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Superconducting Radio Frequency technologies are widely employed in particle accelerators to explore the frontiers of science. Pure niobium cavity with 2.8–4mm thickness is the traditional technology of a compromise between the thermal conduction and mechanic stability. To meet the requirements of the higher stability of accelerators such as ADS linac, high intensity pulse linac, a solution for enhancing the stability of superconducting cavities by the Al–Nb double layer structure is proposed while maintaining enough heat transfer capacity. In this work, a 3.9GHz single cell Al–Nb elliptical cavity was fabricated to validate this proposal. During the vertical testing, the cavity shows a significant enhancement in the mechanical stability with LFD coefficient reduction by 88% compared to the pure Nb cavity and Q0 value is kept at the same level. Additionally, the basic parameters of Al–Nb composite material were tested and reported as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on rub-impact faults have mainly focused on the rub-impact between rotors and stators, with less research on inter-rotor rub impact. The impact of inter-rotor rub impact on rotor nonlinear vibration is particularly significant. This study investigates the effects of inter-shaft rub impact on the vibration characteristics and whirl behavior of dual-rotor systems. Initially, a dual-rotor model with inter-shaft bearings is established using the finite element method, and inter-shaft rub-impact forces are derived based on contact mechanics. Next, the system response is solved using the Newmark method. Vibration characteristics are analyzed through Campbell diagrams, 3D waterfall plots, time-frequency domain plots, and steady-state rub-impact force plots. Finally, the influence of inter-shaft rub impact on the whirl behavior of the dual-rotor system is studied based on the theory of full-spectrum analysis. The study concludes that inter-shaft rub-impact faults shift the system's resonance points backward, increase harmonic and combination frequency components, and significantly affect the system response under dual-rotor co-rotation. Excessive friction can lead to self-excited vibrations and sudden amplitude increases, particularly in the LP rotor frequency. Additionally, inter-shaft rub impact primarily affects the whirl behavior of the LP-compressor disk1, showing multiple cycles of forward and backward whirl alternation during acceleration due to combined unbalanced and rub-impact excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type IV collagen is an integral component of basement membranes. Mutations in COL4A1, one of the key genes encoding Type IV collagen, can result in a variety of diseases. It is clear that a significant proportion of mutations that affect splicing can cause disease directly or contribute to the susceptibility or severity of disease. Here, we analyzed exonic mutations and intronic mutations described in the COL4A1 gene using bioinformatics programs and identified candidate mutations that may alter the normal splicing pattern through a minigene system. We identified seven variants that induce splicing alterations by disrupting normal splice sites, creating new ones, or altering splice regulatory elements. These mutations are predicted to impact protein function. Our results help in the correct molecular characterization of variants in COL4A1 and may help develop more personalized treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous dams disrupt freshwater animals. The uppermost population of the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise has been newly formed below the Gezhouba Dam, however, information regarding the local porpoise is scarce. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to detect the behaviors of porpoises below the Gezhouba Dam. The influence of shipping, pandemic lockdown, hydrological regime, and light intensity on the biosonar activity of dolphins was also examined using Generalized linear models. Over the course of 4 years (2019–2022), approximately 848, 596, and 676 effective monitoring days were investigated at the three sites, from upstream to downstream. Observations revealed significant spatio‐temporal biosonar activity. Proportion of days that are porpoise positive were 73%, 54%, and 61%, while porpoise buzz signals accounted for 78.49%, 62.35%, and 81.30% of all porpoise biosonar at the three stations. The biosonar activity of porpoises was much higher at the confluence area, particularly at the MZ site, during the absence of boat traffic, and during the Pandemic shutdown. Temporal trends of monthly, seasonal, and yearly variation were also visible, with the highest number of porpoises biosonar detected in the summer season and in 2020. Significant correlations also exist between the hydrological regime and light intensity and porpoise activity, with much higher detections during nighttime and full moon periods. Hydropower cascade development, establishment of a natural reserve, fish release initiatives, and implementation of fishing restrictions may facilitate the proliferation of the porpoise population downstream of the Gezhouba Dam within the Yichang section of the Yangtze River. Prioritizing restoration designs that match natural flow regimes, optimize boat traffic, and reduce noise pollution is crucial for promoting the conservation of the local porpoises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Although advances in detection and treatment have improved the prognosis of NPC the treatment of advanced NPC remains challenging. Here, we explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-122-5p on erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and the role of ferroptosis in the development of NPC. The effect of miR-122-5p silencing and overexpression and the effect of citrate synthase on erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in NPC cells was analyzed by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde, Fe2+, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations of mitochondria. The malignant biological behavior of NPC cells was examined by cell counting kit-8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of miR-122-5p on cell proliferation and migration associated with ferroptosis were examined in vivo in a mouse model of NPC generated by subcutaneous injection of NPC cells. We found that erastin induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited CS, thereby promoting erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and decreasing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Advancements in science and technology enable us to address the challenges of the times: hunger, malnutrition, climate change, and dwindling natural resources. One of the most significant innovations in food and agriculture is the advent of genetic engineering, which may help us address the aforementioned challenges. Millions of people could benefit from the application of genetically engineered crops in agriculture and food. However, it is vital that biosafety assessments of unintended effects are carried out to identify any potential risks to humans, the environment, or society. Summary: The study compared the extent of siRNA, transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the leaves of four RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice lines to evaluate whether RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice that is resistant to black‐streaked dwarf virus experiences changes not seen in the non‐genetically engineered counterpart.siRNA, transcriptome, and metabolome profiling were conducted. siRNAs with different lengths and abundance were highly enriched in the transcript of rice; however, relative expression analysis of eight potential off‐target genes revealed that there was no decrease in gene expression in the RNAi‐based genetically engineered lines, meaning that no off‐target phenomena were caused as a result of siRNA derived from invert repeat sequences of rice black‐streaked dwarf virus in this study.This study identified some differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in the RNAi‐based genetically engineered lines; however, they were not enriched in pathways detrimental for humans, animals and the environment. Only 30 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway via a combined analysis using two‐way orthogonal partial least squares model. These genes belonging to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroid pathway involved in pathways related to virus resistance or infection response were significantly changed.Taken together, there was no off‐target in RNAi‐based genetically engineered rice lines and may have a positive effect on virus resistance overall in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an age-structured predator–prey system with Beddington–DeAngelis (B–D) type functional response, prey refuge and harvesting is investigated, where the predator fertility function f(a) and the maturation function β (a) are assumed to be piecewise functions related to their maturation period τ . Firstly, we rewrite the original system as a non-densely defined abstract Cauchy problem and show the existence of solutions. In particular, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a positive equilibrium of the system. Secondly, we consider the maturation period τ as a bifurcation parameter and show the existence of Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium by applying the integrated semigroup theory and Hopf bifurcation theorem. Moreover, the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions are studied by applying the center manifold theorem and normal form theory. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate of the theoretical results and a brief discussion is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition of cell surface crystal adhesion and an appropriate increase in crystal endocytosis contribute to the inhibition of kidney stone formation. In this study, we investigated the effects of different degrees of carboxymethylation on these processes. An injury model was established by treating human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells with 98.3 ± 8.1 nm calcium oxalate dihydrate (nanoCOD) crystals. The HK‐2 cells were protected with carboxy (‐COOH) Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharides at 1.17% (DSP0), 7.45% (CDSP1), 12.2% (CDSP2), and 17.7% (CDSP3). Changes in biochemical indexes and effects on nanoCOD adhesion and endocytosis were detected. The protection of HK‐2 cells from nanoCOD‐induced oxidative damage by carboxymethylated Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharides (CDSPs) is closely related to the protection of subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria. CDSPs can reduce crystal adhesion on the cell surface and maintain appropriate crystal endocytosis, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. CDSP2 with moderate ‐COOH content showed the strongest protective activity among the CDSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuhan, a highly urbanized and rapidly growing region within China's Yangtze Economic Zone, has historically been identified as a gap area for the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) based on daytime visual surveys. However, there has been a noticeable increase in porpoise sightings since 2020. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring to investigate porpoise distribution in Wuhan between 2020 and 2022. Generalized linear models were used to explore the relationship between shipping, hydrological patterns, light intensity, and porpoise biosonar activity. Over 603 days of effective monitoring, the daily positive rate for porpoise biosonar detection reached 43%, with feeding‐related buzz signals accounting for 55% of all porpoise biosonar signals. However, the proportion of minutes during which porpoise presence was detected was 0.18%, suggesting that while porpoises may frequent the area, their visits were brief and mainly focused on feeding. A significant temporal trend emerged, showing higher porpoise biosonar detection during winter (especially in February) and 2022. Additionally, periods without boat traffic correlated with increased porpoise activity. Hydrological conditions and light levels exhibited significant negative correlations with porpoise activity. Specifically, porpoise sonar detections were notably higher during the night, twilight, and new moon phases. It is highly conceivable that both fishing bans and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related lockdowns contributed to the heightened presence of porpoises in Wuhan. The rapid development of municipal transportation and shipping in Wuhan and resulting underwater noise pollution have emerged as a significant threat to the local porpoise population. Accordingly, it is imperative for regulatory bodies to effectively address this environmental stressor and formulate targeted protection measures to ensure the conservation of the finless porpoise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toona ciliata, also known as Chinese mahogany, is a high-quality and fast-growing wood species with a high economic value. The wood properties of T. ciliata of different provenances vary significantly. In this study, we conducted comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses of red and non-red T. ciliata wood cores of different provenances to compare their wood properties and explore the differential metabolites and genes that govern the variation in their wood properties. Through combined analyses, three differential genes and two metabolites were identified that are possibly related to lignin synthesis. The lignin content in wood cores from T. ciliata of different provenances shows significant variation following systematic measurement and comparisons. The gene Tci09G002190, one of the three differential genes, was identified as a member of the CAD (Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) gene family of T. ciliata, which is associated with lignin synthesis. Our data provide insights into the determinants of the wood properties in T. ciliata, providing a solid foundation for research into the subsequent mechanisms of the formation of T. ciliata wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite progress in cancer immunotherapy, ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis continues to be disappointing. Recent studies have shed light on how not just tumour cells, but also the complex tumour microenvironment, contribute to this unfavourable outcome of OC immunotherapy. The complexities of the immune microenvironment categorize OC as a ‘cold tumour’. Nonetheless, understanding the precise mechanisms through which the microenvironment influences the effectiveness of OC immunotherapy remains an ongoing scientific endeavour. This review primarily aims to dissect the inherent characteristics and behaviours of diverse cells within the immune microenvironment, along with an exploration into its reprogramming and metabolic changes. It is expected that these insights will elucidate the operational dynamics of the immune microenvironment in OC and lay a theoretical groundwork for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in OC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism and potential of Rhizoma alismatis polysaccharides (RAPs) in preventing oxidative damage to human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The experimental approach involved incubating HK-2 cells with 100 nm calcium oxalate monohydrate for 24 h to establish a cellular injury model. Protection was provided by RAPs with varying carboxyl group contents: 3.57%, 7.79%, 10.84%, and 15.33%. The safeguarding effect of RAPs was evaluated by analyzing relevant cellular biochemical indicators. Findings demonstrate that RAPs exhibit notable antioxidative properties. They effectively diminish the release of reactive oxygen species, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde, a lipid oxidation byproduct. Moreover, RAPs enhance superoxide dismutase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential while attenuating the permeability of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Additionally, RAPs significantly reduce levels of inflammatory factors, including NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, and NO. This reduction corresponds to the inhibition of overproduced pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide and the caspase 3 enzyme, leading to a reduction in cellular apoptosis. RAPs also display the ability to suppress the expression of the HK-2 cell surface adhesion molecule CD44. The observed results collectively underscore the substantial anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential of all four RAPs. Moreover, their capacity to modulate the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules highlights their potential in inhibiting the formation of kidney stones. Notably, RAP3, boasting the highest carboxyl group content, emerges as the most potent agent in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two atomically precise silver nanoclusters, Ag54 and Ag33, directed by inner anion templates (CrO42− and/or Cl−), are initially isolated as a mixed phase from identical reactants across a wide temperature range (20–80 °C). Interestingly, fine‐tuning the reaction temperature can realize pure phase synthesis of the two nanoclusters; that is, a metastable Ag54 is kinetically formed at a low temperature (20 °C), whereas such a system is steered towards a thermodynamically stable Ag33 at a relatively high temperature (80 °C). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry illustrates that the stability of Ag33 is superior to that of Ag54, which is further supported by density functional theory calculations. Importantly, the difference in structural stability can influence the pathway of 1,4‐bis(pyrid‐4‐yl)benzene induced transformation reaction starting from Ag54 and Ag33. The former undergoes a dramatic breakage‐reorganization process to form an Ag31 dimer (Ag31), while the same product can be also achieved from the latter following a noninvasive ligand exchange process. Both the Ag54 and Ag33 have the potential for further remote laser ignition applications. This work not only demonstrates how temperature controls the isolation of a specific phase, but also sheds light on the structural transformation pathway of nanoclusters with different stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explosion flow fields are characterized by shock waves with varying intensity and position (i.e., explosive loads), which are the primary causes of structural damage. Accurate and rapid prediction of explosive loads is crucial for structural blast-resistant design and daily security management. While existing empirical models and numerical simulation methods can capture the propagation characteristics of explosive shock waves, high-precision simulation requires a massive computational workload, which is insufficient to meet the fast computational demands of various explosive scenarios. To address this contradiction, this study constructed a sparse reconstruction model for two-dimensional explosion fields based on machine learning algorithms. The model utilizes sparse observational data to establish a mapping relationship to the distribution of the entire flow field. The model is built by a physics-informed graph neural network (PIGN). The graph neural network is employed to associate node features, while the physical network is utilized to control model convergence, aiming to enhance model performance. Using the constructed dataset, the PIGN model was tested. Performance and generalization capabilities of the model were assessed by comparing its results with numerical simulation. This evaluation analyzed the relative error distribution and error statistical results of the reconstructed flow field. The results indicate that the PIGN model can effectively reconstruct explosion fields, with an average error in the reconstructed flow field below 4%. Furthermore, when the number of probe points reaches 10, the average error of the flow field reconstructed by the model is close to 6%. This model not only provides a highly reliable distribution of explosion overpressure and pressure-time variations but also, with a well-trained model, accomplishes flow field reconstruction within 1 ms. It offers a novel approach for achieving rapid and reasonable prediction of explosion fields or two-dimensional compressible flow fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wuhan, a highly urbanized and rapidly growing region within China's Yangtze Economic Zone, has historically been identified as a gap area for the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) based on daytime visual surveys. However, there has been a noticeable increase in porpoise sightings since 2020. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring to investigate porpoise distribution in Wuhan between 2020 and 2022. Generalized linear models were used to explore the relationship between shipping, hydrological patterns, light intensity, and porpoise biosonar activity. Over 603 days of effective monitoring, the daily positive rate for porpoise biosonar detection reached 43%, with feeding‐related buzz signals accounting for 55% of all porpoise biosonar signals. However, the proportion of minutes during which porpoise presence was detected was 0.18%, suggesting that while porpoises may frequent the area, their visits were brief and mainly focused on feeding. A significant temporal trend emerged, showing higher porpoise biosonar detection during winter (especially in February) and 2022. Additionally, periods without boat traffic correlated with increased porpoise activity. Hydrological conditions and light levels exhibited significant negative correlations with porpoise activity. Specifically, porpoise sonar detections were notably higher during the night, twilight, and new moon phases. It is highly conceivable that both fishing bans and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related lockdowns contributed to the heightened presence of porpoises in Wuhan. The rapid development of municipal transportation and shipping in Wuhan and resulting underwater noise pollution have emerged as a significant threat to the local porpoise population. Accordingly, it is imperative for regulatory bodies to effectively address this environmental stressor and formulate targeted protection measures to ensure the conservation of the finless porpoise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible bird's nests have a variety of biological activities, the main components of which are sialic acids. Sialic acids are a group of nine-carbon N-acetylated derivatives of neuraminic acid containing a keto group at position C2 and play important roles in many biological processes. To verify whether the oral administration of edible bird's nests would change the content and distribution of sialic acid components in vivo, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of sialic acid levels in serum and tissues was developed. In the negative ion mode, the mobile phases consist of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (v/v) (B). Isocratic elution was performed with 60% B for 0−15 min. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Morphling HILIC Amide column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the typical calibration curves were all higher than 0.995, exhibiting good linearity. The levels of free and conjugated forms of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid (KDN) in the serum and different tissues were simultaneously detected after the oral administration of the edible bird's nests at a daily dose of 300 and 700 mg Kg−1 for seven days in mice. Our study found that the oral administration of edible bird's nests can significantly increase the concentration of total sialic acids (Neu5Gc + Neu5Ac + KDN) in serum and spleen and lungs tissues, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and immune function of edible bird's nest, but further studies are needed to verify this. Neu5Ac was the dominant sialic acid in brain tissue, and Neu5Gc was the dominant sialic acid in serum and other tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney. Moreover, we found that the forms of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc were mainly conjugated in all groups except liver tissue. In conclusion, the method we established had good linearity and accuracy; it allowed the analytes to be effectively separated from the matrix and endogenous substances in serum or tissues, so it could effectively detect the distribution and concentration of free and conjugated forms of sialic acids in serum and tissues, which was beneficial to the research and exploitation of edible bird's nests and sialic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of γ‐oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied. RESULTS: Our results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of γ‐oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of γ‐oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a simple optical model, which consists of two Kerr nonlinear parallel planar waveguides sandwiching a one-dimensional photonic crystal for demonstrating the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking in optics. We study the shape and stability of soliton pairs propagating in two planar waveguides and the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the power distribution of solitons in the two waveguides. The results of numerical simulation show that there is supercritical type of spontaneous symmetry breaking in this system. More optical power P and smaller refractive index of photonic crystals C 0 make soliton solutions more prone to spontaneous symmetry breaking bifurcation. Asymmetric soliton solutions and symmetric soliton solutions correspond to different dispersion relations. Under the given total power P, for the symmetric soliton solutions, the propagation constant k increases linearly with C 0 , and for asymmetric soliton solutions, the propagation constant k decreases nonlinearly with C 0 . The minimum point of k (C 0) is just the demarkation between the symmetric soliton solutions and the asymmetric soliton solutions. If C 0 is fixed, the minimum point of the Hamiltonian of the system, E (P) , is also the critical point of the two different kinds of soliton solutions. We also study stable and unstable distributions of two kinds of soliton solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article proposes a novel temperature prediction technique for complex indoor environments based on parameter estimation. The method utilizes the Boussinesq approximation to establish a thermal model and estimate key parameters including pressure terms, heat transfer coefficients, and thermal diffusivity. An approximate approach is adopted to simulate the thermal dynamics of an indoor space. By comparing simulation results under an initial temperature with actual measurements, accurate parameter values are obtained. The estimated parameters can then be applied to achieve high-accuracy temperature prediction given varying initial conditions in the same environment. Moreover, the method can be formulated into a state-space model, enabling offline optimal temperature control. Through identifying the governing parameters via data-driven modeling, it provides an effective engineering tool for analyzing heat transfer and regulating temperature in intricate indoor settings. Rigorous derivation and sufficient validation demonstrate the reliability of this method. Given its potential in fields like architecture design and thermal engineering, this technique offers valuable impacts and insights for temperature management in enclosed environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common central nervous system complication after undergoing surgery and anesthesia especially in elderly patients, while the therapeutic options are very limited. This study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effects of transcranial near infrared light (NIRL) which was employed to the treatment of PND and propose the involved mechanisms. The PND mice were established through left carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia and received transcranial NIRL treatment. Behavioral testing was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of PND mice after transcranial NIRL therapy. Changes in the transcriptomic profiles of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the molecular mechanisms involved were examined by both in vivo mouse model and in vitro cell culture studies. We found that transcranial NIRL therapy effectively ameliorated learning and memory deficit induced by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice. Specifically, we identified down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the brains of PND mice that was mechanistically associated with increased pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory. NIRL treatment produced protective effects through the upregulation of IRF7 expression and reversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective, resulting in reduced brain damage and improved cognitive function in PND mice. Our results indicate that transcranial NIRL is an effective and safe therapy for PND via alleviating neuroinflammation, and IRF7 plays a key transcription factor in regulating the M1-to-M2 switch of microglia. Diagrammatic presentation of the findings from this study. Anesthesia and surgery conducted in aged mice could result in PND. Transcranial NIRL through promoting microglia M1 to M2 phenotype switch by upregulating IRF7 to ameliorating neuroinflammation, increasing BDNF and protecting neuron in PND mice, and further amelioration neurocognitive disorder. PND perioperative neurocognitive disorder, IRF7 interferon regulatory factor 7, BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor. [Display omitted] • Transcranial NIRL is effective in PND mouse model of cognitive impairment. • IRF7 plays a key role in beneficial effects of NIRL in PND mouse model. • NIRL to the brain may be a new strategy for PND in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrothermal and sol-gel method were combined to prepare carbon microspheres. • Carbon microspheres with multi-layer dendritic hollow structure, high specific surface area and abundant micropores were successfully prepared. • Excellent cycle stability and great specific capacitance were obtained by the supercapacitor prepared from the carbon microspheres. The electrochemical properties of corn starch (CS)-based hydrothermal carbon microsphere (CMS) electrode materials for supercapacitor are closely related to their structures. Herein, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a soft template to form the corn starch (CS)-based carbon microspheres with radial hollow structure in the inner and middle layers by hydrothermal and sol-gel method. Due to the introduction of multi-layer hollow structure of carbon microsphere, more micropores were produced during CO 2 activation, which increased the specific surface area and improved the capacitance performance. Compared to commercial activated carbon, the four different morphologies of corn starch CMS had better electrochemical performances. Consequently, the proposed CO 2 –(CTAB)-CS-CS exhibits a high discharge specific capacitance of 242.5F/g at 1 A/g in three-electrode system with 6 M KOH electrolyte, better than commercial activated carbon with 208.5F/g. Moreover, excellent stability is achieved for CO 2 –(CTAB)-CS-CS with approximately 97.14 % retention of the initial specific capacitance value after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A/g, while the commercial activated carbon has 86.96 % retention. This implies that the corn starch-based multilayer hollow CMS could be a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-span bridges are the key component of the human transportation system, linking communities over vast obstacles. To ensure the safe operation of long-span bridges, structural health monitoring (SHM) is perhaps the most effective solution. This study takes a 430m four-span continuous girder bridge as an example and systematically presents an implementation example of the SHM system on the bridge regarding monitoring items, sensor placement, and sensor parameters. The monitoring data including operational load and bridge response are analyzed and the statistical rules of these monitoring data are presented. Besides, the modal parameters of the girder are tracked from long-term vibration monitoring data. Furthermore, the correlations between structural temperature and bridge response are analyzed, and the correlation formulas between bridge modal frequency, static responses, and structural temperature are finally given. The analysis results reveal significant seasonal variations in the responses of the continuously monitored girder bridge, offering valuable insights for data-driven assessment and early warning systems for bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular and strictly regulated by physiological processes. However, whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdS x Se1−x quantum dots (QDs) in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione (GSH) metabolic pathway. High enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione-reductase-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with the Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in the cell nucleus and will pave the way for the development of advanced 'supercells'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we derive a random-enhanced quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and develop a new finite difference (FD) scheme based on this algorithm. The random-enhanced QPSO algorithm has advantages of convergence speed and can converge within the 200th iteration. Under the same conditions, the convergence speed of the conventional QPSO algorithm is much lower than that of the random-enhanced QPSO algorithm. Numerical dispersion analysis reveals that the optimized FD scheme based on the random-enhanced QPSO algorithm has a broader spectral coverage, and the accuracy error is maintained within a valid range, signifying that the random-enhanced QPSO algorithm can better search for accurate global solutions. Finally, numerical modeling of elastic wave equations is performed using the optimized FD scheme based on the random-enhanced QPSO algorithm. The numerical modeling results indicate that the optimized FD scheme based on the random-enhanced QPSO algorithm can effectively suppress numerical dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of the soil application and foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers on rice yield and quality in Liaoning Province were investigated. Field experiments were conducted at Kaiyuan, Xinmin, and Dawa in 2022 and 2023. Magnesium fertilizers were used in the soil as magnesium sulfate monohydrate and silicon–magnesium fertilizer and on leaves was magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The results showed that the application of 12 kg magnesium hm−2 in the soil at the Kaiyuan site can significantly increase rice yield by 14.8% compared with sites without magnesium fertilizer. The use of silicon–magnesium fertilizer showed a more obvious yield increase of 22.2%. The application of 3 kg magnesium hm−2 or 6 kg magnesium hm−2 on the leaf surface increased the rice yield at Kaiyuan by 19.4% and 21.6% and at Xinmin by 17.8% and 5.4%, respectively. The yield increase was more significant under the optimal fertilization treatment compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. The application of magnesium fertilizer increased the magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in rice shoots and the potassium and crude protein contents in rice grains. The effect of foliar spraying with magnesium fertilizers was more obvious than soil application. Therefore, the magnesium fertilizer used on the leaf surface plays an important role in improving rice yield and quality in rice-growing areas with relatively rich soil magnesium content. Magnesium fertilizer can compensate for the yield decrease caused by the reduced use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by promoting nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in rice. Conclusively, the application of magnesium fertilizer is a promising measure to improve rice production in Liaoning province under a reduced nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that solutions to deterministic nonlocal aggregation-diffusion models may blow up in two or higher dimensions. Various mechanisms hence have been proposed to "regularize" the deterministic aggregation-diffusion equations in a manner that allows pattern formation without blow-up. However, stochastic effect has not been ever considered among other things. In this work, we consider a nonlocal aggregation-diffusion model with multiplicative noise and establish the local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions on ℝ d (d ≥ 2). If the noise is non-autonomous and linear, we establish the global existence and large-time behavior of strong solutions with decay properties by combining the Moser-Alikakos iteration technique and some decay estimates of Girsanov type processes. If the noise is nonlinear and strong enough, we show that blow-up can be prevented. As such, our results assert that certain multiplicative noise can also regularize the aggregation-diffusion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic‐inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have shown significant application in lighting and sensor fields, owing to their prominent performance and diversity structures. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds: (propyl‐quinuclidone)2CdBr4 (1) and (F‐butyl‐quinuclidone)2CdBr4 (2). By introducing light‐emitting organic cation with flexible long chain, 1 and 2 exhibit excellent transition properties and bright blue‐white fluorescence. Then, combine fluorescence lifetime and first‐principal calculation, providing evidence for the electron transfer emission. Subsequently, investigated the impact of substituent carbon chain length (methyl to butyl), structural rigidity (C−C to C−F) and halide framework (Cl to I) on the fluorescence properties. Results indicate that Cd⋅⋅⋅Cd distance and structural rigidity play an important role in fluorescence. Overall, our research provides valuable insight and example for chemical modifications enhance compound performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of an all‐in‐one catalyst, in which the photosensitizer and the transition metal site are close to each other, is important for improving the efficiency of metallaphotoredox catalysis. However, the development of convenient synthetic strategies for the precise construction of an all‐in‐one catalyst remains a challenging task due to the requirement of precise installation of the catalytic sites. Herein, we have successfully established a facile bottom‐up strategy for the direct synthesis of Ni(II)‐incorporated covalent organic framework (COF), named LZU‐713@Ni, as a versatile all‐in‐one metallaphotoredox catalyst. LZU‐713@Ni showed excellent activity and recyclability in the photoredox/nickel‐catalyzed C−O, C−S, and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. Notably, this catalyst displayed a better catalytic activity than its homogeneous analogues, physically mixed dual catalyst system, and, especially, LZU‐713/Ni which was prepared through post‐synthetic modification. The improved catalytic efficiency of LZU‐713@Ni should be attributed to the implementation of bottom‐up strategy, which incorporated the fixed, ordered, and abundant catalytic sites into its framework. This work sheds new light on the exploration of concise and effective strategies for the construction of multifunctional COF‐based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge for object detection in aerial images is small object detection. Most existing methods use feature fusion strategies to enhance small object features in shallow layers but ignore the problem of inconsistent small object local region responses between feature layers, namely the semantic gap, which may lead to underutilization of small object information in multiple feature layers. To lift the above limitations, we propose a scale enhancement module that adaptively passes valuable small object features in different feature layers to shallow layers to alleviate the semantic gap problem. In particular, the module includes the novel fine-coarse self-attention mechanism, which captures global contextual information by performing strong interaction of pixel-level information at the local scale and weak interaction of region-level information at the global scale. In addition, the anchor assignment strategy based on the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric is not favorable for small objects as the IoU metric for small objects has a lower tolerance for position deviation compared to large ones. For this reason, we design the dynamic anchor assignment strategy with a scale-insensitive metric to assign adequate anchors to small objects. Extensive experiments on three aerial datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the properties of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and blood lipids using computed tomography angiography (CTA). A total of 83 patients with coronary heart disease were included in this study (males: 50; females: 33; average age: [59 ± 8] years old). They were classified into the stable angina group and unstable angina group. Atherosclerotic plaques were classified as fatty plaques (soft plaques), fibrous plaques, and calcified plaques based on the computed tomography (CT) values. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between the properties of angina and the CT values of atherosclerotic plaques, blood lipids, and plaque properties, and then compared between the stable and unstable angina groups. There were statistically significant differences in plaque properties between the stable and unstable angina groups (P< 0.001). During CTA examination, we found statistically significant differences in the CT density values of atherosclerotic plaques between the stable and unstable angina groups (P< 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the properties of angina and the level of blood lipids (P< 0.05). Anginal properties negatively correlated with calcified plaques and positively correlated with non-calcified plaques. Calcified plaques negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Non-calcified plaques negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, and TG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High specific detectivity (D*) is one of the key performance metrics for near‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs), which however is always limited by the high dark current density (Jd). Herein, high‐performance NIR‐OPDs with ultralow Jd are successfully achieved by developing new conjugated pyrrolic polysquaraines as photoactive materials. By changing the linkage sites of the carbazole bridge, two low‐bandgap pyrrolic polysquaraines, i.e., PSQ‐3,6‐Cz and PSQ‐2,7‐Cz, are prepared via a facile synthetic route, both showing strong absorption in the visible and NIR region (600–1000 nm), respectable hole mobility, and enhanced compatibility with the PC61BM acceptor. The fabricated polysquaraine‐based NIR‐OPDs deliver impressive Jd values as low as ≈2.0 × 10−11 A cm−2 in a photovoltaic mode, which to the best of the knowledge is among the lowest values for NIR‐OPDs so far, and thus enables a high shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) over 1013 Jones in 650–950 nm. With a more accurate noise spectral current measurement, the PSQ‐2,7‐Cz‐based OPDs show lower noise currents and better detection performance than the PSQ‐3,6‐Cz‐based OPDs, which is attributed to the lower energetic disorder degree and fewer traps of the former, both resulting in suppressed trap‐assisted recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent crucial intermediates in the formation of insoluble metal oxides from soluble metal ions, however, the rapid hydrolysis‐condensation kinetics of MoVI or WVI makes the direct characterization of coexisted molecular species in a given medium extremely difficult. Silver nanoclusters have shown versatile capacity to encapsulate diverse POMs, which provides an alternative scene to appreciate landscape of POMs in atomic precision. Here, we report a thiacalix[4]arene protected silver nanocluster (Ag72b) that simultaneously encapsulates three kinds of molybdates (MoO42−, Mo6O228− and Mo7O258−) in situ transformed from classic Lindqvist Mo6O192−, providing more deep understanding on the structural diversity and condensation growth route of POMs in solution. Ag72b is the first silver nanocluster trapping so many kinds of molybdates, which in turn exert collective template effect to aggregate silver atoms into a nanocluster. The post‐reaction of Ag72b with AgOAc or PhCOOAg produces a discrete Ag24 nanocluster (Ag24a) or an Ag28 nanocluster based 1D chain structure (Ag28a), respectively. Moreover, the post‐synthesized Ag28a can be utilized as potential ignition material for further application. This work not only provides an important model for unlocking dynamic features of POMs at atom‐precise level but also pioneers a promising approach to synthesize silver nanoclusters from known to unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent crucial intermediates in the formation of insoluble metal oxides from soluble metal ions, however, the rapid hydrolysis‐condensation kinetics of MoVI or WVI makes the direct characterization of coexisted molecular species in a given medium extremely difficult. Silver nanoclusters have shown versatile capacity to encapsulate diverse POMs, which provides an alternative scene to appreciate landscape of POMs in atomic precision. Here, we report a thiacalix[4]arene protected silver nanocluster (Ag72b) that simultaneously encapsulates three kinds of molybdates (MoO42−, Mo6O228− and Mo7O258−) in situ transformed from classic Lindqvist Mo6O192−, providing more deep understanding on the structural diversity and condensation growth route of POMs in solution. Ag72b is the first silver nanocluster trapping so many kinds of molybdates, which in turn exert collective template effect to aggregate silver atoms into a nanocluster. The post‐reaction of Ag72b with AgOAc or PhCOOAg produces a discrete Ag24 nanocluster (Ag24a) or an Ag28 nanocluster based 1D chain structure (Ag28a), respectively. Moreover, the post‐synthesized Ag28a can be utilized as potential ignition material for further application. This work not only provides an important model for unlocking dynamic features of POMs at atom‐precise level but also pioneers a promising approach to synthesize silver nanoclusters from known to unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the isomerization transition of cluster ConMoS (n = 1–5), we employ density functional theory and transition state theory methods in this study. The cluster is optimized at the B3LYP/def2tzvp quantum chemical level. The results reveal eight isomerization reactions for the clusters ConMoS (n = 3, 5). Analyzing the activation energies shows a greater propensity for the isomerization transformation in the forward reaction compared to the reverse reaction. At room temperature, six isomerization transformation processes exhibit rapid conversion to the product configurations. Investigation of the equilibrium constants and application of the Arrhenius formula demonstrate that the cluster isomerization reactions are primarily driven by the forward reactions, with four reactions displaying efficient reactant to product conversion rates. Furthermore, there exists a consistent relationship between the structural complexity of the cluster and the change in entropy value. This study provides theoretical insights into reaction rates and optimization of reaction pathways, facilitating mutual validation and development between experimental and theoretical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three typical oxygen-containing functional groups on C-dots have been selectively deactivated to elucidate their impact on the co-reactant behavior of C-dots, and the carboxyl groups on C-dots are revealed for the first time as co-reactant sites for Ru(bpy) 3 2+-ECL. [Display omitted] Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with good biocompatibility have been extensively utilized as co-reactants for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+) system. However, the ECL intensity of this system is still relatively low and the mechanism of C-dots as co-reactants remains unclear, which greatly limits its further application in bio-analysis. In this work, we revealed that the carboxyl groups on C-dots are co-reactant sites for Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ECL by systematically investigating the contribution of carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surface of C-dots to the ECL intensity. Further treatment with hydrogen peroxide to increase the carboxyl-group content on C-dots resulted in a 10-fold increase in ECL intensity over the original Ru(bpy) 3 2+/C-dots system. This work provides new insights for the rational design of ECL systems with C-dots as co-reactants and offers new chances for further applications of C-dots in the field of ECL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the feasibility of the golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in predicting the intraoperative bleeding risk of scar pregnancy. Methods: A total of 49 patients with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) who underwent curettage and GRASP-MRI imaging were retrospectively selected between January 2021 and July 2022. The pharmacokinetic parameters, including Wash-in, Wash-out, time to peck (TTP), initial area under the curve (iAUC), the transfer rate constant (Ktrans), constant flow rate (Kep), and volume of extracellular space (Ve), were calculated. The amount of intraoperative bleeding was recorded by a gynecologist who performed surgery, after which patients were divided into non-hemorrhage (blood loss ≤ 200 mL) and hemorrhage (blood loss > 200 mL) groups. The measured pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically compared using the t-test or Mann–Whitney U test with a significant level set to be p < 0.05. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate each parameter's capability in intraoperative hemorrhage subgroup classification. Results: Twenty patients had intraoperative hemorrhage (blood loss > 200 mL) during curettage. The hemorrhage group had larger Wash-in, iAUC, Ktrans, Ve, and shorter TTP than the non-hemorrhage group (all P > 0.05). Wash-in had the highest AUC value (0.90), while Ktrans had the lowest value (0.67). Wash-out and Kep were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: GRASP DCE-MRI has the potential to forecast intraoperative hemorrhage during curettage treatment of CSP, with Wash-in exhibiting the highest predictive performance. This data holds promise for advancing personalized treatment. However, further study is required to compare its effectiveness with other risk factors identified through anatomical MRI and ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of fresh Cajanus cajan leaf powder on the growth performance, breeding economic benefits, slaughtering performance, meat quality, and intestinal microorganisms of finishing pigs. Twenty-four healthy Hainan black pigs with similar weights in the same batch were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the experimental group B, group C, and group D were supplemented with 10%, 15%, and 20% fresh Cajanus cajan leaf powder in the basal diet, respectively. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 270 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake of finishing pigs in the experimental groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the average daily gain and final weight of finishing pigs in the experimental group D decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, experimental group B, and experimental group D, the breeding profit of the experimental group C increased by 6.36%, 5.68%, and 9.99%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in the experimental groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), the meat color score of the experimental groups increased significantly (P<0.05), and the pH24 h value of pork in the experimental group B and group C increased significantly (P<0.05). The content of total amino acids, total essential amino acids and flavor amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the experimental groups increased significantly (P<0.05). The content of saturated fatty acids in the experimental group C and group D decreased significantly (P<0.05), the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly in the experimental group D (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the experimental group B increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the experimental group B and group C decreased (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia-shigella in the experimental groups decreased (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding fresh Cajanus cajan leaf powder to the diet can improve slaughter performance, meat quality, and flavor of fattening pigs, optimize intestinal microbial structure, reduce fat deposition and relative abundance of harmful bacteria, and adding 15% fresh Cajanus cajan leaf powder was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time measurement of heavy oil production is critical to ensure stable production. Due to the complex kinematic characteristics of heavy oil, existing methods cannot accurately measure its flow rate and water cut. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to measure the high water-cut heavy oil flow by using the differential pressure of the two-phase swirling flow in the pipe. For the swirling flow in the pipe, the radial differential pressure and the axial differential pressure exist simultaneously, which are very sensitive to the flow rate and water cut. The formation mechanism of the two kinds of differential pressure is analyzed theoretically, and their relationship with flow rate and water cut is studied by experiment and numerical simulation. The measurement model of heavy oil–water two-phase flow on the above relations is validated by field experiments. The radial differential pressure is only related to the two-phase flow rate, varying exponentially with the flow rate when the oil viscosity is greater than 10 000 mPa s. This characteristic is very useful for the heavy oil–water two-phase flow measurement. The axial differential pressure decreases with the increase in water cut in cases of water cut <85%, while it increases with the water cut in cases of water cut >85%. With the increase in water cut, the ratio of axial differential pressure to radial differential pressure first decreases and then increases. The relative errors of the established measurement model for flow rate and water cut are 0.19%–17.92% and 0.21%–15.5%, respectively, and more than 70% of the measurements with a relative error of less than 10%. The study of the heavy oil–water two-phase flow measurement method can optimize the measurement cost and accelerate the process of intelligent oilfield construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than 300 years of industrialization, it's extremely necessary to reflect on the industrial culture, and at the time the impact of artificial intelligence must be taken into account. On the basis of previous studies, this paper further clarifies the connotation of industrial culture and reflects on the alienation of human and the relationship of control and anti-control between human and machine in industrial culture, and it analyzes their evolution in the era of artificial intelligence. Finally, the value of industrial culture is systematically summarized, and the promoting function of artificial intelligence for industrial culture is analyzed in terms of user locking, value restoration, value remodeling, value increment and value dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The spliceosome-associated protein CWC22 of the spinal dorsal horn modulates nociception bidirectionally in mice; • Spp1 is a downstream gene of CWC22-mediated alternative splicing in inflammatory pain; • Spp1 splicing variants are variably regulated by CWC22, and Spp1 V4 is involved in nociception. Increasing evidence suggests that alternative splicing plays a critical role in pain, but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we employed complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce inflammatory pain in mice. A combination of genomics research techniques, lentivirus-based genetic manipulations, behavioral tests, and molecular biological technologies confirmed that splicing factor Cwc22 mRNA and CWC22 protein were elevated in the spinal dorsal horn at 3 days after CFA injection. Knockdown of spinal CWC22 by lentivirus transfection (lenti-sh Cwc22) reversed CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, whereas upregulation of spinal CWC22 (lenti- Cwc22) in naïve mice precipitated pain. Comprehensive transcriptome and genome analysis identified the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) as a potential gene of CWC22-mediated alternative splicing, however, only Spp1 splicing variant 4 (Spp1 V4) was involved in thermal and mechanical nociceptive regulation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that spinal CWC22 regulates Spp1 V4 to participate in CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Blocking CWC22 or CWC22-mediated alternative splicing may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of persistent inflammatory pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we tentatively assign the Y (4 2 3 0) as the vector tetraquark state with a relative P-wave between the scalar diquark pair, and explore the three-body strong decays Y (4 2 3 0) → D ̄ ∗ − D ∗ 0 π + , D ̄ ∗ − D 0 π + , J ∕ ψ π + π − and J ∕ ψ K + K − with the light-cone QCD sum rules by assuming contact four-meson coupling constants. The resulting partial decay widths are too small to account for the experimental data, and we expect those decays take place through an intermediate meson. We can search for the intermediate states and precisely measure the branching fractions to diagnose the nature of the Y states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Lidocaine, a common local anesthetic in medical practice, exhibits anticancer properties across various tumor types. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of lidocaine on oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cell viability and proliferation were assessed through CCK‐8 and EdU assays. Transwell assays were used to analyze cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to determine MMP9 levels. In vivo tumor growth was evaluated using a tumor xenograft model, and Ki67 and MMP9 levels were determined using immunohistochemistry. N6‐methyladenosine levels were assessed using dot plots and ELISA. mRNA and protein levels were examined through reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR or western blot analysis. The association between IGF2BP2 and caveolin‐1 was validated through RIP and luciferase reporter assays.Lidocaine exhibited suppressive effects on the viability, migration, invasion, and tumor formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. IGF2BP2 expression correlated with poor survival and was downregulated by lidocaine. Lidocaine reduced caveolin‐1 stability by decreasing IGF2BP2 levels. Caveolin‐1 overexpression partially reversed the suppressive effects of lidocaine on the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.Lidocaine exerts an anticancer role in oral squamous cell carcinoma via IGF2BP2‐mediated regulation of caveolin‐1 stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology is expected to provide a new solution to global water scarcity. However, the operating strategy of most existing devices is based on solar energy to adsorb at night and desorb during the day. The failure to operate multiple cycles results in the waste of fast sorption kinetics properties and increases both the required weight of adsorbents and the operating costs for the water production. Hence, by virtue of the fast sorption kinetics characteristics of Ni2Cl2(BTDD) with high water harvest performance, we developed a novel rotating operational strategy, in which one module works in the desorption, while the others work in the adsorption simultaneously and the adsorption/desorption states will alternate to keep the device harvesting water continuously. Notably, a continuous thermal-driven optimized device with three adsorbent modules was built, which can condense water vapor by simple natural convection without any auxiliary refrigeration system, generating 2.11 Lwater kgMOF−1 day−1 by 12 continuous harvest processes during the outdoor experiments, much higher than those of active AWH device with refrigeration system (0.7–1.3 Lwater kgMOF−1 d−1). Moreover, the proposed device can efficiently use electric heating or low-grade energy (e.g., waste heat) with natural cooling to achieve continuous operation, which can collect considerable water (1.41/0.70 Lwater kgMOF−1) at night/daytime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discovery novel VEGFR inhibitors, 12 novel asiatic acid derivatives were designed by computer-aided drug design (CADD) technology. Then, these novel asiatic acid derivatives were synthesized by introducing active groups at ring A and C-28 positions of asiatic acid. The structures of these novel analogues were confirmed by NMR and MS. Moreover, the anti-tumor activities of these novel asiatic acid derivatives on human hepatoma cells HepG2 and human gastric cancer cells SGC7901 were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, compounds I2 and II4 showed stronger cytotoxicity on tumor cells than asiatic acid and positive control drugs such as gefitinib and paclitaxel. In conclusion, our study synthesized twelve novel asiatic acid derivatives and determined compounds I2 and II4 had better anti-tumor effect which may be potential candidate compounds for tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the risk factors of residual back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). We retrospectively reviewed the records of 675 patients with OVCF treated with PVP from January 2015 to January 2020. Postoperative back pain intensity was assessed by the VAS score. Residual back pain was defined as the presence of postoperative moderate-severe pain (average VAS score≥4), and the variables included patient characteristics, baseline symptoms, imaging data and operation-related factors. Risk factors were identified with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Residual back pain occurred in 46 of the 675 patients included in the study, with an incidence rate of 6.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low Pre-BMD (OR = 3.576, P = 0.041), multiple vertebral fractures (OR = 2.795, P = 0.026), posterior fascia injury (OR = 4.083, P = 0.032), cement diffusion volume rate <0.2 (OR = 3.507, P = 0.013), facet joint violation (OR = 11.204, P < 0.001), and depression (OR = 3.562, P = 0.035) were positively correlated with residual back pain after PVP. Low pre-BMD (pre-bone mineral density), multiple vertebral fractures, posterior fascia injury, cement diffusion volume rate <0.2, facet joint violation and depression were the independent risk factors of residual back pain after PVP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous jumping of bioinspired robots in 3D spaces can greatly improve its motion flexibility, which is one of the highlights of research on jumping robots. However, most existing jumping robots can only move in a plane, and achieving stable continuous steering jumping is difficult. In this study, a realization method of stable continuous steering jumping for a bioinspired jerboa robot is proposed. On the basis of the jumping mechanism of the jerboa, the robot mechanism model is established, and the factors affecting motion feasibility and performance are analyzed in detail. Then, mathematical models of the stability indices of the robot jumping on uneven ground with redundant driving are established. Based on the proposed improved bee colony algorithm, the motion parameters and driving parameters can be determined. Simulation results show that the robot can realize stable continuous steering jumping in different terrains along the expected trajectory, thus proving the feasibility of the method proposed in this study. This study provides a theoretical reference for the high‐speed flexible motion of legged robots in 3D spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]