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INTRODUCTION: The communication of information about the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) alone has not been associated with changes in habitual behaviours among individuals of European ancestry. In contrast, the use of wearable devices that monitor physical activity (PA) has been associated with behavioural changes in some studies. It is uncertain whether risk communication might enhance the effects of wearable devices. We aim to assess the effects of communicating genetic risk for T2D alone or in combination with wearable device functions on wearable device-measured PA among overweight or obese East Asians. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In a parallel group, randomised controlled trial, 355 overweight or obese East Asian individuals aged 40-60 years are allocated into one of three groups: one control and two intervention groups. Blood samples will be used for estimation of T2D genetic risk and analysis of metabolic risk markers. Genetic risk of T2D will be estimated based on 113 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2D among East Asians. All three groups receive a Fitbit device. Both intervention groups will receive T2D genetic risk estimates along with lifestyle advice, but one of the intervention groups additionally uses Fitbits step goal setting and prompt functions. Questionnaires and physical measurements are administered at baseline, immediately after intervention delivery, and 6 and 12 months post intervention. The primary outcome is time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA from the Fitbit, which will be assessed at baseline, immediately post intervention, 12 months post intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include other wearable device-measured parameters, sedentary time, and sleep, blood pressure, metabolic risk markers, hand grip strength, self-reported PA, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, and psychological variables. Between-group differences in the continuous and categorical variables collected at baseline will be examined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and χ2 tests, respectively. A series of linear mixed effects models with fixed effects of time, group and interaction between time and group will be performed, with adjustment for potential confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol has undergone review and received approval from the ethics committee of the University of Hong Kong. Findings from our trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed research journals and presented at international academic conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05524909. https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ (11 November 2024).

BackgroundMetabolite signatures of long-term alcohol consumption are lacking. To better understand the molecular basis linking alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we investigated circulating metabolites associated with long-term alcohol consumption and examined whether these metabolites were associated with incident CVD.MethodsCumulative average alcohol consumption (g/day) was derived from the total consumption of beer, wine, and liquor on average of 19 years in 2428 Framingham Heart Study Offspring participants (mean age 56 years, 52% women). We used linear mixed models to investigate the associations of alcohol consumption with 211 log-transformed plasma metabolites, adjusting for age, sex, batch, smoking, diet, physical activity, BMI, and familial relationship. Cox models were used to test the association of alcohol-related metabolite scores with fatal and nonfatal incident CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure).ResultsWe identified 60 metabolites associated with cumulative average alcohol consumption (p

Whole-wheat foods are rich in various nutrients. Long-term consumption of whole-wheat foods can prevent chronic metabolic diseases, which has become a new trend in the healthy transformation of the grain industry. However, a standard system for whole-wheat foods is currently lacking, so product quality in the market is uneven. Consequently, developing a rapid and accurate method for authenticity identification and quantitative detection of whole-wheat foods is important for standardizing the market order. In this review, we briefly introduce the definition, standards and current detection status of whole-wheat foods, set forth the basis for the use of the whole wheat marker alkylresorcinols for the quality evaluation of whole-wheat foods, and summarize the quantitative detection methods of alkylresorcinols. Finally, we give an outlook on the future prospects and advantages of nanomaterials and bionics technology in the detection of whole-wheat foods, aiming to provide scientific references for the authenticity discrimination and quantitative analysis of whole-wheat foods.

Transport-related carbon emissions are a significant contributor to overall urban emissions， yet these emissions are rarely factored into the planning of urban electric vehicle （EV） charging stations. In light of this， an optimal allocation method for EV charging stations is conceived， with specific attention to low-carbon constraints on transportation. The approach begins with the establishment of a regional carbon emissions network based on potential locations for charging stations， taking into account the impact of varying factors such as station location and capacity to develop a model for grid-based carbon emissions from transportation. Moving forward， a comprehensive low-carbon transportation index is formulated， which integrates four key factors： the volume of carbon emissions， the mix of energy sources for transportation， the cleanliness of electric power utilized in transportation， and the utilization rate of charging stations. This index is used to measure the impact that the deployment plan for charging stations has on transportation-related carbon emissions. With the low-carbon transportation index serving as a constraint， a dual-objective optimization model is introduced that respects carbon emissions of transportation while also considering economic viability and the objectives of conserving energy and reducing emissions. Finally， the approach is put to the test through simulation in a specific region， with outcomes indicating that the optimal allocation method， constrained by low-carbon transport considerations， can effectively decrease carbon emissions of transportation in various urban districts without necessitating an increase in investment costs.