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Objective: In view of the improvement of the national standard method of distillation pretreatment, combined with the advantages of ion chromatography, a rapid determination of sulfite by microextract-ion chromatography in red wine was established. Methods: Sulfur dioxide was released by microextraction device, which was absorbed by sodium hydroxide solution to form sulfite, and then oxidized to sulfate. The samples were then filtered by 0.45 μm filter and determined by ion chromatograph. Results: The concentration of sulfite ion in range of 1.0~50 mg/L showed a linear relationship with the peak area, with correlation coefficient of 0.999 9, and the detection limit was 0.24 mg/L. The average recoveries of different levels of sulfate were 95.2%~99.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 6.84%~8.65%. Conclusion: The method has the advantages of simple and fast pretreatment operation, reduced impurity interference significantly, and is suitable for the detection of batch samples.

Yunfuconcha bimenta , a new genus and species of bivalve from the Ordovician of western Guangdong, China, is described. Its unusual hinge consists of a palaeotaxodont-like dentition anteriorly and a heteroconch-like dentition posteriorly. The posterior hinge area exhibits a remarkable, broad, deeply inset, concave ligament area, which is reminiscent of the ventrally expanded ligament of some Recent and fossil lucinoids and the triangular resilifer in late Palaeozoic crassatellid heteroconchs. Lamellar posterior teeth and sockets complete the posterior dentition. The unusual combination of features, normally associated with either the Order Cardiolariatida (used here in place of Order 'Afghanodesmatida'—the type genus Afghanodesma , is known only from wax impressions rendering it and its nominal higher taxa invalid) or various crassatelloids and lucinoids, make systematic placement of Yunfuconcha n. gen. uncertain below subclass rank. In view of presumed derived heteroconch-like characters of the posterior hinge, we place Yunfuconcha n. gen. in the Subclass Autobranchia, possibly as a stem archiheterodont or a stem heteroconch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients, and diet might play an important role. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to determine the association between dietary fatty acids (FA) consumption and the prevalence of depression in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ between December 2021 and January 2022. The daily intake of dietary FA was categorised into three groups, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference category. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary FA intake and the prevalence of depression. As a result, after adjustment for potential confounders, a higher intake of total FA [odds ratio (OR)T3 vs. T1 = 1·59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1·04, 2·46] and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (ORT3 vs. T1 = 1·83, 95 % CI = 1·19, 2·84) was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. Significant positive linear trends were also observed (P < 0·05) except for SFA intake. Similarly, the prevalence of depression in MHD patients increased by 20% (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.43) for each standard deviation increment in SFA intake. RCS analysis indicated an inverse U-shaped correlation between SFA and depression (P nonlinear > 0·05). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis produced similar results. Furthermore, no statistically significant association was observed in the subgroup analysis with significant interaction. In conclusion, higher total dietary FA and SFA were positively associated with depressive symptoms among MHD patients. These findings inform future research exploring potential mechanism underlying the association between dietary FA and depressive symptoms in MHD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) of flavonoid compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was studied and the extraction conditions were optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) method combined with the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the flavonoid extract were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions were an ethanol concentration of 41%, microwave power of 178 W and an ultrasound extraction time of 26 min. Under these conditions, the yield of the flavonoid compounds was 2.454%±0.230%, which was higher than that after direct solvent extraction, ultrasound extraction and microwave extraction. The results of in vitro antioxidant assays showed that the flavonoid extract had scavenging capacity for DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals, with corresponding IC50 values of 30.76 mg/L, 21.09 mg/L, 248.4 mg/L, respectively. In addition, this extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a three-tier fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the Chinese population. The study was performed between 1987 and 2008 at the Beijing Military General Hospital, in a cohort of army service males and females aged >50 years. Between 1987 and 2005, a three-tier screening program, comprising guaiac-based FOBTs (gFOBTs), followed by immunochemical FOBTs for positive guaiac test samples and then colonoscopy for positive immunochemical test subjects, was performed annually. The cohort was followed up until 2008. The cohort included 5,104 subjects, of which, 3,863 subjects participated in screening (screening group) and 1,241 did not (non-screening group). The two groups did not differ in age, gender or other major risk factors for colon cancer. Overall, 36 CRCs occurred in the screening group and 21 in the non-screening group. Compared with the non-screening group, the relative risk for the incidence and mortality of CRC was 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30-0.87] and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18-0.71), respectively, in the screening group. The general sensitivity of this three-tier FOBT was 80.6% (95% CI, 65.3-91.1). Thus, annual screening using the three-tier FOBT program may reduce the CRC incidence and mortality rate.