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Coral reefs, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters, generally have uneven flat topography. Sudden changes in reef flat topography significantly impact the propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves; however, related studies are rare. This study systematically investigates the propagation and evolution of tsunami-like waves over uneven islands and reefs through wave flume physical experiments, analyzing the influences of incident wave height and reef flat water depth on these characteristics. The experimental results show that an uneven reef flat blocks the propagation of solitary waves and generates reflected waves. The slope, reef margin, and first reef flat in front of the reef are deep underwater, causing solitary waves to undergo shallow deformation without breaking. The wave height increases to a maximum at the step of the reef flat at shallower water depths and then breaks on the second reef flat. After breaking, the solitary wave propagates over the second reef flat as a swell, with wave height slowly attenuated due to energy dissipation from breaking in the limited water depth. As the incident wave height increases, the local wave height at each measuring point rises, with the increase in wave surface further amplified by the shallowing effect at the reef flat step. An increase in incident wave height causes the uneven reef flat to dissipate more wave energy and enhances wave attenuation. Consequently, the spatial distribution of local wave height Hi/H0 decreases with an increase in incident wave height. Increasing the water depth of the reef flat gradually weakens the shallowing effect, resulting in a decrease in the range and peak value of the maximum wave height near the reef flat step. When the water depth of the reef flat exceeds a certain limit, such as hr = 0.05 m in this study, the influence of the uneven reef flat on local wave height diminishes. An increase in the water depth leads to a reduction in wave energy consumed by the uneven reef flat, while the maximum wave height on the second reef flat increases monotonically with deeper water. During the propagation of solitary waves over uneven islands and reefs, two reflections from reef margins and flat steps occur. The reflection coefficient CR1 decreased with increasing incident wave height and reef flat water depth, while the reflection coefficient CR2 decreases significantly with increasing water depth. When the reef flat water depth is low, sudden changes in reef flat terrain greatly enhance the reflection intensity of incident waves. In particular, when hr = 0 m, the reflection coefficient CR2 reaches approximately 0.3.

C23H14Cl4N6O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.044(2) Å, b = 11.340(2) Å, c = 11.812(3) Å, α = 95.470(17)°, β = 105.46(2)°, γ = 90.084(18)°, V = 1161.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0914, wRref(F2) = 0.2547, T = 296 K.

ObjectiveTo analyze the cost changes of cervical cancer inpatients after the implementationof diagnosis related group (DRG) payment in public grade-A tertiary hospitals, and to provide reference for public hospitals to improve management strategies and optimize the utilization of medical insurance funds.MethodsCase data of cervical cancer patients discharged from a public grade-A tertiary hospital in Shandong Province from April to December 2021 (before the implementation of DRG) and from April to December 2022 (after the implementation of DRG) were retrospectively collected. Patients with medical insurance were treated as the policy group and patients with full self-payment were treated as the control group. The changes in the relevant indicators such as total hospitalization costs, drug costs and consumable costs of cervical cancer patients before and after the implementation of the DRG policy were analyzed using the double difference-in-difference (DID) method.ResultsA total of 10 383 hospitalized patients with cervical cancer were enrolled in this study, including 9711 cases in the policy group (including 5418 cases before the implementation of DRG and 4293 cases after the implementation of DRG) and 672 cases in the control group (including 426 cases before the implementation of DRG and 246 cases after the implementation of DRG). Compared with the pre-DRG policy implementation, there were no significant changes in the complication rate, mortality rate, unplanned rehospitalization rate within 30 days, and length of hospital stay between the patients in the policy group and the control group after the DRG policy implementation. However, the total cost of the policy group decreased from ￥11 453.49 to ￥8780.94 (a decrease of 23.33%), in which the cost of medicines decreased by ￥617.37 (a decrease of 25.17%), and the cost of consumables decreased by ￥28.93(a decrease of 28.49%). The results of the double DID mode showed that the total cost of hospitalization in the policy group decreased by 14.40%(R2=0.616, P < 0.05), the cost of medicines decreased by 13.80%(R2=0.364, P < 0.01), and the cost of consumables decreased by 15.40%(R2=0.565, P < 0.01) compared to the control group after the implementation of the DRG policy.ConclusionsThe implementation of DRG policy can reasonably reduce the cost of disease groups and achieve more effective utilization of medical resources on the basis of ensuring accurate clinical diagnosis and high treatment standards.

Abstract Aiming at the oscillation caused by the hydraulic cylinder of independent metering system (IMS) running between multiple working quadrants, a novel multiple quadrants switching displacement tracking control strategy is proposed in this paper. In this control strategy, both the cylinder chamber pressure under resistance and overrunning conditions are controlled by the inlet valve, and the outlet valve is utilized to control the displacement of cylinder. This method allows the hydraulic cylinder to always run in energy-efficient. When the working quadrant changes, the valve’s working modes are unchanged, which avoids oscillation caused by changes of valves working modes in principle. And a reduced-order active disturbance rejective displacement controller and an active disturbance rejective pressure controller are designed to get high-precision tracking of the displacement and pressure. Numerous experimental results show that the proposed method is reasonable and effective, hydraulic cylinder operates smoothly between multiple quadrants, the pressure and displacement controllers have good anti-interference ability and robustness, and the energy consumption can be reduced by more than 23% compared to the traditional constant pressure valve control system.

To enhance the adaptability and application capability of the cloud detection model in different remote sensing satellite domains, unsupervised domain adaptation methods are employed to improve the model’s robustness and transferability. However, conducting fully unlabeled training in the target domain to be adapted may impose difficulty on further improving the accuracy. It is more practical to obtain a few labeled target data for domain adaptation. Additionally, the detection of complex cloud scenes remains a persistent challenge. To address these issues, an Active Domain Adaptation network for Cloud detection (ADAC) is proposed in this paper. This network employs active learning to select a small number of representative samples for annotation, facilitating the transfer of a source domain-trained model to the target domain. Moreover, a novel Generator (G) designed for cloud segmentation is developed, where G utilizes a progressive learning strategy by dividing the network into two stages to learn gradient information, guiding cloud boundary segmentation and enabling the distinction between cloud-like objects and clouds. Furthermore, G integrates Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network to address the issues of misclassifying thin clouds. The proposed method is validated on Landsat 8 and GF-2 datasets, representing the source and target domains, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate ADAC achieved a 4% improvement in the overall accuracy with only 5% labeled training samples in the target domain, achieving the effective adaptation performance in the GF-2 domain.

Aiwen Wang,1,2 Zhuo Yuan,3 Xingpeng Bu,1 Shuzhen Bi,2 Yadong Cheng,4 Huanzhen Chen5 1First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, People’s Republic of China; 3Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huanzhen Chen, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan City, 030000, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China, Email chenhz@sxmu.edu.cnObjective: Our study evaluated the risk factors for new postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) by analyzing the data collected from patients who underwent first coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: Our study retrospectively collected data from January 2021 to December 2023 at Changzhi People’s Hospital. The perioperative period data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictors of the occurrence of POAF after CABG and the related predictive values of risk factors were analyzed by using the subjects’ work characteristic curve (ROC).Results: A total of 169 patients were included, and there are 45 patients in the POAF group, with an incidence of 26.6%, and 124 in the non-POAF group. The POAF group was significantly higher than the non-POAF group in terms of age (69.2± 8.8 years vs 62.3± 9.3 years) and preoperative LAD (42.7± 7.2mm vs 36.8± 5.5mm), and the difference was significant (P< 0.05). Preoperative HDL-C in the POAF group were lower than non-POAF group (1.0± 0.5 mmol/l vs 1.4± 0.7 mmol/l, P< 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between age, LAD, HDL-C and the occurrence of POAF (P< 0.05). According to the ROC curve analysis, age > 64.5 years, LAD > 41mm, and HDL-C < 0.9 mmol/l were the cut-off values for predicting the occurrence of POAF (AUC1=0.733; AUC2=0.741; AUC3=0.647, P < 0.05). The combined age + LAD + HDL-C (AUC = 0.755; P < 0.05) had a higher diagnostic value and high sensitivity.Conclusion: The age, LAD, and HDL-C are independent risk factors for the POAF after CABG, and clinicians should assess these risk factors as much as possible when managing patients in the perioperative period and make corresponding measures to prevent the development of POAF.Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting, left atrial diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, atrial fibrillation

【Objective】 The rubber ring is a crucial component in fracturing pumps, yet it is highly prone to erosion. This study investigates the effects of fracturing particles on erosion and wear of the rubber ring. 【Method】 The study was based on the 3 500 HP fracturing pump. The fluid domain model for its valve body at the hydraulic end was developed using the finite element software COMSOL. The impact of the factors, including particle concentration, particle diameter, and angle of the valve body cone, on the erosion and wear of the rubber seal was analyzed. Mechanical models for a single particle and multi particle erosion of the rubber ring were established using the finite element software ABAQUS, which was used to analyzed the effects of particle shape, erosion speed, impact angle, and impact frequency on erosion and wear of the ring. 【Result】 ①To improve the resistance of the rubber ring against wear and erosion, the angle of the valve body cone should be more than 70°. We found that the lower the particle concentration was, the less susceptible the rubber ring was to wear. When the diameter of solid particles was doubled, the two-phase velocity was increased by about 25%, but this had little effect on the wear of the pump valve. ②Increasing the speed of erosion increased the erosion wear. The rubber ring was more likely to absorb the energy of sharp particles at low angle of attack, while it is more likely to absorb the energy of blunt particles at 90° impact. Under the impact of the multiple particles, blunt particles can cause fatigue failure of the rubber ring, while sharp particles can cause tensile failure of the material surface. 【Conclusion】 For the 3 500 HP fracturing pump we studied, the erosion and wear of the rubber ring can be ameliorated by reducing solid particle concentration, increasing the valve cone angle and roundness of the solid particles.

In this study, CuCr50 alloys were prepared by aluminum thermal reduction-high frequency refining process, and the properties were improved through hot forging and heat treatment. With increasing deformation, large Cr particles were spheroidized and refined, significantly improving the performance of the alloy. When the deformation exceeds 27%, the conductivity reaches 17.73 MS/m, the hardness reaches 116.5 HB, and the density reaches 7.91 g/cm3. After solution at 975 °C for 1h and aging at 550 °C for 4h, the conductivity of the CuCr50 alloy further increased to 19.63 MS/m, the hardness reaches 121.5 HB. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the conductivity, hardness and density are increased by 71.07%, 18.81% and 2.99%, respectively. In the 5% deformed CuCr50 alloy the precipitates of nanoscale Cr particles formed a co-lattice with the copper matrix. In the 14% deformed CuCr50 alloy, nanoscale Cr particles precipitated and dispersed in the Cu matrix, and the relationship between the precipitated Cr phase and the Cu matrix was incoherent. The amount of precipitated Cr phase in the 27% deformed CuCr50 alloy had a semi-coherent relationship with the Cu matrix, the orientations of Cu(2‾00)//Cr(110). The hardness enhancement is mainly attributed to grain refinement and density increase, and the conductivity enhancement is mainly attributed to Cr particle precipitation after aging treatment.

Linyu Xu, Jianxia Lyu, Xutong Zheng, Aiping Wang Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Aiping Wang, Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China, Email jianghaoran88@hotmail.comBackground: Gastric cancer is a significant contributor to the global cancer burden. Risk prediction models aim to estimate future risk based on current and past information, and can be utilized for risk stratification in population screening programs for gastric cancer. This review aims to explore the research design of existing models, as well as the methods, variables, and performance of model construction.Methods: Six databases were searched through to November 4, 2023 to identify appropriate studies. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and the Arksey and O’Malley framework were followed. Data sources included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP, focusing on gastric cancer risk prediction model studies.Results: A total of 29 articles met the inclusion criteria, from which 28 original risk prediction models were identified that met the analysis criteria. The risk prediction model is screened, and the data extracted includes research characteristics, prediction variables selection, model construction methods and evaluation indicators. The area under the curve (AUC) of the models ranged from 0.560 to 0.989, while the C-statistics varied between 0.684 and 0.940. The number of predictor variables is mainly concentrated between 5 to 11. The top 5 most frequently included variables were age, helicobacter pylori (Hp), precancerous lesion, pepsinogen (PG), sex, and smoking. Age and Hp were the most consistently included variables.Conclusion: This review enhances understanding of current gastric cancer risk prediction research and its future directions. The findings provide a strong scientific basis and technical support for developing more accurate gastric cancer risk models. We expect that these conclusions will point the way for future research and clinical practice in this area to assist in the early prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.Keywords: stomach neoplasms, risk prediction, primary prevention, scoping review

Exploration of the underlying mechanisms of tumor occurrence and development, as well as evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer drug treatments, relies on various research models both in vivo and in vitro. Over the past few decades, with the rapid advancement of biomedical technology, significant achievements have been made in this field. Gene detection technology has progressed from a single-gene perspective to multi-gene approaches, resulting in rapid development of bioinformatics and transformation of the conceptual understanding of malignant tumors. Moreover, in vitro cell research models have evolved from monolayer two-dimensional and primary cultures to three-dimensional configurations, which better imitate the cellular interactions and functions within tumor tissues. Furthermore, in vivo animal research models have transitioned from traditional carcinogen induction and cell or tissue xenografts to genetically engineered animal models or xenograft models, enabling targeted investigation into the roles of relevant genes in the occurrence and development of tumors. Clinical research has shifted from simple retrospective to prospective studies, including phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ clinical trials, investigator-initiated clinical trials, and real-world clinical trials. The major shortcomings of current malignant tumor research models include their singularity, insufficient simulation of the tumor microenvironment, disparities between animal models and human tumors, and the lack of consideration for personalized medicine. Further research and optimization of the models are still needed in the future, along with more effective integration of different models to form an optimized comprehensive experimental model system. This review systematically examines and comprehensively overviews the evolution of malignant tumor research models with the aim of providing more references to researchers engaged in oncology research.

Fused silica with surface structures has potential applications in microfluidic, aerospace and other fields. To fabricate structures with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality is of paramount importance. However, it is indeed a challenge to strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency at the same time. Here, a temporally shaped femtosecond laser Bessel-beam-assisted etching method with dual-control of incubation effect is proposed to achieve this balance. Instead of layer-by-layer ablation continuously with Gaussian pulses, silica is modified discretely by double pulse Bessel beam with one single layer. During the modification process, incubation effect is dual-controlled in single shot process and spatial scanning process to generate even modified region efficiently. Then, the modified region is etched to form designed structures such as microholes, grooves, etc. The proposed method exhibits high efficiency for fabrication of surface structures in fused silica.

[H2(C12H10N4)]2+·2(NO3)−, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.6937(3) Å, b = 15.5641(10) Å, c = 12.3322(8) Å, β = 93.201(7)°, V = 707.86(9) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0377, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1076, T = 298.15 K.

[CuC12H10N4]⋅[CuCl2], triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.2957(9) Å, b = 8.718(2) Å, c = 9.878(3) Å, α = 67.58(2)°, β = 78.97(2)°, γ = 80.043(19)°, V = 333.63(15) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt (F) = 0.0360, wRref (F 2) = 0.0998, T = 296 K.

Juan Li,1,&ast; Ziqing Gao,1,&ast; Ning Li,1 Ling Yao,1 Chao Liu,1 Che Xu,1 Xiaohui Ren,1 Aiqin Wang,1 Siqi Gao,2 Miao Wang,2 Xiang Gao,2 Kun Li,3 Jianfeng Wang1 1Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kun Li; Jianfeng Wang, Email liangliang2419@126.com; wangjianfeng1969@163.comBackground: Drug therapy for eye diseases has been limited by multiple protective mechanisms of the eye, which can be improved using well-designed drug delivery systems. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) had been used in many studies as carriers of therapeutic agents for ocular diseases treatment. However, no studies have focused on ocular biosafety. Considering that MSNs containing tetrasulfur bonds have unique advantages and have drawn increasing attention in drug delivery systems, it is necessary to explore the ocular biosafety of tetrasulfur bonds before their widespread application as ophthalmic drug carriers.Methods: In this study, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) with different tetrasulfur bond contents were prepared and characterized. The ocular biosafety of HMSN-E was evaluated in vitro on the three selected ocular cell lines, including corneal epithelial cells, lens epithelial cells and retinal endothelial cells (HREC), and in vivo by using topical eye drops and intravitreal injections.Results: In cellular experiments, HMSNs caused obvious S content-dependent cytotoxic effect. HMSNs with the highest tetrasulfur bond content (HMSN-E), showed the highest cytotoxicity among all the HMSNs, and HREC was the most vulnerable cell to HMSN-E. It was shown that HMSN-E could react with intracellular GSH to generate H2S and decrease intracellular GSH concentration. Treatment of HREC with HMSN-E increased intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, finally caused apoptosis and necrosis of HREC. Topical eye drops of HMSN-E could cause corneal damage. The intravitreal injection of HMSN-E could induce inflammation in the vitreum and ganglion cell layers, resulting in vitreous opacities and retinal abnormalities.Conclusion: The incorporation of tetrasulfur bonds into HMSN can have toxic effects on ocular tissues. Therefore, when mesoporous silica nanocarriers are designed for ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, the ocular toxicity of the tetrasulfur bonds should be considered.Keywords: ophthalmic safety, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles, ophthalmic drug delivery, tetrasulfur bond

ObjectiveTo comprehend the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli （DEC） in a specific district of Beijing City from 2018 to 2022， aiming to provide evidence for the prevention and control of related diseases.MethodsStool specimens of 1 600 diarrhea cases were collected from 3 surveillance sentinel hospitals in one district of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， and DEC strains were isolated from the specimens. The virulence genes were detected by multiplex PCR， and the pathogenic types were obtained. The epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed. Simultaneously， pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） was used to ascertain the molecular types of the strains. Cluster analysis was performed on the fingerprints of ETEC， EPEC， and EAEC strains.ResultsDEC strains were isolated in 144 of 1 600 specimens from one district of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， with a detection rate of 9.00% （144/1 600）. The primary pathogenic type was ETEC， followed by EPEC， EAEC， and EHEC， no EIEC cases were detected. The male-to-female ratio of DEC infection cases was 1.48∶1， with the highest detection rate occurring in the 31~45 age group （11.15%， 59/529）. The year 2019 exhibited the highest positive detection rate of DEC， with the highest rates consistently observed during the summer months. Significant differences in the positive detection rate of DEC were observed among different age groups and years. Most of the DEC-positive patients suffered diarrhea， dehydration， abdominal pain and watery stool. The 144 DEC strains yielded 111 bands， with homology ranging from 13.07% to 100.00%. Isolates of the same type ranged from 2 to 7 strains， and their separation intervals varied from the same day to several years.ConclusionETEC and EPEC were the predominant pathogenic types of DEC in this area， while EHEC infections persisted. DEC exhibited a high incidence during the summer and was more frequently detected in young adults. The PFGE bands exhibited a highly polymorphic distribution.

To achieve Wi-Fi cross-domain human activity perception that was not dependent on target domain data, a domain-generalization human activity recognition model based on CSI instance normalization called INDG-Fi was proposed. The instance normalization standardization was utilized to remove domain information from the representation of CSI features by INDG-Fi. Then action classifiers and domain classifiers were constructed for shared feature extraction. By employing activity bias learning and adversarial domain learning, the model biased the features extracted from the encoding layer towards signal variations caused by human actions while moving away from domain signals. To enhance the model’s focus on subcarrier signals that were more significantly influenced by human actions, a subcarrier attention module was incorporated into the encoding layer. The implemented results demonstrate that the proposed INDG-Fi achieves perceptual accuracies of 97.99% and 92.73% for unseen users and locations, respectively, thus enabling robust cross-domain perception.

Abstract Background Growing evidence indicated that to develop of atherosclerosis observed more often by people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. Considering that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the key pathophysiology of AD and plasma Aβ is closely relate to Aβ deposition in the brain, in the present study, we investigated the relationships between atherosclerosis and plasma Aβ levels. Methods This was a population based cross-sectional study. Patients with high risk of atherosclerosis from Qubao Village, Xi’an were underwent carotid ultrasound for assessment of atherosclerosis. Venous blood was collected on empty stomach in the morning and plasma Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 levels were measured using ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and plasma Aβ levels. Results Among 344 patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, 251(73.0%) had CAS. In the univariate analysis, the plasma Aβ levels had no significant differences between CAS group and non-CAS group (Aβ1−40: 53.07 ± 9.24 pg/ml vs. 51.67 ± 9.11pg/ml, p = 0.211; Aβ1−42: 40.10 ± 5.57 pg/ml vs. 40.70 pg/ml ± 6.37pg/ml, p = 0.285). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that plasma Aβ levels were not associated with CAS (Aβ1−40: OR = 1.019, 95%CI: 0.985–1.054, p = 0.270;Aβ1−42: OR = 1.028, 95%CI: 0.980–1.079, p = 0.256) in the total study population. After stratified by hypertension, CAS was associated with plasma Aβ1−40 positively (OR = 1.063, 95%CI: 1.007–1.122, p = 0.028) in the non-hypertension group, but not in hypertensive group. When the plasma Aβ concentrations were classified into four groups according to its quartile, the highest level of plasma Aβ1−40 group was associated with CAS significantly (OR = 4.465, 95%CI: 1.024–19.474, p = 0.046). Conclusion Among patients with high risk of atherosclerosis, CAS was associated with higher plasma Aβ1−40 level in non-hypertension group, but not in hypertension group. These indicated that atherosclerosis is associated with plasma Aβ level, but the relationship may be confounded by hypertension.

Rainfall and sea surface temperature grid data, as well as rainfall data from coastal stations in China, were used to obtain the spatiotemporal response characteristics of summer rainfall along the Chinese coast to ENSO and analyzed interdecadal changes in summer rainfall. The results show that: (1) Summer rainfall along the coast of China was significantly affected by ENSO and can be divided into three regions, with Lianyungang and Yunao as the boundaries. The Niño3.4 index was negatively correlated with summer rainfall along the Bohai and Yellow Sea coasts, positively correlated with that of the East China Sea coast, and not significantly correlated with that of the South China Sea coast. (2) On an interdecadal timescale, the relationship between summer rainfall along the coast of China and the Niño3.4 index was unstable. The negative correlation between summer rainfall along the Bohai and Yellow Sea coasts and the Niño3.4 index was significant before and after 1980 and 2010, respectively. The positive correlation along the East China Sea coast became insignificant after the 1980s, whereas the correlation along the South China Sea coast remained insignificant. (3) On the interdecadal timescale, the summer Niño3.4 index, winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) index in the previous year, and spring Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) index in current year were significantly negatively correlated with summer interdecadal rainfall along the Bohai and Yellow Sea coasts and positively correlated with summer interdecadal rainfall along the East China Sea coast. Summer interdecadal rainfall along the coast of the South China Sea was significantly negatively correlated with the spring Arctic Sea ice index in the current year. Regarding the Niño3.4 index, the high sea surface temperature in the Central and Eastern Pacific triggered a negative Pacific-Japan-type interconnection wave train in the 500 hPa geopotential height field, resulting in a decrease in interdecadal rainfall along the Bohai and Yellow Sea coast and an increase in interdecadal rainfall along the East China Sea coast. When the winter AO in the last year and spring AAO in the current year were in a positive phase, the abnormal anticyclone in the southern part of Baikal Lake at 850 hPa wind field guided the airflow in the mid to high latitudes southward, causing a weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon and a decrease in interdecadal summer rainfall along the Bohai and Yellow Sea. In addition, the strong, westward position of the subtropical high pressure in the northwest Pacific increases the upward movement, increasing interdecadal summer rainfall along the East China Sea coast. The interdecadal variation of spring Arctic Sea ice stimulates the opposite atmospheric circulation pattern that induced interdecadal variation of summer rainfall along the South China Sea coast in the 850 hPa wind and 500 hPa geopotential height fields.

Fubin Wang,&ast; Aijun Wang,&ast; Xiaoyan Leng, Lin Yong Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Bright Eye Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fubin Wang, Shanghai Bright Eye Hospital, 899 Maotai Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, People’s Republic of China, Email wfb_528@163.comIntroduction: This study presents a rare case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with atypical electrooculogram (EOG) findings, as well as abnormal en-face images of minimum intensity projection (Min-IP) and the en-face inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex.Methods: A 25-year-old female patient presented with painless visual impairment and photopsia in her right eye for a duration of two days. Multimodal imaging was employed including color fundus photography (CFP), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and en-face images of Min-IP and the en-face inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex were performed.Results: In the right eye, multifocal small white spots were observed surrounding the posterior pole and optic disc of retina with the granular appearance of the fovea. FAF displayed of hyperfluorescence. SD-OCT appearance of MEWDS demonstrated primarily disrupted ellipsoid zone (EZ), photoreceptor outer segments, and interdigitation zone (IZ) complex within the fovea. The en-face images of the inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex and Min-IP exhibited hyperreflective spots in the right eye. In the left eye, interestingly, hyperreflective spots were also observed on the en-face image of the inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex. EOG revealed an Arden ratio of 2.5 for the right eye, while the left eye exhibited an Arden ratio of 1.7.Conclusion: The en-face image of the inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex in MEWDS exhibits aberrant features and it is noteworthy that a similar alteration may occur in the fellow eye. Further investigation is required to explore the relationship between MEWDS and EOG. The en-face images of the inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex and Min-IP may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of MEWDS.Keywords: multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, EOG, inner segment/outer segment-ellipsoid complex, minimum intensity projection, multimodal imaging

Qinqin Huang,1– 3 Yun Wang,1– 3 Xiaobao Wang,1 Zhenhua Xiang,1 Haixia Wang,1,2 Aiju Wang,1 Weiguo Liu,1 Yuming Gu1– 3 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261042, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261042, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuming Gu, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weicheng District, Weifang City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, Email guym@wfmc.edu.cnPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Snap Needles (SN) in the management of Postoperative Hemorrhoidal Pain (POHP).Patients and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in various databases, including EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, WanFang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), spanning from their inception to August 2023, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SN for POHP. The primary outcome measure was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while secondary outcomes encompassed the Total Effective Rate (TER), Wound Healing Time (WHT), Pain Relief Time (PRT), Pain Disappearance Time (PDT), and Adverse Events (AEs). The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was employed to assess the quality of individual studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 software.Results: The meta-analysis included 11 RCTs involving 1188 POHP patients, with an overall assessment of study quality ranging from very low to moderate. The findings revealed that the SN group exhibited significant improvements in treatment outcomes when compared to the control group (CG). These improvements were reflected in reduced VAS scores (mean difference [MD] = − 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 1.31, − 0.89, P < 0.05), shorter WHT (MD = − 2.55, 95% CI: − 3.02, − 2.09, P < 0.05), quicker PRT (MD = − 7.99, 95% CI: − 8.48, − 7.49, P < 0.05), fewer AEs (risk ratio [RR] = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.67, P < 0.05), improved TER (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.27, P < 0.05), and faster PDT (MD = 19.24, 95% CI: 14.17, 24.31, P < 0.05).Conclusion: The use of SN appears to yield favorable outcomes in the treatment of POHP, and is potentially an alternative therapy to western drug therapy.Keywords: snap needles, SN, postoperative hemorrhoidal pain, POHP, auricular acupuncture, systematic review, meta-analysis

The supersonic variable Mach number wind tunnel can operate at multiple Mach numbers during a single operation, which has unique advantages for studying supersonic maneuvering process and scramjet starting. The supersonic variable Mach number nozzle is the core component for adjusting Mach number during wind tunnel operation, and its design quality directly determines the flow field quality of the experimental section. The research progress of nozzle design in supersonic variable Mach number wind tunnels both domestically and internationally in recent years is reviewed in this paper, and four typical variable Mach number wind tunnel nozzle schemes（flexible wall, semi-flexible wall, profile rotation, asymmetric）are introduced, as well as their numerical simulation and experimental calibration results. The key considerations in the design of different variable Mach number nozzle schemes are summarized, and the application ofvariable Mach number wind tunnel nozzle in specific tests is prospected.

A channel estimation method for intelligence reflecting surface (IRS) assisted mine communication system based on self supervised learning (SSL) is proposed to address the problems of multipath fading, non line of sight communication, and difficulty in obtaining true labels caused by complex mine environments. The method builds an underground communication system model based on the Nakagami-g fading channel model and IRS signal transmission model, and solves the problems of multipath fading and non line of sight communication through IRS technology. Preliminary channel estimation is performed using the least squares (LS) algorithm, and then the channel estimation results are optimized using octave convolution (OCT) neural network under the SSL framework. OCT directly processes both high-frequency and low-frequency components, capturing both the rough features and subtle differences of the channel, providing comprehensive channel information, and thus more accurately estimating the channel state. The SSL algorithm uses received signals and their noisy versions as training data to improve the precision and efficiency of IRS assisted channel estimation through the intrinsic structure of unlabeled data, thereby reducing reliance on manual labeling. The simulation results show the following points. ① Introducing IRS technology can effectively reduce channel estimation errors. ② The loss value of OCT neural network is significantly lower than that of CNN, and the data fitting effect is better. OCT neural network has high computational efficiency and can improve the overall performance of channel estimation in communication systems. In environments with limited computing resources, OCT neural networks can maintain low parameter and memory usage. ③ The SSL algorithm can maintain a low normalized mean square error under all signal-to-noise ratio conditions, verifying its efficiency and robustness in channel estimation. ④ The channel estimation method for IRS assisted mine communication system based on SSL has good scalability and robustness in large-scale networks.

Abstract Parts are often warped and deformed when they are molded using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Thus, it is necessary to study the addition support modes of parts molded using SLM. Consequently, we designed dendritic, E-stage and conical supports, having different structural parameters and different partitions using Magics, and then, we analyzed their performances using the finite element software Abaqus. The structural parameters of the supports were optimized and finally tested using SLM molding technology. The maximum stress concentration was found for dendritic supports, followed by E-stage supports, and then conical supports. The stress concentration and deformation level of Scheme 2 were less than those of Scheme 1. The stress intensity and deformation levels for two partitions were less than those for three partitions. For parts molded by SLM, the deformation was maximum for conical supports, followed by dendritic supports, and then E-stage supports. When gradient supports of similar volumes were added, additional partitions did not effectively improve the molding quality. When supports of similar volumes were added, adding gradient supports did not effectively improve the molding quality. The results provide a basis for the application of SLM in molding high-precision parts.

Objective The arch vault rise-span ratio not only affects the building height, design rationality, and construction safety of covered PBA (pile-beam-arch) method urban rail transit stations. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of arch vault rise-span ratio on the stress of steel pipe pile stresss and land subsidence. Method A mechanical model of urban rail transit station arch vault structure is constructed to analyze the structural internal forces under different arch rise-span ratios. A 3D station-stratum numerical model of the station and surrounding soil is established using numerical simulation analysis software, and the rationality of the model is verified by comparing numerical simulation results of land subsidence and field monitoring data of land subsidence. The study also examines the mechanical properties of steel pipe piles and their impact on land subsidence during covered PBA method construction. Result & Conclusion When the arch rise-span ratio varies from 0.20 to 0.40, the maximum bending moment, maximum axial force, and maximum shear force of the arch vault structure show a decreasing trend. The maximum axial force of the steel pipe piles decreases initially and then increases; the middle pile axial forceit is the minimum with the arch vault rise-span ratio of 0.30. As the arch vault rise-span ratio increases, land subsidence first decreases and then increases. The optimal ratio for controlling land subsidence is 0.30, resulting in a 34% reduction compared to the arch vault rise-spana ratio of 0.20. The stages of pilot tunnel and arch closure construction cause the most significant land subsidence. An appropriate arch rise-span ratio increases the proportion of land subsidence induced during these two stages, thereby reducing the disturbance to the soil layers from the subsequent station main structure excavation.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of "jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong" for treating bone metastasis of breast cancer and the clinical effect of improving pain symptoms. Methods A total of 80 patients with bone metastases from breast cancer were admitted. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random-number-table method. The control group was treated with zoledronic acid, whereas the observation group was treated with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescriptions based on the control group. We compared the differences in the effects of different treatment plans on patients' pain symptoms, physical condition, and quality of life, as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. Results No significant difference was found in pain scores, physical condition scores, sleep quality scores, and quality of life scores, as well as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels between the two groups of patients before treatment (all P > 0.05). At one, two, and four months after treatment, the pain scores of both groups of patients decreased, with the observation group having lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The total pain-relief rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the sleep quality scores and the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased, with the observation group having lower values than the control group (P < 0.05). The physical condition scores and the quality of life scores of both groups improved, with the observation group having higher values than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with bone metastases from breast cancer, oral treatment with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescription has a significant effect. It substantially improves the pain symptoms, enhances the quality of sleep and life of patients, and reduces the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α.

With the sustained growth of renewable energy, the flexibility of the power system has emerged as a critical indicator, influenced by frequent peak regulation. However, a dilemma exists between maximizing flexibility and optimizing economy, and a multi-objective optimization can serve as means of coordinating conflicts. In this study, condensing cogeneration units equipped with a molten salt heat storage system is research object, an optimization model for day-ahead scheduling is established, with flexibility and economy as the primary optimization objectives. To account for various constraint condition such as unit ramp rate, unit output and thermoelectric coupling properties, an enhanced version of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) is proposed to efficiently solve the optimization problem of a molten salt heat storage system. Flexibility and economy are used to compare and analyze the non dominated solution set obtained from the Pareto front. At the same time, the heat storage and release characteristics of a molten salt heat storage system are analyzed. The findings reveal that a focus on flexibility necessitates great motten salt heat storage to manage insufficient heating during low-load operations. Conversely, an emphasis on economy leads to frequent adjustments in heat storage to maintain optimal unit performance.

Chao Hong,1,2,&ast; Anni Wang,1,&ast; Jiaxuan Xia,1 Jianming Liang,1,3 Ying Zhu,1 Dan Wang,1,4 Huaxing Zhan,4 Chunbo Feng,5 Xinnan Jiang,5 Junjie Pan,6 Jianxin Wang1,7 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China; 4Xiamen Ginposome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361026, People’s Republic of China; 5R&D Center, Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China; 7Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Junjie Pan; Jianxin Wang, Email junjie112@163.com; jxwang@shmu.edu.cnBackground: Most solid tumors are not diagnosed and treated until the advanced stage, in which tumors have shaped mature self-protective power, leading to off-target drugs and nanomedicines. In the present studies, we established a more realistic large tumor model to test the antitumor activity of a multifunctional ginsenoside Rh2-based liposome system (Rh2-lipo) on advanced breast cancer.Methods: Both cholesterol and PEG were substituted by Rh2 to prepare the Rh2-lipo using ethanol-water system and characterized. The effects of Rh2-lipo on cell uptake, penetration of the tumor spheroid, cytotoxicity assay was investigated with 4T1 breast cancer cells and L929 fibroblast cells. The 4T1 orthotopic-bearing large tumor model was established to study the targeting effect of Rh2-lipo and inhibitory effect of paclitaxel loaded Rh2-lipo (PTX-Rh2-lipo) on advanced breast tumors.Results: Rh2-lipo exhibit many advantages that address the limitations of current liposome formulations against large tumors, such as enhanced uptake in TAFs and tumor cells, high targeting and penetration capacity, cytotoxicity against TAFs, normalization of the vessel network, and depletion of stromal collagen. In in vivo study, PTX-Rh2-lipo effectively inhibiting the growth of advanced breast tumors and outperformed most reported PTX formulations, including Lipusu® and Abraxane®.Conclusion: Rh2-lipo have improved drug delivery efficiency and antitumor efficacy in advanced breast cancer, which offers a novel promising platform for advanced tumor therapy. Keywords: nanomedicine, tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy, tumor-associated fibroblast

ObjectiveTo determine the resistance of adult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Dazhu District of Chongqing in 2023， and provide scientific evidence for rational use of hygienic insecticides.MethodsDrug resistance was determined by using adult mosquito contact tube method and adult fly drop method.ResultsIn 2023， the 24-hour mortality rate of adult Culex quinquefasciatus in Dazu District， Chongqing， against permethrin （0.25%）， beta-cypermethrin （0.025%）， deltamethrin （0.025%）， malathion （5%） and propoxur （0.1%） was 37.35%， 21.92%， 28.33%， 96.43%， and 95.38%， respectively. The median lethal dose （LD50） value of female adult Musca domestica against beta-cypermethrin （95.8%）， chlorpyrifos （97%）， deltamethrin （90%） and dichlorvos （95%） was 2.572 μg， 0.329 μg， 0.406 μg， and 0.492 μg， respectively， with resistance of 829.68， 7.65， 53.42， and 46.42 folds to the above tested insecticides．ConclusionAdult Culex quinquefasciatus and Musca domestica in Dazu District show various degrees of resistance to commonly used insecticides. It warrants suspending the insecticides with high resistance， whereas mixedly and alternatively administering the insecticides with possible resistance and low resistance. Additionally， we should continue to monitor the resistance and guide the rational use of insecticides.

Autophagy dysregulation and Ca 2+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in trophoblast cells are proposed to contribute to preeclampsia (PE) development. FAM134B is identified as a receptor associated with endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy). In this study, the placentas of normal pregnant women and PE patients are collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. The effects of ER-phagy are investigated in HTR8/SVneo cells. Significantly increased levels of FAM134B, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R), calnexin, cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C are detected in the PE placenta and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Overexpression of FAM134B in HTR-8/SVneo cells results in increased apoptosis, impaired invasion capacity, and diminished mitochondrial function, while an autophagy inhibitor improves mitochondrial performance. Excessive ER-phagy is also associated with an increased concentration of gamma linolenic acid. Our findings suggest that FAM134B contributes to trophoblast apoptosis by mediating ER-mitochondria Ca 2+ transfer through mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and subsequent mitochondrial function, further enhancing our understanding of PE etiology.

Yihua Fan,1– 3,&ast; Wei Liu,1,2,&ast; Yue Jin,1,2,&ast; Hang Lu,1,2 Chunliu Liu,1,2 Aihua Wang,1,2 Qingxiang Gu,1,2 Yuxiu Ka1,2 1Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Liu, Email fengshiliuwei@163.comBackground: Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals within the joints, leading to inflammation and severe pain. Western medicine treatments have limitations in addressing this condition. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of Qinpi Tongfeng formula (QPTFF) in treating AGA, but further investigation is needed to understand its mechanism of action.Methods: We used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) to identify compounds in QPTFF. Target proteins regulated by these compounds were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Chemistry Database, and Swiss Target Prediction Database. AGA-related targets were searched and screened from various databases, including Genecards, PharmGKB, Drugbank, etc. Intersection targets of QPTFF and AGA were analyzed for protein–protein interaction networks, GO function enrichment, and KEGG pathway enrichment. We then verified QPTFF’s mechanism of action using an AGA rat model, assessing pathological changes via H&E staining and target expression via ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blot.Results: UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS identified 207 compounds in QPTFF, with 55 selected through network pharmacology. Of 589 compound-regulated targets and 1204 AGA-related targets, 183 potential targets were implicated in QPTFF’s treatment of AGA. Main target proteins included IL-1β, NFKBIA, IL-6, TNF, CXCL8, and MMP9, with the IL-17 signaling pathway primarily regulated by QPTFF. Experimental results showed that medium and high doses of QPTFF significantly reduced serum inflammatory factors and MMP-9 expression, and inhibited IL-17A, IL-6, IKK-β, and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression in AGA rats compared to the model group.Conclusion: Key targets of QPTFF include IL-1β, NFKBIA, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8, and MMP9. QPTFF effectively alleviates joint inflammation in AGA rats, with high doses demonstrating no liver or kidney toxicity. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism in treating AGA involves the IL-17A/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.Keywords: acute gouty arthritis, Qinpi Tongfeng formula, network pharmacology, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, IL-17 signaling pathway

Yumei Liao,1,&ast; Aihong Wang,1,&ast; Wenjuan Sui,2 Abbas Khan,3 Zibo Xiong,1,4,5 Guang Yang1,4,5 1Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of City Strategy Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nutrition and Health Promotion, University of Home Economics Lahore Pakistan, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; 4Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China; 5Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Urology and Nephrology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zibo Xiong; Guang Yang, Email xiong0301@163.com; guang.yang@pkuszh.comBackground: Nephrology nursing faces an inevitable challenge when it comes to falls. This study aims to review existing literature on falls in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and to discuss potential solutions.Methods: This review explores the characteristics and causes of falls in CKD patients, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, shares better nursing practices, and discusses both current prevention strategies as well as potential future interventions.Results: CKD patients often experience consciousness impairment and motor dysfunction due to factors such as muscle atrophy, nerve damage, malnutrition, anemia, fluid-electrolyte imbalances, hormonal disorders, and dialysis. Additionally, this study not only shares insights from nursing experience with these patients, but also reviews current evidence-based fall prevention strategies and proposes potential new interventions that could be tested in future research.Conclusion: CKD may increase the risk of involuntary falls in patients due to consciousness impairment and motor dysfunction. Advocating for a standardized expert consensus on fall risk assessment and comprehensive care for CKD patients would enhance the nursing framework in nephrology wards and help patients decrease their fall risk and elevate their quality of life.Keywords: falls, chronic kidney diseases, dialysis, nephrology nursing, anemia

Yu Dong, Aiping Wang The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Aiping Wang, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China, 110001, Email jianghaoran88@hotmail.comBackground: The incidence of visual impairment(VI) in older people is gradually increasing. This review aimed to summarise the evidence on existing health management models and strategies for older adults with VI to improve health-related and vision-related quality of life (QoL) in older people.Methods: Based on the framework of the scoping review methodology of Arksey and O’Malley (2005), a comprehensive literature search of relevant literature published between January 2010 and June 2022 in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, Sinomed and the grey literature.Results: Finally, 31 articles were included. The health management model had a multidisciplinary team low vision rehabilitation model, medical consortium two-way management model, low vision community comprehensive rehabilitation model, medical consortium-family contract service model, screening-referral-follow-up model, and three-level low vision care model. The health management strategy covers nine aspects, the combination of multi-element strategies is feasible, and network information technology has also shown positive results.Conclusion: In the future, under the Internet and hierarchical management model, we should provide demand-based personalized support to rationalize and scientifically achieve hierarchical management and improve resource utilization efficiency and eye health outcomes.Keywords: visual impairment, health management models, strategies, the elderly, scoping review

By analyzing the change laws of flue gas temperature, steam temperature and working fluid mass flow during a power failure accident in a 660 MW power plant, the change laws of heat load in dense phase zone, transition zone and dilute phase zone over time were obtained. On this basis, a 700 MW ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler was taken as the research object, the calculation model of flow and heat transfer in water wall after power failure accident was established, and a calculation program for the transient characteristics of the water wall was developed based on the Fortran language. The dense phase zone, transition zone and dilute phase zone were analyzed, respectively. Through calculation, the change laws of the thermal parameters such as water wall metal temperature and working fluid temperature after power failure accident were obtained. The calculation results show that, after the power failure accident, the maximum water wall metal temperature at the outlet of dense phase zone is 558.6 ℃, and the maximum water wall metal temperature at the outlet of dilute phase zone is 579.6 ℃. Therefore, there is no need to equip emergency water supply pump to ensure the safety of the water wall after power failure. The research results can provide guidance for power plants to deal with power failure accidents of ultra-supercritical CFB boilers.

This study investigates the effect of SiO2 minerals on coal graphitization under natural conditions through high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiment to invert the coal-based graphite formation environment.We thoroughly mixed the SiO2 additive with the sorted vitrinite in coal (from the Gemudi mining area in Guizhou province[SW China]) and then carried out high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiment with ranging from 600 ℃ to 1 200 ℃, 1.5 GPa to 2.0 GPa.The graphitization products of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to investigate the influence of the SiO2 additive on the process of coal graphitization.Results show that in contrast to the graphitization-promoting ability exhibited in high-temperature environments, SiO2 demonstrates a hindering effect on graphitization in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, inhibiting the growth of coal graphitization.This finding provides an hypothesis for the lower graphitization of coal in areas with strong tectonics under natural conditions.

Shan Qiao,1,2,&ast; Haiyun Li,3,&ast; Caisan Cui,4 Chong Zhang,1 Aihua Wang,1 Wenjing Jiang,3 Shanchao Zhang1,5 1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shanchao Zhang, Email zhangshanchao2012@163.com; Wenjing Jiang, Email jiangwenjing@qiluhospital.comPurpose: CSF inflammation in subtypes of antibody-defined autoimmune encephalitis (AE) ranges in intensity from moderate to severe. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we characterized CSF findings in Chinese patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E), anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis (LGI1-E), and anti-gamma aminobutyric acid-B receptor encephalitis (GABABR-E).Patients and Methods: The AE cases, including 102 NMDAR-E, 68 LGI1-E and 15 GABABR-E, were included. CSF inflammatory parameters consisted primarily of CSF leukocytes, oligoclonal bands (OCBs), and CSF/serum albumin ratios (QAlb). Ten serum cytokines were evaluated in order to classify AE subtypes.Results: 88% of NMDAR-E, 80% of GABABR-E, and 51% of LGI1-E patients had aberrant CSF features. In NMDAR-E, the CSF leukocyte count, CSF protein concentration, and age-adjusted QAlb were significantly higher than in LGI1-E, but did not differ from GABABR-E. Blood-CSF barrier dysfunction was less common in NMDAR-E patients with > 40 years old. On admission, inflammatory CSF response was more prevalent in NMDAR-E patients with a higher CASE score. With age < 60 years, CSF inflammatory changes were less frequent in LGI1-E patients, but more common in GABABR-E patients. MCP-1, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-4 were potential classifiers for NMDAR-E, LGI1-E, and GABABR-E, and correlated substantially with CSF leukocyte count and QAlb.Conclusion: Subtype-specific patterns are formed by the various inflammatory CSF parameters in NMDAR-E, LGI1-E, and GABABR-E, and their correlation with disease severity, age, and disease duration. CSF inflammatory characteristics associated with MCP-1, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-4 may be potential immunopathogeneses targeting markers for these AE subtypes.Keywords: autoimmune encephalitis, cytokines, neuroinflammation, cerebrospinal fluid

Jin-Qi Hao,1,2 Lan Zhang,2 Yan-Qin Yu,2 Ming-Yuan Hao,3 Ai-Xin Wang,3 Fu-Min Feng1 1School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063210, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014040, People’s Republic of China; 3The Second People’s Hospital in Hulunbuir, Zaerdong, 162650, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fu-Min Feng, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, 063210, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613931482536, Email fm_feng@sina.comObjective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Malnutrition is a common complication of TB and can worsen the disease outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, as well as the dietary structure, of TB patients in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, China. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the nutritional status in order to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of TB and related issues.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 334 randomly selected TB patients from Hulunbuir City Second Hospital. A questionnaire survey was administered to collect information on demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and food intake. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on the number of food groups consumed in the previous 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics employed rates and composition ratios, and categorical data was represented using frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association between nutritional status and other variables, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors affecting the nutritional status of TB patients.Results: The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the nutritional status (as measured by BMI) among tuberculosis patients, considering ethnicity, educational level, smoking, meat-based diet, vegetable consumption, and DDS grading. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender, age, marital status, occupation, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, and consumption of rice and flour dishes. Statistically significant variables from the univariate analysis were included in a multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis model. The findings highlighted that educational level (high school or below), smoking, meat-based diet, DDS scores of 1– 3, and a primarily vegetable-based diet had independent effects on the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in nutritional status between the Han ethnic group and other ethnicities.Conclusion: The study revealed that the dietary and nutritional status of TB patients in Hulunbuir City was suboptimal and influenced by several factors. Smoking, meat-based diet, and low dietary diversity score were the primary risk factors for malnutrition among TB patients. The study suggests that nutritional education and intervention programs should be implemented for TB patients to improve their dietary quality and nutritional status.Keywords: tuberculosis, nutritional status, dietary diversity score, influencing factors

Abstract Background O-GlcNAcylation modification affects multiple physiological and pathophysiolocal functions of cells. Altered O-GlcNAcylation was reported to participate in antivirus response. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor mediating DNA virus-induced innate immune response. Whether STING is able to be modified by O-GlcNAcylation and how O-GlcNAcylation affects STING-mediated anti-DNA virus response remain unknown. Methods Metabolomics analysis was used for detecting metabolic alterations in HSV-1 infection cells. Succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA), co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assay were employed for determining O-GlcNAcylation. Mutagenesis PCR was applied for the generation of STING mutants. WT and Sting1 −/− C57BL/6 mice (KOCMP-72512-Sting1-B6NVA) were infected with HSV-1 and treated with O-GlcNAcylation inhibitor for validating the role of STING O-GlcNAcylation in antiviral response. Results STING was functionally activated by O-GlcNAcylation in host cells challenged with HSV-1. We demonstrated that this signaling event was initiated by virus infection-enhanced hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). HSV-1 (or viral DNA mimics) promotes glucose metabolism of host cells with a marked increase in HBP, which provides donor glucosamine for O-GlcNAcylation. STING was O-GlcNAcylated on threonine 229, which led to lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of STING and activation of antiviral immune responses. Mutation of STING T229 to alanine abrogated STING activation and reduced HSV-1 stimulated production of interferon (IFN). Application of 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON), an agent that blocks the production of UDP-GlcNAc and inhibits O-GlcNAcylation, markedly attenuated the removal of HSV-1 in wild type C57BL/6 mice, leading to an increased viral retention, elevated infiltration of inflammatory cells, and worsened tissue damages to those displayed in STING gene knockout mice. Together, our data suggest that STING is O-GlcNAcylated in HSV-1, which is crucial for an effective antiviral innate immune response. Conclusion HSV-1 infection activates the generation of UDP-Glc-NAc by upregulating the HBP metabolism. Elevated UDP-Glc-NAc promotes the O-GlcNAcylation of STING, which mediates the anti-viral function of STING. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation of STING could be a useful strategy for antiviral innate immunity.

In order to study the calculation formula of the electromagnetic torque and the transmission characteristics of the drum-type solid magnetic coupler (DSMC), a DSMC with 4 poles is used as the research object. The magnetic equivalent circuit model introducing the induced current is established, combining with Ampere's loop law and the 3-D magnetic effect to analyze and calculate the electromagnetic torque. The magnetic field distribution and induced current distribution of the coupler and the mechanical characteristic curve under different input speeds are obtained by using the finite element simulation software. By moving the conductor rotor axially and changing the relative position of the two rotors, the effects of different meshing lengths on the electromagnetic torque are obtained. Finally, a test platform is built to verify the electromagnetic torque results obtained by the theoretical calculation and the finite element simulation. The experimental results are basically consistent with the above results. The model provides guidance for the design and optimization of the DSMC.

High-quality rice flour is the foundation for the production of various rice-based products. Milling is an essential step in obtaining rice flour, during which significant changes occur in the physicochemical and quality characteristics of the flour. Although rice flour obtained through mainstream wet milling methods exhibits superior quality, low production efficiency and wastewater discharge limit the development of the industry. Dry milling, on the other hand, conserves water resources, but adversely affects flour performance due to excessive heat generation. As an emerging powder-making technique, semi-dry milling offers a promising solution by enhancing flour quality and reducing environmental impact. This is achieved by minimizing soaking time through hot air treatment while reducing mechanical energy consumption to reach saturated water absorption levels. However, continuous production remains a challenge. This comprehensive review summarizes the effects of various milling technologies on rice flour properties and product qualities. It also discusses key control indicators and technical considerations for rice flour processing equipment and processes.

Yanbei Duo,1 Shuoning Song,1 Xiaolin Qiao,2 Yuemei Zhang,3 Jiyu Xu,4 Jing Zhang,5 Zhenyao Peng,6 Yan Chen,2 Xiaorui Nie,2 Qiujin Sun,7 Xianchun Yang,7 Ailing Wang,8 Wei Sun,4 Yong Fu,1 Yingyue Dong,1 Zechun Lu,8 Tao Yuan,1,&ast; Weigang Zhao1,&ast; 1Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Laboratory, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Dean’s Office, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 8National Center for Women and Children’s Health, China CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tao Yuan; Weigang Zhao, Email t75y@sina.com; xiehezhaoweigang@163.comObjective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition of glucose intolerance, which may be accompanied with inflammation. The levels of hematological parameters during pregnancy can reflect inflammatory conditions in pregnant women. This study aims to describe the dynamic change of blood cell parameters from the first trimester (6– 12 weeks of gestation) to the second trimester (24– 28 weeks of gestation) and to investigate the associations of these biomarkers with the risk of GDM.Methods: This study was a prospective double-center study conducted in Beijing, China (clinical trial number: NCT03246295). Hematological parameters were tested four times during the follow-up. Logistic regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to explore the association and predictive ability of hematological parameters for GDM.Results: There were 258 of 1027 pregnant women in our study developed GDM. Among the 1027 pregnant women, white blood cells (WBC) gradually increased, and red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet (PLT) tended to decrease from the first trimester to second trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors, higher levels of RBC, HGB, and PLT in both early and middle pregnancy were positively associated with GDM risk, whereas the level of WBC was associated with GDM risk only in early pregnancy. WBC, RBC, HGB, and PLT in early and middle pregnancy were all correlated with fasting insulin (FINS) in early pregnancy.Conclusion: Higher levels of hematological parameters in early and middle pregnancy were associated with glucose metabolism in early pregnancy and the subsequent risk of GDM.Keywords: hematological parameters, gestational diabetes mellitus, inflammation, insulin resistance, prospective study

Fernand Bteich,1 Kush Desai,1 Chenxin Zhang,1,2 Anahat Kaur,3 Rachel A Levy,1 Lydia Bioh,1 Aaron Wang,1 Sharmin Sultana,1 Andreas Kaubisch,1 Milan Kinkhabwala,1,4 Sarah Bellemare,1,4 Shabnam Fidvi,5 Devaraju Kanmaniraja,5 Robert Berkenblit,5 Jee-Young Moon,1,2 Adebola Adedimeji,2 Clara Y Tow,6 Yvonne Saenger1 1Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; 4Department of General Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; 5Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; 6Department of Medicine, Division of Transplant Hepatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USACorrespondence: Yvonne Saenger, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Golding Building, Room 701, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA, Tel +1 718-430-2715, Email yvonne.saenger@einsteinmed.eduBackground: : Incidence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the Bronx is 61% higher than the rest of New York State. Underserved populations are not well represented in clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).Methods: Demographics were tabulated for 194 patients treated with ICI at the Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center (MECCC) between 2017 and 2022. Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-squared test, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves.Results: MECCC patients were 40.7% Hispanic and 20.6% Black, compared with 3% and 2%, respectively, in the landmark IMbrave 150 study. Median overall survival (mOS) on ICI was 9.0 months, 25.0 months for the 100 (51.5%) favorable-prognosis Child Pugh A (CPA) patients included in HCC clinical trials. Disease control rate (DCR) was 58.5% among 123 evaluable patients per mRECIST 1.1. Baseline liver function, as defined by CP and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na), correlated with survival (p < 0.001). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and alcoholism were over-represented relative to National Cancer Institute (NCI) data (56.2% vs 4.7% and 38.7% vs 8.2%, respectively). HCV treatment correlated with prolonged survival in infected patients (p = 0.0017). AFP decline correlated with response (p = 0.001). Hispanic patients lived longer when clinical variables were controlled for (mOS 52 vs 23 months; p = 0.011).Conclusion: In an underserved HCC population, ICI yielded a DCR of 58.5% and low rates of severe toxicity. This work highlights ICI efficacy in minority groups, a need for earlier HCC diagnosis and for studies of genetic and environmental factors in Hispanics with HCC.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, systemic therapy, immunotherapy, checkpoint inhibitors, minorities

Diospyros sutchuensis is a national protected wild plant species with narrow distribution and extremely small population in southwestern China. At present, the genomic information of this species is lacking and its phylogenetic relationships among Diospyros remain unclear. In this study, the chloroplast genome of D. sutchuensis was sequenced by Illumina platform, assembled and annotated by Getorganelle v1.7.3.4 and PGA, and analyzed by DnaSP 6.12.03 for sequence comparison, REPuter, Tandem Reapeats Finder, MISA for repetitive sequences, CodonW1.4 for codon usage bias, and EasyCodemL for selection pressure. Meanwhile, based on four different chloroplast genome sequence datasets, the phylogenetic relationships between D. sutchuensis and 11 Diospyros species were analyzed using IQtree. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome of D. sutchuensis was 157 917 bp in length, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26 111 bp, which was separated by large single copy (LSC) and short single copy (SSC) of 87 303 bp and 18 392 bp, respectively. The GC content was 37.4%. (2) The genome contained 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 49 long repeats, 27 tandem repeats, and 34 simple sequence repeats were identified. There were 31 high-frequency codons in protein-coding genes, most of them ended in A or U, and the most used codons were the ones encoding leucine. The coding regions were more conserved than the non-coding ones, and 10 regions were identified as most divergent hotspots for potential molecular markers. There had been positive selection on ndhB, ndhG, ndhI, rbcL, rpoB, petB, petD and rps12 among protein-coding genes. (3) Phylogenetic analyses showed that D. sutchuensis was closely related to D. rhombifolia and D. cathayensis. Together with D. hainanensis, these four species formed a monophyletic group. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the chloroplast genomes had the highest support values, indicating that the chloroplast genomes with most variable and informative sites are more suitable for phylogenetic studies of Diospyros. The results provide useful chloroplast genomic resources for germplasm identification, genetic diversity conservation, repopulation, and phylogenetic analysis of D. sutchuensis as well as Diospyros.

Background Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) is currently a research hotspot in the field of cardiovascular disease, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages and significant efficacy in the treatment of CMVD, but there are problems in relevant clinical trials, such as inconsistencies in the diagnostic and efficacy criteria, exploring the core outcome set of TCM in the treatment of CMVD is conducive to the development of high-quality evidence in the future. Objective To analyze the application of outcomes measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CMVD treated with TCM, and propose corresponding questions and recommendations. Methods CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for RCTs of CMVD treated with TCM from inception to February 09, 2023. The basic information, interventions and outcome measures in RCTs of CMVD treated with TCM were extracted, the Cochrane systematic review manual bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the bias risk of the included literature and the Excel software was used to statistically analyze the outcome measures. Results A total of 88 articles were included, involving 2 clinical trial registration protocols and 1 English literature. Cochrane systematic review manual bias risk assessment showed that the included literature were evaluated as unclear in terms of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants and personnel, blinding of outcome assessors, and other bias; mostly low risk in terms of outcome data completeness and selective reporting. A total of 18 RCTs were analyzed for TCM syndromes of patients diagnosed with CMVD, involving 6 RCTs related to blood stasis due to qi deficiency, 3 RCTs related to intermingled phlegm and blood stasis. A total of 115 outcome measures were obtained by statistical analysis, the total frequency was 571 times, which can be divided into 7 categories, including clinical efficacy, physicochemical testing, signs and symptoms, TCM syndrome points, quality of life, long-term prognosis, and safety testing. The frequency of total clinical efficacy rate was the highest (46 times), 3 months was the most commonly used intervention node. and the highest frequency of composite outcome measures was the clinical efficacy combined with physicochemical testing. Conclusion It was found that the overall quality of RCTs of TCM in the treatment of CMVD was generally low, and there are some problems in the outcome measures, such as the lack of standardized TCM syndrome diagnosis criteria and efficacy criteria, and the lack of long-term prognosis monitoring. In the future, it is also necessary to conduct high-quality RCTs, combined with the characteristics of TCM treatment, to construct a standardized core outcome set of TCM in the treatment of CMVD.

Kathleen F Pirollo,1 Manish Moghe,1 Miaoyin Guan,1 Antonina S Rait,1 Aibing Wang,1 Sang-Soo Kim,1,2 Esther H Chang,1 Joe B Harford2 1Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; 2SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc., Potomac, MD, 20854, USACorrespondence: Esther H Chang, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road N.W., Research Building E420, Washington, DC, 20057, USA, Tel +1 202 687 8418, Email change@georgetown.eduIntroduction: Organophosphates are among the deadliest of known chemicals based on their ability to inactivate acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junctions and synapses of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The consequent accumulation of acetylcholine can produce severe acute toxicities and death. Oxime antidotes act by reactivating acetylcholinesterase with the only such reactivator approved for use in the United States being 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (a.k.a., pralidoxime or 2-PAM). However, this compound does not cross the blood–brain barrier readily and so is limited in its ability to reactivate acetylcholinesterase in the brain.Methods: We have developed a novel formulation of 2-PAM by encapsulating it within a nanocomplex designed to cross the blood–brain barrier via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. This nanocomplex (termed scL-2PAM) has been subjected to head-to-head comparisons with unencapsulated 2-PAM in mice exposed to paraoxon, an organophosphate with anticholinesterase activity.Results and Discussion: In mice exposed to a sublethal dose of paraoxon, scL-2PAM reduced the extent and duration of cholinergic symptoms more effectively than did unencapsulated 2-PAM. The scL-2PAM formulation was also more effective than unencapsulated 2-PAM in rescuing mice from death after exposure to otherwise-lethal levels of paraoxon. Improved survival rates in paraoxon-exposed mice were accompanied by a higher degree of reactivation of brain acetylcholinesterase.Conclusion: Our data indicate that scL-2PAM is superior to the currently used form of 2-PAM in terms of both mitigating paraoxon toxicity in mice and reactivating acetylcholinesterase in their brains.Keywords: lipid nanoparticle, nanodelivery, organophosphate, paraoxon, blood–brain barrier, transcytosis

The Nanyuan–Tongxian fault is the boundary fault between the Beijing depression and the Daxing uplift, also the primary seismic-controlling fault of the Beijing M \begin{document}$ 6{\dfrac{1}{2}}$\end{document} earthquake in 1665. Its activity is of great significance to land planning and geological disaster prediction in Beijing. Using high-precision gravity, longitudinal-wave and shear-wave seismic comprehensive exploration profiles, and composite borehole geological profiles, this study investigated the geometric characteristics and activity of the northeastern section of the Nanyuan–Tongxian fault. The results show that after passing through Pingjiatuan Village in Tongzhou District, the fault turns to a nearly east-west direction, trending north with a dip angle of 56° to 75°. The new activity in the northeastern section exhibits characteristics of a normal fault, with an estimated buried depth of about 21.6 m, indicating it as a late Pleistocene active fault. The findings demonstrate that the activity age of the northeast section of the Nanyuan–Tongxian fault differs from that of the middle and southwestern sections, providing crucial geological foundations for the spatial planning and disaster reduction systems in the Beijing region.

Zhen Yang, Xutong Zheng, Na Hu, Fengpei Zhang, Aiping Wang Department of Public Services, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Aiping Wang, Department of Public Services, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China, Email jianghaoran88@hotmail.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to explore perceived barriers to adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.Patients and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in this study from May to July 2023. A purposive sampling approach was adopted to select patients with chronic heart failure. Semi-structured interviews were completed to collect qualitative data for exploring the perceived barriers. In addition, information saturation and validation strategies were adopted to prove the adequacy of qualitative data. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 16 patients with chronic heart failure were included in this study. Analysis of the data revealed five main barriers to adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure. These include (1) lack of knowledge, (2) activity intolerance, (3) exercise fear, (4) role conflict, and (5) lower exercise self-efficacy.Conclusion: This study delved deeper into understanding the challenges faced by chronic heart failure patients in adhering to home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise. The development of precise and effective management and intervention strategies based on these barriers is necessary to improve patient compliance with home-based cardiac rehabilitation exercise.Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation, exercise, influencing factors, qualitative research, thematic analysis

Free tissue flap transplantation is the preferred option for repairing and reconstructing postoperative defects in oral and maxillofacial-head malignant tumors. However, challenges remain for oral and maxillofacial-head and neck oncology surgeons in terms of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, airway management, quality of life and prognosis. I/R injury is an inevitable complication of free-flap transplantation surgery. In addition to shortening the vascular anastomosis time as much as possible during the surgical process, many studies have attempted to further prevent and treat free-flap I/R injury using physical intervention therapy, antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, etc. However, there is a lack of large-scale clinical randomized controlled trial evidence to further support these methods. Postoperative tracheal management of patients receiving free tissue flap transplantation is very important. In recent years, delayed extubation has been proposed as an alternative to traditional tracheostomy. This method can facilitate wound care for patients, reduce infections, speed up patient recovery, and reduce the incidence of vascular crises. In the future, such management is expected to improve the practicality and safety of delayed extubation by formulating more appropriate patient selection criteria and intensive care plans. Preoperative selection of suitable free tissue flaps according to the defect for repair and reconstruction is beneficial for improving the quality of life and survival rate of patients. At the same time, for patients who require postoperative radiotherapy, reducing the complications of postoperative radiotherapy and improving the quality of life of patients can be achieved through intraoperative nerve anastomosis, preradiation oral hygiene maintenance, early speech training, and other methods.

Objective To quantify the setup errors for the different anatomical sites of patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with linear accelerator on-board kilovolt fan beam CT(kV-FBCT) as non-isocenter IGRT and megavolt cone beam CT (MV-CBCT) as isocenter IGRT. Methods A retrospective analysis was performedon 70 patients who underwent radiotherapy, kV-FBCT, and/or MV-CBCT scans after each routine setup prior to IMRT. The average displacement (M), systematic error (Σ), and random error (б) at different treatment sites in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions were calculated according to the individual displacements. The formula 2.5Σ+0.7б was used to estimate the PTV margin in respective direction. For each single patient, the root mean square in three directions was used as 3D displacement. Results A total of 1130 displacements were recorded in the 70 patients. The PTV margin was estimated to be 1.9-3.1 mm in head and neck cancer, 2.8-5.1 mm in thoracic cancer, 4.6-5.1 mm in breast cancer, 3.0-5.5 mm in upper abdominal cancer, and 3.5-6.8 mm in pelvic tumor. For the 3D mean displacements, the head and neck, thoracic, breast, upper abdominal, and pelvic cancer were 2.4±1.0, 4.0±1.6, 4.1±2.0, 4.6±2.1, and 4.6±2.1 mm, respectively. The average 3D displacement obtained by kV-FBCT and MV-CBCT were 4.1 and 3.4 mm, respectively (P=0.212). Conclusion The quantitative setup-error data can be obtained using linear accelerator on-board FBCT, and the non-isocenter IGRT induced set-up error cannot be negligible.

Germplasm resource innovation is a crucial factor for cultivar development, particularly within the context of hybrid rice breeding based on the three-line system. Quan 9311A, a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line, has been successfully cultivated using rice restoration materials and extensively employed as a female parent in hybrid breeding program in China. This line was developed by crossing the CMS line Zhong 9A with a two-line restorer line 93-11, with the intention of eliminating the restoring ability of 93-11 while retaining the sterility gene WA352c from Zhong 9A. Quan 9311A effectively amalgamates the most favorable agronomic traits from both parental lines. In this study, the relationship between phenotypic characteristics and the known functional genes of Quan 9311A were analyzed using the rice genome navigation technology based on whole-genome sequencing. The findings revealed that Quan 9311A harbors multiple superior alleles from both 93-11 and Zhong 9A, providing exceptional agronomic traits that are unavailable in earlier CMS lines. Despite the removal of the fertility restorer gene Rf3 from 93-11, numerous chromosomal segments from 93-11 persist in the Quan 9311A genome. Furthermore, the hybrid rice Quanyousimiao (QYSM) and the restorer line Wushansimiao (WSSM) were used as examples to illustrate the important role of Quan 9311A as the female parent in heterosis. It was found that QYSM carries a great number of superior alleles, which accounts for its high grain yield and wide adaptability. These insights not only advanced the utilization of hybrid rice pairing groups but also provided guidance for future breeding endeavors. The study introduced innovative concepts to further integrate genomics with traditional breeding techniques. Ultimately, Quan 9311A signified a significant milestone in rice breeding technology, opening up novel avenues for hybrid rice development.

Yanqi Song,1 Yeqing Gu,2 Honglei Guo,3 Honghao Yang,4– 6 Xuena Wang,4– 6 Hongmei Wu,4– 6 Aidi Wang,1 Haijin Wang,1 Quan Zhang,1 Qing Zhang,7 Li Liu,7 Ge Meng,6 Baoshan Liu,1 Kaijun Niu4– 6 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Graduate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 6Nutritional Epidemiology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 7Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kaijun Niu, Nutritional Epidemiology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-22-83336613, Email nkj0809@gmail.com; niukaijun@tmu.edu.cn Baoshan Liu, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-22-60362808, Email lbs-cd@163.comPurpose: The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the general Chinese adult male population has risen sharply over the past few decades. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH. To better understand the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPH, we can use the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) because it is a simple and effective marker of inflammation and immunity. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between NLR levels and the prevalence of BPH in a general Chinese adult male population.Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 15,783 male participants free from BPH at baseline. NLR was measured according to the complete blood count. BPH was defined as total prostate volume (TPV) ≥ 30 mL, and TPV was determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BPH risk with NLR levels.Results: During a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 5078 BPH cases were documented. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, education, occupation, income, physical activity, total energy intake, personal and family history of disease, and inflammation markers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of BPH were 1.00 (reference), 1.08 (95% CIs 0.99, 1.17), 1.10 (95% CIs1.02, 1.19), and 1.12 (95% CIs1.03, 1.21), respectively, for participants with NLR in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles (P for trend < 0.01).Conclusion: Higher NLR levels were associated with a higher risk of BPH in Chinese adult male population. Our findings support the notion that NLR levels may be an important target for BPH prevention and intervention.Keywords: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prospective cohort study