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BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of γ‐oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied. RESULTS: Our results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of γ‐oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of γ‐oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed this study to investigate pathological upgrading from biopsy to prostatectomy and clinicopathological factors associated with grade group (GG) upgrading in patients with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) GG 1 and 2 prostate cancer (PCa) in a Chinese cohort. We included patients diagnosed with PCa with ISUP GG 1 and 2 at biopsy, who underwent RP at our institution. Pre- and postoperative clinical variables were examined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent factors associated with GG upgrading. Patients in GG upgraded group had higher total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA; median: 14.43 ng ml−1 vs 10.52 ng ml−1, P = 0.001) and PSA density (PSAD; median: 0.45 ng ml−2 vs 0.27 ng ml−2, P < 0.001) than those in GG nonupgraded group. Patients in upgraded group had a higher ratio for Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score >3 (86.4% vs 67.9%, P < 0.001). Those with GG 1 in biopsy were more likely to experience GG upgrading after RP than those with GG 2 (71 vs 54, P = 0.016). Independent preoperative factors predicting GG upgrading were PI-RADS score >3 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.471, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.132–5.393; P = 0.023), higher PSAD (P = 0.001), and GG in biopsy (OR: 0.241, 95% CI: 0.123–0.471; P < 0.001). The histopathological analyses of RP specimens revealed that perineural invasion (PNI; OR: 1.839, 95% CI: 1.027–3.490; P = 0.041) was identified as an independent factor associated with GG upgrading. Our results revealed that GG in the biopsy, PSAD, PI-RADS score >3, and PNI were independent factors of GG upgrading. These factors should be considered for patients with ISUP grade ≤2 PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically investigate topological properties of guanine-quadruplex (G4) DNA molecules with an s-wave superconductor. We show the emergence of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at the ends of G4-DNA with topological nontrivial phase where a Zeeman field along x direction is considered. The topological superconducting G4-DNA can host one pair of MZMs or two pairs of MZMs, which can be regulated by chemical potential. The topological superconducting G4-DNAs with one pair of MZMs are more stable. The differential conductance of topological superconducting G4-DNA shows zero bias peak structure. MZMs can be identified by measuring the crossed Andreev reflection. It can be used to probe and control the MZMs in G4-DNA. • We investigate topological properties of G4-DNA on top of an s-wave superconductor. • MZMs exist at the ends of G4-DNA with two kinds of topological nontrivial phases. • One of nontrivial phases hosts one pair of MZMs, the other hosts two pairs of MZMs. • We study the differential conductance through topological superconducting G4-DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and catalytic properties of carbocyclic analogues of the fructose-derived ketones are presented. Data indicate that the asymmetric epoxidation of transolefins with the these ketones is low in terms of enantioselectivity and reactivity.

A group of 4-[l-(2-deoxy-[beta]-D-ribofuranosyl)]-derivatives of 5-fluoroaniline possessing a variety of aryl C-2 substituents (6a R = H, 6b R = F, 6c R = Me) were synthesized. Accordingly, a Heck-type coupling reaction of the .4-iodoaniline derivatives (13a--c) with the bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)glycal (11) in the presence of Pd[(OAc).sub.2] and P[h.sub.3]As, followed by removal of the tert-betyldimethylsilyl protection groups using n-B[u.sub.4][N.sup.+] [F.sup.-], yielded the corresponding 4-([beta]-D-glycero-pentofuran-3-ulos-1-yl) aniline derivatives (14a-c) having a C-3 C=O in the sugar ring. Reduction of the C-3 C=O compounds (14a-c) using NaB[(OAc).sub.3]H afforded the target 4-[l-(2-deoxy-[beta]-D-ribofuranosyl)]-derivatives of the respective 2-substituted-5-fluoroaniline (6a-c). The deoxycytidine mimic, 3-fluoro-4-[1-(2-deoxy-[beta]-D-ribofuranosyl)]aniline (6a), in which the cytosine ring of deoxycytidine is replaced by a 4-(3-fluoroaniline) ring system, was inactive as an anticancer agent against a variety of tumor cell lines, and as an antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV-l, HIV-2) agent. The failure of this unnatural deoxycytidine mimic (6a) to exhibit anticancer-antiviral activity may be due to its inability to undergo phosphorylation by host cell- and virus-induced kinases. Key words: fluoroanilines, deoxycytidine mimics, anticancer-antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evaluation.

The enantioselective epoxidation of enynes using a fructose-derived ketone and the oxidant Oxone is described. This provides a direct route for synthesizing alkynyloxiranes.

The chiral ketone catalyzed asymmetric epoxidations of hydroxyalkenes were found to be highly pH dependent. The lower enantioselectivity at pH is due to the substantial contribution of the direct epoxidation by Oxone. At high pH, the epoxidation facilitated by chiral ketone becomes stronger than the racemic epoxidation, causing higher enantioselectivity. The effective substrates include allylic alcohol, homoallylic alcohol and bishomoallylic alcohol.

A highly effective and mild asymmetric monoepoxidation technique for conjugated dienes with a fructose-derived chiral ketone as catalyst and Oxone as oxidant is presented. The regioselectivities and enantioselectivities are very high for most cases. The regioselectivity can be controlled in unsymmetrical dienes, through steric and electronic regulation. The olefin substrates include trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted olefins that can withstand a broad range of functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, TBS ethers or esters.

Potassium peroxomonosulfate can be used as an oxidant and a fructose-derived ketone as a catalyst in an extremely effective catalytic asymmetric epoxidation method for olefins. It was found that pH is a vital factor for the expoxidation with dioxiranes generated in situ. In most cases, higher pH leads to quicker autodecomposition of potassium peroxomonosulfate, which in turn prompts a decrease in epoxidation efficiency. It is possible that the Baeyer-Villiger reaction is one of the key decomposition pathways for the catalyst.

Research was conducted to examine a new type of ketone catalyst for asymmetric epoxidation. Ketones were prepared using (-)-quinic acid. Three types of olefins, trans- and cis-olefins and terminal olefins, were used as substrates. Results indicate that the substituents have some effects on both the conversion of the substrate and the enantiomeric excess of the epoxides. These findings reveal the possibilities that substituents on ketone catalysts could be employed as handles to fine-tune the catalyst reactivity and selectivity.

The kinetic parameters that mediate the epoxidation efficiency of a fructose-derived ketone catalyst were analyzed during the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of trans-B-methylstyrene. The catalytic asymmetric epoxidation process was dependent on hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) such that the efficiency of the reaction was reduced by elevated pH due to the rapid autodecomposition of Oxone. Furthermore, an increase in pH levels attenuated the competing Baeyer-Villiger reaction.

A new approach for the asymmetric epoxidation of trans-olefins bearing no allylic alcohol group with high enantiomeric excess is discussed. Ketones with stereogenic centers that were derived from fructose by ketalization were used as the starting material of the reactions. High enantioselectivity during epoxidation was achieved by epoxidation of unfunctionalized trans-olefins.

To better understand the evolution of the South China Craton (SCC), we have determined the geochronological and geochemical compositions of newly recognized Grenville-aged metabasalts in the Shennongjia region of the northern Yangtze block. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons indicates that the metabasalts formed at 1063 ± 16 Ma. The rocks are calc-alkaline, are characterized by SiO2contents (50.50 to 55.62 wt.%), and have moderate-to-high MgO contents (7.25–9.60 wt.%). They display light rare earth element enrichment ((La/Yb)N = 7.0–9.8) with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.82–0.90) and have pronounced depletion in high-field strength elements as well as positive Pb anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element pattern. They possess high initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7092–0.7107, large negativeεNd(t) values of −12.1 to −11.0, and a relatively narrow range of initial Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 16.503–17.019,207Pb/204Pb = 15.259–15.452, and208Pb/204Pb = 36.169–36.994). These isotopic characteristics are typical of basalts derived from an EM2 source region and suggest a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by subducted components (fluids and melts). Integrating our new data with documented igneous and metamorphic events during late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic time in the region and western segments of the Yangtze block, we suggest that the Shennongjia area might be a microcontinent that was independent of the continental nucleus of the Yangtze block and was accreted to the Yangtze block at the end of Mesoproterozoic time. This study thus argues against the traditional view that the SCC was formed simply by Yangtze–Cathaysia collision and supports a hypothesis in which the Yangtze block was a collage of microcontinents accreted during the Grenvillian period accompanying the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research was conducted to examine a class of C2 and pseudo C2 symmetric ketone catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation and its conformational effect on catalysis. The C2 and pseudo C2 symmetric ketones were prepared from quinic acid and were shown to be an effective catalyst for asymmetric epoxidation. The ring conformation in this class of speudo C2 symmetric ketone catalysts was also observed to have a large effect on the reactivity and selectivity during asymmetric epoxidation.