenuation spectrum characteristic matrix is given by considering sources of attenuation, and the effect of the new matrix is verified with attenuation spectrum test data of 1000 fibre samples.【Results】Main research results of this paper include: (1) When there is a good correspondence between the wavelengths corresponding to the fibre attenuation spectrum characteristic matrix and main attenuation sources of G.652.D fibre, the spectral attenuation model method is able to approximate the fibre attenuation spectrum with small errors; (2) An attenuation spectrum characteristic matrix of G.652.D single mode fibre is calculated based on attenuation sources of the fibre, and this matrix is able to reflect mechanism of fibre attenuation better, compared to the characteristic matrix calculated solely from data; (3) Verification with test data of optical fibre samples shows that the new matrix could calculate the attenuation spectrum of optical fibre samples with comparable small errors.【Conclusion】This paper studies and concludes that the reason why the spectral attenuation model method is able to approximate the optical fibre attenuation spectrum is that the corresponding wavelengths of the characteristic matrix has a good correspondence with main attenuation sources of the optical fibre. Combining with the attenuation sources, optimized characteristic matrix can be calculated. The new matrix could reflect the mechanism of the optical fibre attenuation and also effectively calculate the attenuation spectrum of the optical fibre samples with small errors.

This study introduces a novel methodology that utilizes stepwise regression-elimination to establish an unconstrained melting correlation for phase change materials (PCMs) encapsulated within hot water tanks. This approach progressively eliminates the impact of influencing parameters, enabling the development of correlations without presupposing its specific form. Moreover, it remains robust even when the total melting time exhibits a nonlinear relationship with influencing parameters under logarithmic conditions. To validate the methodology, a detailed exploration was conducted for PCMs encapsulated in cylindrical latent heat storage units (LHSUs) within hot water tanks. Initially, a comprehensive analysis was performed to understand the relationship between various influencing parameters and the total melting time. Subsequently, correlations were established for the liquid fraction and total melting time, respectively. The findings revealed that the total melting time does not always exhibit a linear correlation with influencing factors under logarithmic conditions. The established correlations successfully captured the relationships between influencing parameters and the liquid fraction or total melting time. When comparing the numerical results of the correlation, the errors for the liquid fraction ranged from −15 % to +15 %. Furthermore, the absolute error for the total melting time was below 4.83 %, demonstrating the high accuracy of the proposed method.

Immobilized microorganism technology has been widely used in the field of heavy metal wastewater treatment due to its advantages of high treatment efficiency and low input cost. However，the related mechanism of heavy metal removal is still unclear. In this paper，a strain of acid-resistant Aspergillus sp. MF1 screened from acid mine drainage was used as the research object for immobilization treatment. Subcellular separation technology and five-step extraction method were used to preliminarily reveal the mechanism of Pb2+ removal from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 through SEM and FTIR characterization. The results showed that under the condition of pH 3.5 and initial Pb2+ mass concentration 10 mg/L，the removal rate of Pb2+ could reach 78.26%. The removal mechanism of Pb2+ from immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be summarized into two aspects. On the one hand，it was attributed to high specific surface area of carrier and adsorption of Pb2+ by surface active groups of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. On the other hand，it was attributed the chelation，adsorption and ion exchange from cell wall，and the compartmentalization of vacuole and other organelles. In addition，immobilized Aspergillus sp. MF1 could be used continuously for 5 cycles，and the removal rate of Pb2+ could reach more than 30%，and no rupture or cell leakage occurred during the removal process.

A topology optimization approach is proposed to design lightweight and high-strength porous infill structures for additive manufacturing. The maximum stress approximated by the p-norm function is minimized to enhance the structural strength. A local volume constraint is utilized to generate porous infill pattern. A continuation strategy on the upper bound of the local volume fraction is proposed to improve the stability of the optimization process and avoid the sharp rising of stress. An overhang constraint is utilized to make sure that the optimized infill structures are self-supporting and can support the given shell. Besides, two-field-based topology optimization formulations are used to ensure that the optimized infill structures satisfy the minimum length scale for additive manufacturing. The numerical results show that the optimized infill structures can significantly improve the structural strength compared with the optimized design of compliance minimization problem at the same weight. A compliance constraint is further imposed in the optimization model and the relation between stiffness and strength of the infill structures is also discussed.

Granite, a principal component of continental crust, emerges at the Earth's surface through crustal movements, creating diverse landforms. The Queshi region, comparable to Huangshan in its granite hilly landscape, stands as a representative granite landform in China, yet its origin remains incompletely studied. This investigation utilizes surface landscape and cave analyses to elucidate the characteristics and determining factors of granite landforms in the Queshi region, to comprehend the formation mechanisms of these unique landforms. In the surface investigation, field surveys and aerial photography, employing a DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone, were utilized to measure the morphology and dimensions of exposed rock egg sizes on cliff faces and joint spacing. The survey results facilitated an overall classification of surficial landscapes, encompassing the proportion of rock egg sizes on the mountain and the spacing between the vertical and horizontal joints. To assess mountain development concerning stone eggs, cave orientation and elevation were determined using a rangefinder and GPS measurements, while different contact relationships between stone eggs were investigated. By amalgamating domestic and international granite development theories with field investigation results, this study delves into the geological structure of the surrounding areas, the characteristics of granite landforms, and the factors governing the landform formation of granite geomorphology in the Queshi area. The findings indicate that 1) rocks in the Queshi scenic area have evolved into various rock eggs through subsequent weathering processes, manifesting as grotesque formations resembling humans, genies, or animals, and 2) granite mountain bodies in the Queshi region can be categorized into three types: rock egg mountains, peak forest mountains, and steamed bun mountains. Stone egg mountains exhibit a unique form with round, large stone eggs stacked atop each other, peak forest mountains comprise elongated rock eggs or blocks due to narrowly spaced vertical joints, while steamed bun mountains lack obvious joints and fractures, presenting gently rounded mountain shapes. Furthermore, 3) granite caves in the Queshi scenic area are classified into four categories based on different formation processes: core stone caves, collapsed caves/rock egg caves, fissure caves, and niches. Core stone caves form when weathered material in the gaps between stone cores is carried away by flowing water without causing any movement of the core stones. Fissure caves, relatively rare and small in scale in the Queshi scenic area, are formed along large fractures created by bedrock breaks. Niches are concave grooves formed at the base of rock bodies or rock eggs, buried by rock debris or soil, storing more rainwater than bare rock surfaces and enhancing chemical weathering. After external runoff removed the debris, the rock base became exposed and formed concave grooves. Finally, 4) the weathering crusts of the Queshi region formed before the subsidence of the Rongjiang fault, during which the Queshi Mountains experienced relative uplift. Consequently, the weathering crusts continued to weather, forming the present granite landforms. Weathering occurs through the rock joints of the parent rock of the weathered crusts, with the degree of damage to the rock determined by joint density. The greater the joint density, the more extensive the damage; conversely, the smaller the joint density, the less the damage. Therefore, mountain morphological differences in the Queshi region are primarily caused by variations in joint spacing rather than climate or rock-type influences.

Based on the volume of fluid multiphase flow model and the overset mesh technique, a numerical method for an asynchronous parallel oblique water-entry super-cavitating projectile was established. Experimental studies of the oblique water-entry of a high-speed single-launch projectile were carried out to validate the viability of the numerical method. The paper performed the numerical simulations and analyses of cavity evolution and motion characteristics of the front and rear projectiles in different initial intervals and in two sequences of top-side water-entry projectile first and bottom-side water-entry projectile first. The results show that when the initial interval of the first launch projectile is 0.5 time the projectile length, the first launch projectile cannot produce a cavity to completely encapsulate the projectile due to the violent squeezing of the following launch projectile cavity, and its movement is seriously affected and eventually loses its trajectory stability. At the same time, the first launch projectile that enters water from top side is squeezed to a larger degree than the one from bottom side, and the wetting phenomenon occurs earlier and loses stability faster. As the initial interval increases, the influence of the following launch projectile cavity near the first launch projectile is weakened, and the first launch projectile in both water entry sequences move steadily. For the following launch projectile, due to the continuous influence of the first launch projectile cavity, its cavity is always asymmetrical, and its motion stability is affected. The following launch projectile deflects to the inner side and destabilizes when the initial interval is 0.5 times the projectile length. When the initial interval is 1 time the projectile length, it moves steadily. It deflects to the outer side and destabilizes when the initial interval is 2 and 3 times the projectile length. In addition, the motion characteristics of the following launch projectile are basically identical in two water-entry sequences.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden and pial collaterals in acute strokes caused by intracranial large artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy in the anterior circulation, focusing on stroke subtypes. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy between December 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively screened. The Fazekas scale assessed WMH burden. Pial collaterals were categorized as either poor (0–2) or good (3–4) based on the Higashida score. A multivariable analysis was used to determine the relationship between WMH burden and pial collaterals. Subgroup analyses delved into associations stratified by stroke subtypes, namely cardioembolism (CE), tandem lesions (TLs), and intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS). Results Of the 573 patients included, 274 (47.8%) demonstrated poor pial collaterals. Multivariable regression indicated a strong association between extensive WMH burden (Fazekas score of 3–6) and poor collaterals [adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.70–5.46, P

The detection of pavement diseases is an important and basic link in the road maintenance process. Many methods based on deep learning have been applied. However, these methods are not accurate enough and cannot accurately identify defects in complex background with shadow occlusion and uneven lighting brightness. In order to overcome the shortcomings of previous detection methods, a complex background defect detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv7 is proposed. First, the K-means++ clustering algorithm is used for initial anchor box setting to obtain better anchor box parameters; then, the group spatial pyramid pooling module SPPCSPC_G is introduced to replace the original SPPCSPC module to improve the fusion speed of image features and thereby improve the detection accuracy; Finally, the GELU activation function is used as the activation function of the REPConv convolution module in the YOLOv7 model, which effectively reduces model overfitting and thereby improves model detection accuracy. The test results show that the average accuracy of the improved detection algorithm for disease detection increased from 65.4% to 72.3%, an increase of 6.9%, the amount of calculation and parameters decreased by 4% and 14.9% respectively, and the FPS reached 80, an increase of 17%, and no pavement defects are missed or wrongly detected. It is more suitable for real-time detection of defects in complex background. It can be seen that the improved YOLOv7 has better detection effect on complex background defects.

In order to study the effect of Al content on the microstructure properties of FeCoCrNi alloy, AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (0≤x≤0.9) was prepared by multi-channel laser cladding. The phase composition, microstructure, chemical composition and hardness of the alloy were test by X-ray diffractometry, metallography microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe and microhardness tester. The results show that with the increase of Al content, AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy changes from single FCC phase (x≤0.35) to FCC+BCC biphase structure (0.35 < x < 0.85), and finally to BCC structure (x≥0.85). The microstructure of the high entropy alloy consists of epitaxial columnar dendrites and uniform equiaxed dendrites. When Al content reaches to x=0.5, characteristic structure of spinodal decomposition with alternating light and dark contrast starts to appear between the dendrites, which consists of disordered phase A2 and ordered phase B2.The microhardness test results show that the microhardness of AlxCoCrFeNi alloys almost increases with the increasing Al content and a total of 146% improvement has been achieved when the Al content increases from x=0 to x=0.9. It should be noted that cracks begin to appear in the alloy when the Al content increases to a certain value (x≥0.6).The size and density of cracks increase with the increase of Al content.There are two main reasons. Firstly, the hot-cracking increases since the solidification range widen and their viscosity values near the solidification temperatures increase with the increasing Al content.Besides, cold cracking also increases as the brittle BCC and σ phases increase with the increasing Al content.

Abstract The authors investigate new Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery with Mixed Time Windows (VRPSPDMTW) in smart workshops, a variation of the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). A mixed time window vehicle routing model was developed for simultaneous deliveries. This model reduces the cost of AGVs used and distribution cost, along with time window penalties. To address this complex challenge, a Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm using Variable Neighbourhood Search (AGA‐VNS) is proposed. This algorithm enhances the genetic algorithm's local search capabilities while preserving solution diversity, thereby improving both efficiency and quality of solutions. Comprehensive computational experiments are conducted, which include both VRPSPDTW test benchmark and real‐world smart factory instance studies. The outcomes reveal that the AGA‐VNS algorithm outperforms both professional solver software and advanced heuristic methods significantly. Moreover, the newly developed mixed time window model is more aligned with the requirements of real‐world production processes compared to the traditional time window model. Thus, this research not only presents novel insights into the domain of vehicle routing problems but also demonstrates its significant applicability and potential in the background of intelligent workshops.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of free-hand bedside catheterization using axial computed tomography (CT) in patients with brain hemorrhage after ischemic revascularization. Methods: Patients who received revascularization therapy and underwent bedside catheterization were consecutively screened from December 2020 to July 2022. Revascularization included intravenous thrombolysis with or without mechanical thrombectomy, balloon angioplasty, and stenting. The catheter trajectory was designed according to the axial CT along the long axis of the hematoma body and projected onto the scalp at the calculated distance and angle. Urokinase was used locally to drain the hematoma. Results: In 12 patients (mean age 66 ± 8 years), an 86% reduction in hematoma volume was found after catheter drainage, from 48.6 ± 20.4 ml to 6.7 ± 5.7 ml (P＜0.001). In accordance with the reduction of the hematoma volume, the Glasgow Coma Scale improved from 7 (6.5–8) to 10 (7–10.5) (P = 0.031). Four patients (33.3%) achieved good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0–3) at the 180-day follow-up. All-cause mortality was 25%. One patient experienced active hemorrhage. No bacterial brain infections were observed. Conclusions: Free-hand bedside catheterization according to axial CT localization is feasible for treating extensive revascularization-related hematoma after ischemic stroke.

Abstract In contrast to traditional approaches to simulating fresh concrete, the model applied here allows issues such as liquid phase and the motion of sub-scale particles to be considered. The rheological behavior of fresh concrete materials was investigated, and the slump test and pumping process of fresh concrete were simulated by combining the smooth particle hydrodynamics coupled with discrete element method. Based on Bi-viscosity model and Bingham model, linear and nonlinear fitting of rheometer data and the derivation equations were educing. Bi-viscosity model and the Bingham model were compared in slump test. The results show that the Bi-viscosity model is more accurate in simulation, and the error percentage is less than 10%. The Bi-viscosity model was used to simulate and predict the results of slump experiment, and the influence of rheological parameters on the slump velocity and shape was obtained. The simulation analysis model of concrete single-cylinder pumping is established, and the experimental and simulation analysis models are compared. The results show that the SPH-DEM pumping pressure prediction is very close to the experimental results.

In order to solve the problems such as significant frequency fluctuation and slow dynamic response under load disturbance in islanded microgrid which has a diesel generator (DG) as the primary source, an auxiliary frequency regulation method is proposed to improve the dynamic response process of the system. Firstly, the model of diesel generator system is established to analyze the impact on transient state due to main parameters, including inertia and response delay. Secondly, the energy storage system (ESS) with auxiliary frequency regulation based on droop control is proposed, and the engineering parameter and ESS′s power margin design method are given. In addition, a small signal model of the DG-ESS system is established to prove the stability of the system. Finally, the experimental platform of DG-ESS microgrid is built, and the results verify that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the transient frequency fluctuation under the change of static or motor load.

Post-acidification is one of the most important factors affecting the sensory quality, flavor characteristics and stability of yogurt during shelf-life. Non-thermal treatments are novel methods to control post-acidification, which can maintain the original nutritional properties and sensory quality of food to the maximum extent. In this paper, the mechanism of post-acidification of lactic acid bacteria was reviewed. The mechanism and recent research progress of non-heat treatment processes such as ultra-high pressure, ultrasound, pulsed electric field, CO2 treatment, irradiation were analyzed and provided theoretical guidance for the development and industrial application of non-heat acid control technology.

In response to the relatively limited research on health evaluation and prediction of the entire system of mine hoists, a health evaluation index system and comment set for mine hoists have been established. The health evaluation and prediction system for mine hoists has been designed. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the health of mine hoists is proposed to address the issues of insufficient utilization of monitoring data from various components of mine hoists, and the inability of health evaluation results to meet actual production needs. The method introduces relative degradation degree to characterize the health of different types of indicators of the hoist. The method uses health degree to quantify the health of mine hoists. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the health of mine hoists. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is improved by replacing the 1-9 scale with an exponential scale to reduce computational complexity. The method uses CRITIC objective weighting method and combines subjective and objective weights to calculate the comprehensive weights of each subsystem and indicator. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation calculation process and the maximum membership principle, the health evaluation results and fault causes of the mine hoist are obtained. On the basis of the health evaluation results of the mine hoist, the Harris hawks (HHO) algorithm is used to optimize the important parameters of the support vector regression (SVR) model. The HHO-SVR model is constructed to predict the health of the mine hoist, improving the accuracy of the health prediction results. The experimental results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can accurately evaluate the health of the hoist. Compared with particle swarm optimization support vector regression (PSO-SVR), genetic algorithm optimization support vector regression (GA-SVR), and grey wolf algorithm optimization support vector regression (GWO-SVR) models, the prediction results of the HHO-SVR model are closer to the actual values and have better prediction performance.

In all historical periods, cultural traditions of ethnic groups occupied a central place in the educational process. Different types of folklore creativity determined the moral and aesthetic potential of each ethnic group. Today, the modern concept of art pedagogy is largely based on the widespread use of folk art heritage. Our country is a multinational and multicultural educational state, and the guarantee of its normal development is the unconditional consideration and development of the entire cultural diversity of the country. The most important place in the socio-cultural space is occupied by the heritage formed on the basis of the values of the ethnic culture spread throughout the territory of Ukraine. Studying and popularizing the cultural heritage of ethnic groups is the most important task of the state’s cultural policy. Festive and ceremonial culture is an intangible cultural heritage that contributes to the establishment of identity, continuity and respect for cultural diversity and human creativity.

To strengthen the comprehensive literacy of college students and have a correct aesthetic concept, the cultivation of innovative talents in modern college aesthetic education under big data is proposed. The mixed-filtered college aesthetic training data were used to calculate the prediction function, loss function, and regression parameters using a logistic regression model. The training sample probabilities are derived from the maximum likelihood function to predict the unmade scores in the teacher’s scoring matrix, which is trained to fit the original scoring matrix. The behavior of each student is divided into a corresponding label, and the aesthetic education courses with historical preferences of students in the same category are recommended to the target students in that category. By iteratively updating the values of each cluster center one by one, the data with high similarity are clustered into one class, and the distances of all the cluster centers are recalculated to alleviate the data sparsity problem and scalability problem of logistic regression. The information of the training set is used as input data, and the numerical type indicators are used as the basis for judgment to obtain the satisfaction situation of students with the recommended results, and the indicators for visually evaluating the gap between the predicted and real ratings of the system and the accurate and complete data on the cultivation of innovative talents in modern university aesthetic education are counted. The analysis results show that under the big data technology, the physical education courses in colleges and universities carry out the education of the concept of beauty, the innovative form is better, and the percentage of the concept of strength and beauty reaches 69%, strengthening the ability of college students to feel beauty.

Rhamnosyl Icariside II is a rare secondary flavonoid glycoside isolated from Epimedium L. plants. It has better stability and physiological activity than the primary flavonoid glycosides of Epimedium L., therefore, conversion of the primary flavonoid glycoside into Rhamnosyl Icariside II would be desirable. In this study, a method for the enzymatic production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II from the total flavonoids of Epimedium wushanense was established, and the conditions were optimized. Six commercial enzymes were screened, and the reaction conditions for the best enzyme were optimized. Snailase was the most effective hydrolase, and the highest yield was obtained under the optimized conditions. To facilitate industrial production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II, a scaled-up pilot test was performed. The reaction solution was extracted with n-butanol to obtain the Rhamnosyl Icariside II crude product, which was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography and preparative chromatography. Finally, a product of Rhamnosyl Icariside II with purity of 99.1 % was achieved, in a total yield of 46.8 %. Compared to direct extraction and acid hydrolysis, this method improves the product yield and purity, which is of great significance for the large-scale production of Rhamnosyl Icariside II. This study provides a basis for the physiological activity study of Rhamnosyl Icariside II, and offers possibilities for future applications in the healthcare sector.

Abstract Purpose A randomized controlled double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding dexamethasone to the local infiltration analgesia (LIA) mixture on frequency of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) and opioids consumption after simultaneous bilateral total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA). Methods 108 patients who received simultaneous bilateral THA or TKA were randomly divided into dexamethasone group and normal saline (NS) group. The main difference between two groups was whether or not dexamethasone was added to the LIA mixture. The main outcome was the cumulative consumption of opioids within 24 h. The secondary outcome were the total cumulative consumption of opioids during postoperative hospitalization, consumption of opioids drug for rescue analgesia, frequency of PCA, postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and complications. Results Cumulative consumption of opioids in the 24 h was similar between two groups (P = 0.17). Total cumulative consumption of opioids in the dexamethasone group during postoperative hospitalization was significantly lower (P = 0.03). No significant difference in the consumption of opioids drug for rescue analgesia between two groups within 24 h, while the frequency of PCA was significantly different (P = 0.04). VAS of dexamethasone group and NS group were similar during postoperative hospitalization, while the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in dexamethasone group was lower than that in NS group. Conclusions Adding dexamethasone to LIA in the simultaneous bilateral THA or TKA can effectively reduce the total cumulative consumption of opioids and the frequency of PCA, as well as reduce the incidence of PONV. Trial Registration The trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number: ChiCTR2100042551, Date: 23/01/2021).

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic viral RNA receptor. Upon viral infection, the protein recognizes and then recruits adapter protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, initiating the production of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines to establish an antiviral state. In the present study, we identify zinc finger protein 205 (ZNF205) which associates with RIG-I and promotes the Sendai virus (SeV)-induced antiviral innate immune response. Overexpression of ZNF205 facilitates interferon-beta (IFN-β) introduction, whereas ZNF205 deficiency restricts its introduction. Mechanistically, the C-terminal zinc finger domain of ZNF205 interacts with the N-terminal tandem caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) of RIG-I; this interaction markedly promotes K63 ubiquitin-linked polyubiquitination of RIG-I, which is crucial for RIG-I activation. Thus, our results demonstrate that ZNF205 is a positive regulator of the RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral immune signaling pathway.

The relationship between crosslinking density and storage modulus of chloroprene rubber (CR) / ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) blend was studied and the fitting model was established. The relationship between the crosslinking density, storage modulus and stress relaxation properties of each component in the blended rubber was also investigated. The results showed that the applicable temperature range of the model was 35-80 ℃ and the crosslinking density of the two phases were linearly related to the storage modulus. When m(CR)/m(EPDM) was 70/30, the predicted value of the storage modulus model of CR/EPDM blend was close to the measured value, which proved that the model had high reliability. The effect of CR phase on the total storage modulus of CR/EPDM blend was greater. The stress relaxation property of the blend had a linear relationship with the crosslinking density and storage modulus of each component.

LiCoO2 coated with graphene and PSS:PEDOT（GP-LCO）is synthesized by a facile and scalable method. The structure and morphology of LiCoO2（LCO）and GP-LCO have been investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）further demonstrate the existence of graphene and PSS:PEDOT. The electrochemical properties of the composites are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance measurements, which show that the conductive film of graphene（1%）and PSS:PEDOT（2%）on the surface significantly decreases the charge transfer resistance and improves the cycle stability of LiCoO2. Galvanostatic charge-discharge test reveals that with only 2% Super P as conductive additive, the GP-LCO delivers a capacity of 173.9 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 118.0 mAh/g at 10 C, which are higher than the pristine LCO in the potential range of 3.0-4.5 V（vs. Li/Li+）. Moreover, it is clearly noticed that the GP-LCO exhibits a capacity retention of 76.6% after 100 cycles at 0.1C, while the LCO only presents a capacity retention of 41.1%.

Abstract Background The primary objective of the research was to develop a method using radiomics-based computed tomography (CT) to predict muscle invasion in bladder cancer (BCa) before surgery. Methods A total of 269 patients with bladder cancer were divided into two groups; training group (n = 188 cases) and validation group (n = 81 cases). Radiomics characteristics were determined by analyzing the CT images of each patient. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique was used for developing a radiomics signature. Furthermore, logistic regression (LR), the support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were applied to differentiate between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Their performance was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). In addition, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity evaluations were also conducted. Results The radiomics signature was found to be successful in its prediction. A total of 1036 radiomics features were found in the 269 patients, and out of those, 16 were selected as the best predictors of radiomics features. The results revealed that the ANN classifier had the best performance, with a validation set accuracy of 0.950. Conclusions The current work used machine learning and radiomics techniques to successfully construct a prediction model for muscle invasion in bladder cancer. The ANN model produced significant outcomes that may be used in clinical diagnosis or therapy.

Abstract In this study, a direct synthesis approach is proposed to extract the coupling matrix of multi‐port filtering power divider (FPD) with arbitrary phase shift, power division as well as reference impedances, for the first time. This method provides an attractive technique to synthesise a multi‐functional device that combines the characteristics of bandpass filter, multi‐port power divider and ideal phase shifters as well as the impedance matching network, which can effectively diminish the overall size and improve the performance of the microwave front‐end network. A newly defined coupling matrix corresponding to arbitrary multi‐port topologies that introduces ideal phase shift by virtue of constant frequency‐independent reactance at the source and load is developed in FPD synthesis process. The coupling matrix is obtained directly by optimising the presented cost‐function in this paper, avoiding complex similar transformation process of coupling matrix. Finally, several numerical examples of multi‐port FPD with equal/unequal power division ratio, arbitrary phase shift and reference impedances are synthesised to well verify the proposed synthesis method, and a practical example is given to verify the validity of arbitrary phase shift and arbitrary reference impedance.

Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate intracellular parasitic protist that causes clubroot disease on cruciferous plants. So far, some low-molecular-weight secreted proteins from P. brassicae have been reported to play an important role in plant immunity regulation, but there are few reports on its high-molecular-weight secreted proteins. In this study, 35 putative high-molecular-weight secreted proteins (>300 amino acids) of P. brassicae (PbHMWSP) genes that are highly expressed during the infection stage were identified using transcriptome analysis and bioinformatics prediction. Then, the secretory activity of 30 putative PbHMWSPs was confirmed using the yeast signal sequence trap system. Furthermore, the genes encoding 24 PbHMWSPs were successfully cloned and their functions in plant immunity were studied. The results showed that ten PbHMWSPs could inhibit flg22-induced reactive oxygen burst, and ten PbHMWSPs significantly inhibited the expression of the SA signaling pathway marker gene PR1a. In addition, nine PbHMWSPs could inhibit the expression of a marker gene of the JA signaling pathway. Therefore, a total of 19 of the 24 tested PbHMWSPs played roles in suppressing the immune response of plants. Of these, it is worth noting that PbHMWSP34 can inhibit the expression of JA, ET, and several SA signaling pathway marker genes. The present study is the first to report the function of the high-molecular-weight secreted proteins of P. brassicae in plant immunity, which will enrich the theory of interaction mechanisms between the pathogens and plants.

Further assessment of ultraviolet C light-emitting diode (UVC-LED) irradiation for influencing shiitake mushrooms’ (Lentinus edodes) volatile and sensory properties is needed. In this study, a comparison of UVC-LED irradiation treatment on the flavor profiles in various parts of shiitake mushrooms was conducted using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and sensory analysis. Sixty-three volatile compounds were identified in shiitake mushrooms. The fresh shiitake mushrooms were characterized by the highest values of raw mushroom odors. After UVC-LED treatment, the content of C8 alcohols decreased, especially that of 1-octen-3-ol, while the content of aldehydes increased, especially the content of nonanal and decanal. The score of fatty and green odors was enhanced. For fresh samples, the mushroom odors decreased and the mushroom-like odors weakened more sharply when treated in ethanol suspension than when treated with direct irradiation. The fruit odors were enhanced using direct UVC-LED irradiation for fresh mushroom samples and the onion flavor decreased. As for shiitake mushroom powder in ethanol suspension treated with UVC-LED, the sweaty and almond odor scores decreased and the vitamin D2 content in mushroom caps and stems reached 668.79 μg/g (dw) and 399.45 μg/g (dw), respectively. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that UVC-LED treatment produced rich-flavored, quality mushroom products.

Abstract Background and objective The recruitment of collateral circulation correlates with a balance of the microvasculature. Uncertainty remains to be made about the association of leukoaraiosis with leptomeningeal collaterals. To explore the effect of leukoaraiosis on leptomeningeal collaterals in patients treated with endovascular therapy. Methods Observational studies exploring the correlation between leukoaraiosis and leptomeningeal collaterals in large vessel occlusion treated with endovascular therapy were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Libraries databases. Two independent reviewers retrieved eligible literature, extracted purpose-related data, and utilized the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate the risk of bias. A Mantel–Haenszel method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to clarify heterogeneity. Results Data from 10 studies with 1606 patients were extracted for pooled analysis. Compared to non-severe leukoaraiosis, patients with severe leukoaraiosis showed significant relevance to poor leptomeningeal collaterals (OR, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [1.27–3.57]; P = 0.004). Meta-regression indicated that sample size (coefficient = -0.007299, P = 0.035) and the number of female patients (coefficient = -0.0174709, P = 0.020) were sources of heterogeneity. Furthermore, all of the countries (USA versus France versus China, Q = 3.67, P = 0.159), various assessment scales of leukoaraiosis (the Fazekas scale versus Non-Fazekas scales, Q = 0.77, P = 0.379), and different imaging methods of leukoaraiosis (computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging, Q = 2.12, P = 0.146) and leptomeningeal collaterals (computed tomography angiography versus digital subtraction angiography, Q = 1.21, P = 0.271) showed no contribution to the effect size. Conclusion Severe leukoaraiosis is associated with poor leptomeningeal collaterals in patients treated with endovascular therapy. Further studies may focus on whether the finding applies to different stroke subtypes.

Chloroprene rubber vulcanizates containing different types and amounts of curing systems were prepared by mechanical blending, and the effects of a new high-efficiency curing agent, ferric acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3] on the curing mechanism, kinetic parameters and mechanical relaxation behavior of chloroprene rubber were investigated. The results showed that the Fe(acac)3 curing system had the characteristics of being able to participate in the vulcanization cycle during the vulcanization process when Fe(acac)3 of 0.10 phr (mass, similarby hereinafter)was used, chloroprene rubber could be vulcanized efficiently. Compared with the traditional metal oxide curing system, the tensile strength was higher and the equilibrium value of tensile stress relaxation of the vulcanizate was larger when Fe(acac)3 of only 0.25 phr was used. After 3 d of thermo-oxidative aging at 100 ℃, the vulcanizates still maintained a high compressive stress relaxation equilibrium value due to the characteristics that Fe(acac)3 curing system was capable of participating in the vulcanization process circularly.

In order to prevent the crack phenomenon of prefabricated shaft lining wall construction in winter in western China, the evolution characteristics of temperature-stress field in the early stage of prefabricated shaft lining wall construction were studied. Firstly, based on FLAC3D software, a numerical analysis model of early temperature-stress field of inner steel sheet concrete composite shaft lining wall structure was established based on the well drilling project of central return air shaft by drilling method in Kekegai Coal Mine in western China. By simulating the field construction conditions, the distribution law of early temperature stress of shaft lining wall is obtained, and the high risk area prone to early temperature cracks is determined. Then, according to the simulation results, the range analysis method is used to obtain the influence factors of the early temperature stress of the precast shaft lining wall from large to small: convective heat dissipation coefficient, ambient temperature, concrete strength grade; the field measurement results show that the simulated temperature distribution is in good agreement with the engineering measurement. The research results can provide technical support for prevention and control of prefabricated shaft lining wall construction cracks in winter in western China.

Albumin and prealbumin serve as vital markers reflecting hepatic synthesis activity and overall body nutrient status. Hypoproteinemia can result from various etiological factors, with reduced blood inflow into the liver due to portal vein thrombosis being one such cause. However, literature addressing this specific association remains limited. This report presents an atypical case of malnutrition involving a patient who experienced prolonged hypoproteinemia attributable to a gradual decline in hepatic blood perfusion caused by progressive portal thrombosis and cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). The case encompasses an in-depth analysis of the factors contributing to undernutrition, the etiology and diagnosis of hypoproteinemia, and its clinical implications. Vigilance for the presence of hypoproteinemia is essential in the management of patients afflicted by progressive portal vein thrombosis complicated by CTPV. Timely and effective interventions aimed at rectifying hypoproteinemia can significantly enhance clinical outcomes. Moreover, reduced hepatic blood flow should be considered a plausible underlying cause in cases of unexplained hypoproteinemia, warranting thorough evaluation. This case underscores the importance of recognizing the intricate interplay between hepatic vascular pathology and protein homeostasis in clinical practice.

Guanosine pentaphosphate and guanosine tetraphosphate are collectively called (p)ppGpp (Guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate). (p)ppGpp content in plants is affected by conditions such as light, salt, pH, UV light, and environmental phytohormones. The synthesis and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp in plants is accomplished by a class of proteins called RSH (RelA/SpoT homologs). To date, a systematic and comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the RSH gene family in wheat and its closely related species has not been conducted. In this study, 15, 14, 12, and 8 members of RSH were identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum), Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii respectively. Based on the conserved structural domains of the RSH genes, the TaRSHs have been categorized into TaRSH and TaCRSH. The gene duplications in the TaRSH gene family were all identified as segmental duplications indicating that the TaRSH family plays a significant role in expansion and that segmental duplications maintain a degree of genetic stability. Through the analysis of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR experiments, it was observed that the expression levels of TaRSHs were upregulated in response to abiotic stress. This upregulation suggests that TaRSHs play a crucial role in enhancing the resilience of wheat to adverse environmental conditions during its growth and development. Their increased expression likely contributes to the acquisition of stress tolerance mechanisms in wheat. Especially under NaCl stress, the expression levels increased most significantly. The more detailed systematic analysis provided in this article will help us understand the role of TaRSHs and provide a reference for further research on its molecular biological functions in wheat.

Plant defensins are widely distributed in the leaves, fruits, roots, stems, seeds, and tubers. Research shows that defensin in plants play a significant role in physiological metabolism, growth and development. Plant defensins can kill and suppress a variety of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we understand the phylogenetic relationships, protein characterization, chromosomal localization, promoter and gene structural features of the TaPDFs family through sequence alignment and conserved protein structural domain analysis. A total of 73 PDF gene members in wheat, 15 PDF genes in maize, and 11 PDF genes in rice were identified. A total of 35, 65, and 34 PDF gene members were identified in the genomes of Ae. tauschii, T. urartu, and T. dicoccoides, respectively. TaPDF4.9 and TaPDF2.15 were constructed into pART27 vector with YFP by homologous recombination for subcellular localization analysis. Subcellular localization results showed that TaPDF4.9 and TaPDF2.15 were basically located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and TaPDF4.9 was also located in the nucleus. TaPDF4.9 and TaPDF2.15 could inhibit the infection of Phytophthora infestans strain ‘88069’. The results suggest that TaPDFs may be able to improve disease resistance. The study of wheat defensins will be beneficial for improving wheat yield and provides a theoretical basis for research on resistance to wheat diseases.

Abstract Shape descriptors have recently gained popularity in shape matching, statistical shape modeling, etc. Their discriminative ability and efficiency play a decisive role in these tasks. In this paper, we first propose a novel handcrafted anisotropic spectral descriptor using Chebyshev polynomials, called the anisotropic Chebyshev descriptor (ACD); it can effectively capture shape features in multiple directions. The ACD inherits many good characteristics of spectral descriptors, such as being intrinsic, robust to changes in surface discretization, etc. Furthermore, due to the orthogonality of Chebyshev polynomials, the ACD is compact and can disambiguate intrinsic symmetry since several directions are considered. To improve the ACD’s discrimination ability, we construct a Chebyshev spectral manifold convolutional neural network (CSMCNN) that optimizes the ACD and produces a learned ACD. Our experimental results show that the ACD outperforms existing state-of-the-art handcrafted descriptors. The combination of the ACD and the CSMCNN is better than other state-of-the-art learned descriptors in terms of discrimination, efficiency, and robustness to changes in shape resolution and discretization.

Macrophages, as ubiquitous and functionally diverse immune cells, play a central role in innate immunity and initiate adaptive immunity. Especially, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial contributors to the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. Thus, macrophages are emerging potential targets for cancer treatment. Among the numerous targeted therapeutic options, gene therapy is one of the most potential therapeutic strategies via directly and specifically regulating biological functions of macrophages at the gene level for cancer treatment. This short review briefly introduces the characteristics of macrophage populations, the functions of TAM in the occurrence, and the progress of cancer. It also summarized some representative examples to highlight the current progress in TAM-targeted gene therapy. The review hopes to provide new insights into macrophage-targeted gene therapy for precision cancer therapy.

Modernization and industrialization have significantly increased energy consumption, causing environmental problems. Given that China is the largest energy user, the rise in building energy consumption necessitates clean energy alternatives. The purpose of this study is to summarize typical building models for primary and secondary schools in Hainan Province, and to use software to simulate and calculate the photovoltaic utilization potential of primary and secondary school buildings. In China, the government is usually the manager of primary and secondary schools, and due to their architectural characteristics, these buildings can be used to assess photovoltaic applications. The aim is to drive the application of photovoltaic systems in all types of buildings and promote urban energy reform. This study summarizes the types of primary and secondary school buildings in Hainan Province and analyzes them. It evaluates rooftop photovoltaic projects at the Second Middle School and the Siyuan School in Wanning City, Hainan Province, and uses PVsyst 7.2 software to assess the photovoltaic utilization potential. The results show that the optimal orientation in Hainan Province is south-facing, and the optimal inclination angle is 10° to 20°. The most favorable orientations of facade photovoltaic systems are 20° southeast or southwest. The longest dynamic investment payback period is approximately 15 years, and the environmental benefits are $0.012/kWh. The findings indicate significant potential for photovoltaic applications in primary and secondary school buildings. A combination of facade and rooftop photovoltaics can result in the zero-energy consumption of these buildings, reducing the pressure on urban power grids and achieving sustainable utilization.

Variations in the petal color of Brassica napus are crucial for ornamental value, but the controlled loci for breeding remain to be unraveled. Here, we report a candidate locus, AGR-FC.C3, having conducted a bulked segregant analysis on a segregating population with different petal colors. Our results showed that the locus covers 9.46 Mb of the genome, harboring 951 genes. BnaC03.MYB4, BnaC03.MYB85, BnaC03.MYB73, BnaC03.MYB98, and BnaC03.MYB102 belonging to MYB TFs families that might regulate the petal color were observed. Next, a bulk RNA sequencing of white and orange-yellow petals on three development stages was performed to further identify the possible governed genes. The results revealed a total of 51 genes by overlapping the transcriptome data and the bulked segregant analysis data, and it was found that the expression of BnaC03.CCD4 was significantly up-regulated in the white petals at three development stages. Then, several novel candidate genes such as BnaC03.ENDO3, BnaC03.T22F8.180, BnaC03.F15C21.8, BnaC03.Q8GSI6, BnaC03.LSD1, BnaC03.MAP1Da, BnaC03.MAP1Db, and BnaC03G0739700ZS putative to controlling the petal color were identified through deeper analysis. Furthermo re, we have developed two molecular markers for the reported functional gene BnaC03.CCD4 to discriminate the white and orange-yellow petal colors. Our results provided a novel locus for breeding rapeseed with multi-color petals.

L-aspartate oxidase (AO) is the first enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis and is widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Recently, AO family members have been reported in several plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. Research on AO in these plants has revealed that AO plays important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic stresses; however, the nature and functions of AO proteins in wheat are still unclear. In this study, nine AO genes were identified in the wheat genome via sequence alignment and conserved protein domain analysis. These nine wheat AO genes (TaAOs) were distributed on chromosomes 2, 5, and 6 of sub-genomes A, B, and D. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure showed that the nine TaAOs were clustered into three groups, and the TaAOs in each group had similar conserved motifs and gene structure. Meanwhile, the subcellular localization analysis of transient expression mediated by Agrobacterium tumetioniens indicated that TaAO3-6D was localized to chloroplasts. Prediction of cis-elements indicated that a large number of cis-elements involved in responses to ABA, SA, and antioxidants/electrophiles, as well as photoregulatory responses, were found in TaAO promoters, which suggests that the expression of TaAOs may be regulated by these factors. Finally, transcriptome and real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of TaAOs belonging to Group III was strongly induced in wheat infected by F. graminearum during anthesis, while the expression of TaAOs belonging to Group I was heavily suppressed. Additionally, the inducible expression of TaAOs belonging to Group III during anthesis in wheat spikelets infected by F. graminearum was repressed by ABA. Finally, expression of almost all TaAOs was induced by exposure to cold treatment. These results indicate that TaAOs may participate in the response of wheat to F. graminearum infection and cold stress, and ABA may play a negative role in this process. This study lays a foundation for further investigation of TaAO genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.

In order to obtain the novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) cross-linked networks with good shape memory properties, the cross-linked networks of PCL with different molecular weights were prepared by thiol-ene click chemistry method, and its microstructure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and shape memory properties were characterized. The results show that the hydroxyl end of PCL was successfully converted to acrylate-terminated PCL, and almost all the samples show perfect cross-linked network, and the cross-linked polymer has a thermally induced shape memory effect; with the increase of the molecular weight of PCL diol, the melting temperature and crystallinity of the cross-linked network also show an upward trend; the molecular weight of PCL diol has a certain influence on its fixation ability, but regardless of the length of PCL diol, the shape recovery rate of all samples can reach more than 90%. The efficient thiol-ene click chemistry reaction ensures the uniform distribution of PCL chains between cross-linked nodes, the cross-linked network has good network structure, good mechanical and shape memory properties. The exploration of new PCL cross-linked network provides a feasible way for the end functionalization of polymers.

Objective To explore the present situation of nurses’ skills in pre-hospital treatment of severe trauma in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for the construction of trauma centers at all levels in Yunnan province and the training of pre-hospital first aid skills of nurses. Methods Nine experts from the Yunnan Trauma Center Construction Expert Committee were interviewed in a semi-structured way, and the data were processed and analyzed by Giorgi phenomenological analysis. Results Four themes were extracted: Nurses were indispensable to the pre-hospital treatment team. Nurses were found with low level of pre-hospital treatment skills and unclear responsibilities; Give the poor emergency response capability, it was urgent to standardize the treatment process. It was an urgent to establish scientific, objective and quantitative evaluation standard to improve nurses' pre-hospital treatment ability. Conclusion The pre-hospital first aid ability of nurses in Yunnan province is at a low level, and there is a lack of objective evaluation criteria. It is necessary to strengthen the training of nurses' pre-hospital treatment skills, clarify their treatment responsibilities, and construct the evaluation index of nurses' pre-hospital treatment skills for severe trauma, so as to provide scientific and objective reference for standardizing the pre-hospital treatment process and nurse training. (目的 探究云南省护士严重创伤院前救治技能现状, 为云南省各级创伤中心的建设和护士院前救治技能培训提供参考。方法 对云南省创伤中心建设工作专家委员会的9名专家进行半结构式深入访谈, 运用Giorgi现象学分析法进行资料处理与分析。结果 提炼出4个主题: 护理人员是院前救治团队中不可或缺的团队成员; 护士院前救治技能水平低, 岗位职责不明确; 应急能力弱, 规范救治流程迫在眉睫; 建立科学、客观、量化的评估标准是提高护士救治能力的迫切需求。结论 云南省护士整体院前救治能力弱, 缺乏客观评估标准, 必须加强护士的院前救治技能培训、明确救治职责, 且有必要构建护士严重创伤院前创伤救治技能评估指标, 为规范护士院前救治流程和培训提供科学的、客观的参考依据。)

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a highly efficacious chemotherapy drug for treating cancers and autoimmune disorders, but it is also notable for its deleterious side effects including urotoxicity in cancer patients, which has been extensively linked to CP-induced oxidative/inflammatory cascades. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of asperuloside (ASP) against CP-induced urotoxicity. Rats received oral administration of ASP (20 and 40 mg/kg bw/day) for 35 days and were injected with weekly CP (100 mg/kg bw, i.p.) for 4 weeks to induce acute bladder toxicity. CP acutely altered haematological parameters and significantly reduced body weight gain, bladder glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Furthermore, CP caused an upward surge in bladder malondialdehyde, nuclear factor-kappa B, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin 6 concentrations. ASP supplementation ameliorated CP-induced haematological derangement and bladder urotoxicity through the restoration of oxidative and inflammatory parameters in CP-treated rats. These findings suggested that ASP could be valorised as a possible therapeutic agent against chemotherapy-related toxicities as well as oxidative damage disorders.

As a new type of energy storage device, aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (AZICs) have excellent performance, such as high power density, high energy density, long cycle life and high safety.AZICs have a high application prospect in the field of civil electronic equipment and military electrified weapons and equipment, and are expected to become a new generation of energy storage scheme instead of lithium-ion batteries.In this paper, the recent advances of carbon-based materials for zinc ion capacitors, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene and biomass derived carbon were summarized. The zinc ion storage performance of MXenes was analyzed in detail, and the energy storage mechanisms of transition metal oxides were revealed. It is pointed out that developing the cathode materials with high capacity, high voltage tolerance and low temperature adaptability is of great importance.

Abstract Synthetic nanoparticles with surface bioconjugation are promising platforms for targeted therapy, but their simple biological functionalization is still a challenging task against the complex intercellular environment. Once synthetic nanoparticles enter the body, they are phagocytosed by immune cells by the immune system. Recently, the cell membrane camouflage strategy has emerged as a novel therapeutic tactic to overcome these issues by utilizing the fundamental properties of natural cells. Macrophage, a type of immune system cells, plays critical roles in various diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, infection and inflammation, due to the recognition and engulfment function of removing substances and pathogens. Macrophage membranes inherit the surface protein profiles and biointerfacing properties of source cells. Therefore, the macrophage membrane cloaking can protect synthetic nanoparticles from phagocytosis by the immune cells. Meanwhile, the macrophage membrane can make use of the natural correspondence to accurately recognize antigens and target inflamed tissue or tumor sites. In this review, we have summarized the advances in the fabrication, characterization and homing capacity of macrophage membrane cloaking nanoparticles in various diseases, including cancers, immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases, and microbial infections. Although macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles are currently in the fetal stage of development, there is huge potential and challenge to explore the conversion mode in the clinic.

The industrial software industry is an important support for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. Against the background of strengthening China’s manufacturing industry in the new era, industrial software is becoming a direct driving force for optimizing manufacturing and management processes, transforming production methods and relations, improving total-factor productivity, and promoting the spillover and transformation of advanced industrial technologies. China is currently building an independent, controllable, safe, and efficient modern industrial system, which not only challenges the original “technology– production–market” division of labor, but also creates important opportunities for the development of the industrial software industry. Considering the current international market structure, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics and market share of industrial software products, analyzes the shortcomings and problems of China’s industrial software industry development, and summarizes two new development trends of the industrial software industry: platform-based and open source development. Based on this, we propose the following three development paths: (1) improving weak links while strengthening basic research, (2) making technical breakthroughs to catch up with the international advanced level, and (3) leading the development with frontier technologies, hoping to address the industrial deficiencies and improve the industrial level. Furthermore, we propose several suggestions. First, the organizational model should be optimized to maximize the leading role of industrial enterprises. Second, the policy objects should be refined to promote the breakthrough of key technologies regarding industrial software at different levels. Third, the application market needs to be expanded to promote the innovation of industrial software products. Fourth, it is necessary to tap the potentials of talents and support the cultivation of industrial software talents through multiple channels.