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Abstract Background Thalassemia trait (TT) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common conditions of microcytic hypochromic anemia (MHA) in pregnant women. Accurate discrimination between TT and IDA is an important issue, and better methods are urgently needed. Although considerable RBC formulas and indices have been developed since 1973, distinguishing between IDA and TT is still a challenging problem due to the diversity of various anemic populations. To address this problem, we assessed the diagnostic function of 43 different differential formulas in patients with microcytic anemia by using accuracy measures and recommending a new log-based differential formula. Methods The data of 430 pregnant women (229 with TT and 201 with IDA) were enrolled, and 44 formula performances were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The newly introduced logarithm-based formula XS-1 performs better than the general discriminant index with sensitivity and specificity of 82.10 and 89.05, which are better than other formulas. In the pregnant population, the Shine and Lal and Roth..SVM. formulas have shown excellent performance, while other formulas showed poorer discriminative abilities in our study than in the original authors. Conclusion The logarithm-based formula XS-1 can be used to screen thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia during the first trimester. Considering the particularity of pregnancy, medical personnel in different regions should choose a screening formula similar to that of the local region and population when identifying thalassemia in pregnancy. Any formula should be independently verified locally before use. For the convenience of the health care team and experimental scientists, a web-based tool has been established at http://yyy.yiyiy.top/XS-1/ by which users can easily get their desired screening test result without going through the underlying mathematical and computational details.

We propose an innovative design for interdigital transducers (IDTs), enabling phase modulation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with a dislocated electrode structure. By designing the size and arrangement of these dislocated IDTs, a novel type of Airy SAWs can be generated, exhibiting self-accelerating, self-bending, and self-healing characteristics. The acceleration of the generated Airy SAW is 0.081 cm−1. Furthermore, particles and bubbles can be precisely manipulated using the generated Airy SAW. The proposed dislocated IDTs could be used for generation of many other types of SAWs, hence holding great promise for applications including SAW shaping, particle manipulation/sorting, and acoustic sensing/detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have shown exceptional potential across a wide range of applications. However, their practical utilization is significantly greatly impeded by the lack of precise control over their structures and functionalities. Consequently, the development of controlled synthesis strategies for CPDs with well‐defined structures and tailored functionalities remains a critical challenge in the field. Here, the controlled synthesis of functional CPDs with reversible assembly properties via airflow‐assisted melt polymerization, followed by a one‐step post‐synthetic doping strategy, is reported. This synthetic approach achieves high product yield, uniform and tunable structures, as well as customized functionalities including solid‐state emission, enhanced catalytic performance (3.5–45 times higher than conventional methods), and selective gas storage in the resulting CPDs. The ability to tailor the properties of CPDs through controlled synthesis opens up new opportunities for their practical application in photocatalysis and gas storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) exhibiting tunable solid‐state emission (SSE) show great promise as rare‐earth‐free functional phosphors. Nevertheless, progress in this field has been hindered by the structural heterogeneity of CPDs and a lack of fundamental understanding of the underlying emission mechanisms. In this work, a universal approach is presented for the large‐scale, controlled synthesis of CPDs with tailored SSE properties. This strategy leverages intraparticle Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by incorporating selected fluorophores into self‐assembled CPDs nanostructures. The resulting CPDs exhibit exceptional SSE characteristics, such as high quantum yields, adjustable band structures, narrow emission linewidths, and excellent photostability in both solution and solid‐state. Moreover, the multifunctional capabilities of these CPDs are demonstrated, including efficient light harvesting, their potential as nanocarriers, and their application in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This findings establish self‐assembly‐mediated doping as a robust platform for engineering CPDs with unique SSE properties, underpinned by the principles of intraparticle FRET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution imagery captured by drones can detect critical components on high-voltage transmission towers, providing inspection personnel with essential maintenance insights and improving the efficiency of power line inspections. The high-resolution imagery is particularly effective in enhancing the detection of fine details such as screws. The QYOLO algorithm, an enhancement of YOLOv8, incorporates context queries into the feature pyramid, effectively capturing long-range dependencies and improving the network's ability to detect objects. To address the increased network depth and computational load introduced by query extraction, Ghost Separable Convolution (GSConv) is employed, reducing the computational expense by half and further improving the detection performance for small objects such as screws. The experimental validation using the Transmission Line Accessories Dataset (TLAD) developed for this project demonstrates that the proposed improvements increase the average precision (AP) for small objects by 5.5% and the F1-score by 3.5%. The method also enhances detection performance for overall targets, confirming its efficacy in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a simple, cost-effective method to enhance the photoluminescence intensity of monolayer MoS2. A hexagonal symmetric Au metasurface, made by polystyrene nanosphere lithography and metal coating, is developed to enhance the photoluminescence intensity of monolayer MoS2. By using nanospheres of different sizes, the localized surface plasmon resonances of the Au metasurfaces can be effectively tuned. By transferring monolayer MoS2 onto the Au metasurface, the photoluminescence signal of the monolayer MoS2 can be significantly enhanced up to 12-fold over a square-centimeter area. The simple, large-area, cost-effective fabrication technique could pave a new way for plasmon-enhanced light-mater interactions of atomically thin two-dimensional materials.