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Pumped storage power stations play an great role in promoting new energy consumption, ensuring the safety of power grid, building clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and has a broad development prospect. SFC is the most important start-up mode of pumped storage unit, and the output transformer is an important equipment of SFC system, which needs to be equipped with reliable and fast differential protection to ensure its safe and reliable operation. The current frequency varies from 0 to 50Hz during SFC start-up, so the conventional transformer differential protection can not adapt. In this paper, the output transformer differential protection technology is studied according to the electrical characteristics and short circuit fault characteristics of SFC start-up process, the high precision frequency algorithm and the RMS integration algorithm with compensation are proposed to realize the precise measurement of frequency and amplitude, and the ultra-low frequency CT saturation identification technology is proposed to realize the whole process protection of the output transformer from start-up to grid-connection.

Cytological studies were carried out for 13 taxa in the genus Iris from China, of which three species, namely L subdichotoma, L delavayi and L cuniculiformis were endemic to China. The chromosome numbers in somatic cells for each taxon were as follows: L subdichotoma, 2n=42; L japonica, 2n=34; L wattii, 2n=30; L laevigata, 2n=32; L ruthenica var. nana, 2n=42; L collettii, 2n=28; L dolichosiphon and L cuniculiformis, 2n=22; L bulleyana, L delavayi, L chrysographes, L forrestii, and L lactea var. chinensis, 2n=40. The chromosome number and karyotype of L cuniculiformis were reported here for the first time and its karyotype formula was 2n=22=4m+6sm+l2st(2SAT). The karyotype of L dolichosiphon was also firstly reported, whose karyotype formula was 2n=22=4m+12sm+6st. The chromosome number and karyotype of L subdichotoma was newly observed, whose karyotype formula was 2n=42=20m+22sm. Three populations of L ruthenica var. nana from different localities were investigated and all the three populations had the same chromosome numbers different than previously reported. The karyotype formulae for L ruthenica var. nana were shown as follows: Zhongdian population, 2n=42=30m+12sm (2SAT); Lijiang population, 2n=42=28m+l4sm(2SAT); Nixi population, 2n=42=36m+6sm (4SAT). In addition, the 2n chromosome numbers of three subgenera Limniris, Iris and Nepalensis in the genus Iris from present results and previous reports were summarized. The results showed that the chromosome number varied considerably in subgen. Nepalensis, in which L subdichotoma was possibly a key species between the genus Pardanthopsis and subgen. Nepalensis. Chromosome number of I. ruthenica was reported as 2n=84 which was twice as much as its variety I. ruthenica var. nana (2n=42) we observed. By comparing with related groups, L ruthenica is likely to derive from diploid group. Finally, variation of chromosome number and evolutional tendency of karyotype in the genus Iris were also discussed.

Typhonium jinpingense Z. L. Wang, H. Li & F. H. Bian (Araceae) from Yunnan. China, is described as a new species in Araceae. The karyotype of metaphase chromosomes in somatic cells is: 2n = 10 = 2m+2st+6sm. This is the lowest diploid number so far reported in this family.