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Efficient multi-object tracking (MOT) in satellite videos is crucial for numerous applications, ranging from surveillance to environmental monitoring. Existing methods often struggle with effectively exploring the correlation and contextual cues inherent in the consecutive features of video sequences, resulting in redundant feature inference and unreliable motion estimation for tracking. To address these challenges, we propose the MFACNet, a novel multi-frame features aggregating and inter-feature correlation framework for enhancing MOT in satellite videos with the idea of utilizing the features of consecutive frames. The MFACNet integrates multi-frame feature aggregation techniques with inter-feature correlation mechanisms to improve tracking accuracy and robustness. Specifically, our framework leverages temporal information across the features of consecutive frames to capture contextual cues and refine object representations over time. Moreover, we introduce a mechanism to explicitly model the correlations between adjacent features in video sequences, facilitating a more accurate motion estimation and trajectory associations. We evaluated the MFACNet using benchmark datasets for satellite-based video MOT tasks and demonstrated its superiority in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness over state-of-the-art performance by 2.0% in MOTA and 1.6% in IDF1. Our experimental results highlight the potential of precisely utilizing deep features from video sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft detection in SAR images of airports remains crucial for continuous ground observation and aviation transportation scheduling in all weather conditions, but low resolution and complex scenes pose unique challenges. Existing methods struggle with accuracy, overlapping detections, and missed targets. We propose You Only Look Once-SAR Aircraft Detector (YOLO-SAD), a novel detector that tackles these issues. YOLO-SAD leverages the Attention-Efficient Layer Aggregation Network-Head (A-ELAN-H) module to prioritize essential features for improved accuracy. Additionally, the SAR Aircraft Detection-Feature Pyramid Network (SAD-FPN) optimizes multi-scale feature fusion, boosting detection speed. Finally, Enhanced Non-Maximum Suppression (EH-NMS) eliminates overlapping detections. On the SAR Aircraft Detection Dataset (SADD), YOLO-SAD achieved 91.9% AP(0.5) and 57.1% AP(0.5:0.95), surpassing the baseline by 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively. Extensive comparisons on SADD further demonstrate YOLO-SAD's superiority over five state-of-the-art methods in both AP(0.5) and AP(0.5:0.95). The outcomes of further comparative experiments on the SAR-AIRcraft-1.0 dataset confirm the robust generalization capability of YOLO-SAD, demonstrating its potential use in aircraft detection with SAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color centers are versatile systems that generate quantum light, sense magnetic fields and produce spin‐photon entanglement. We review how these properties have pushed the limits of fundamental knowledge in a variety of scientific disciplines, from rejecting local‐realistic theories to sensing superconducting phase transitions. In the light of recent progress in material processing and device fabrication, we identify new opportunities for interdisciplinary fundamental discoveries in physics and geochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) contamination poses a serious threat to human health globally. Hence, it is necessary to develop reliable and ultrasensitive methods for the determination of AFM 1 residue in food products at low levels. In this study, a novel polystyrene microsphere-mediated optical sensing (PSM-OS) strategy was constructed to solve the problems of low sensitivity and susceptibility to interference from the matrix in AFM 1 determination. Polystyrene (PS) microspheres have the advantages of low cost, high stability, and controllable particle size. They can be useful optical signal probes for qualitative and quantitative analyses attributed to the fact that they have strong ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) characteristic absorption peaks. Briefly, magnetic nanoparticles were modified with the complex of bovine serum protein and AFM 1 (MNP 150 -BSA-AFM 1 ), and biotinylated antibodies of AFM 1 (AFM 1 -Ab-Bio). Meanwhile, PS microspheres were also functionalized with streptavidin (SA-PS 950 ). In the presence of AFM 1 , a competitive immune reaction was triggered leading to the changes in AFM 1 -Ab-Bio concentrations on the surface of MNP 150 -BSA-AFM 1 . The complex of MNP 150 -BSA-AFM 1 -Ab-Bio binds with SA-PS 950 to form the immune complexes due to the special binding of biotin and streptavidin. The remaining SA-PS 950 in the supernatant was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer after magnetic separation, which positively correlated with the concentration of AFM 1 . This strategy allows for ultrasensitive determination of AFM 1 with limits of detection as low as 3.2 pg/mL. It was also successfully validated for AFM 1 determination in milk samples, and a high consistency was found with the chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, the proposed PSM-OS strategy can be used for the rapid, ultrasensitive, and convenient determination of AFM 1 , as well as other biochemical analytes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A Ti 3 (Al x Cu 1- x )C 2 phase with Cu atoms with a degree of ordering in the A plane is synthesized through the A site replacement reaction in CuCl 2 molten salt. The weakly bonded single-atom-thick Cu layers in a Ti 3 (Al x Cu 1- x )C 2 MAX phase provide actives sites for catalysis chemistry. As-synthesized Ti 3 (Al x Cu 1- x )C 2 presents unusual peroxidase-like catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes. A fabricated Ti 3 (Al x Cu 1- x )C 2 /chitosan/glassy carbon electrode biosensor prototype also exhibits a low detection limit in the electrochemical sensing of H 2 O 2 . These results have broad implications for property tailoring in a nanolaminated MAX phase by replacing the A site with late transition elements.