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Tau pathogenesis is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimers disease (AD). Although the events leading to initial tau misfolding and subsequent tau spreading in patient brains are largely unknown, traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Using a repetitive TBI (rTBI) paradigm, we report that rTBI induced somatic accumulation of phosphorylated and misfolded tau, as well as neurodegeneration across multiple brain areas in 7-month-old tau transgenic PS19 mice but not wild-type (WT) mice. rTBI accelerated somatic tau pathology in younger PS19 mice and WT mice only after inoculation with tau preformed fibrils and AD brain-derived pathological tau (AD-tau), respectively, suggesting that tau seeds are needed for rTBI-induced somatic tau pathology. rTBI further disrupted axonal microtubules and induced punctate tau and TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in the optic tracts of WT mice. These changes in the optic tract were associated with a decline of visual function. Treatment with a brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing molecule reduced rTBI-induced tau, TDP-43 pathogenesis, and neurodegeneration in the optic tract as well as visual dysfunction. Treatment with the microtubule stabilizer also alleviated rTBI-induced tau pathology in the cortices of AD-tau-inoculated WT mice. These results indicate that rTBI facilitates abnormal microtubule organization, pathological tau formation, and neurodegeneration and suggest microtubule stabilization as a potential therapeutic avenue for TBI-induced neurodegeneration.

This situated case study outlines how a place-based landscape template provided an integrative platform for the environmental arm of a cross-disciplinary international education initiative, the Three Brothers Project, wherein geographers at the University of Auckland worked alongside engineers at Tsinghua University in Beijing to support collaborative research with grassland and agricultural scientists at Qinghai University in western China. These collaborative efforts built upon strategic leadership at government and university level, an appropriate resource base and engaged practitioners who developed and embedded research opportunities that built upon a shared commitment to research on environmental values in the source zone of the Yellow River. We highlight how a landscape framing brought together divergent mindsets, methodologies and practices in this collaborative research, providing an effective platform to share experiences, discuss perspectives and develop research outcomes.

Glacial debris flows occurring on the Tibetan Plateau consistently result in significant property damage and loss of human life. A comprehensive field investigation was conducted in Tianmo valley along the Sichuan‐Tibet Highway to reveal the dynamics of a debris flow that occurred on 11 July 2018. Furthermore, a depth‐averaged multiphase debris flow model was proposed and employed to reconstruct the characteristics of the debris flow. The model derivation, implementation, evaluation, and application were presented to demonstrate its performance. The Voellmy model was chosen because it adequately accounts for both basal frictional effects and the entrainment phenomenon. The entrainment processes, the ice melting, and the lubrication effect, were also taken into consideration. Based on the numerical results combined with field investigation data, the kinetic characteristics of the glacial debris flow were analyzed. The Tianmo valley has a small area, but the volume and erosion rate of debris flows were much larger than that of two‐phase debris flows in the same location due to ice melting. The simulation results demonstrated that the glacial debris reached a peak velocity of 20 m/s. Additionally, the volume of the debris flow increased by 50% due to the erosion over a short runout distance of approximately 4,000 m. This increase was a result of the high velocity and abundant entrainment sources on the slope. This study aims to improve understanding of the high velocity and destructive potential of debris flows in the Tianmo valley. Plain Language Summary: Debris flows frequently affect people or infrastructure due to their large volumes and high velocities. A detailed field investigation was taken in Tianmo valley, Tibet Plateau, China in this paper to reveal the dynamics of debris flow hazard chains. In addition, an optimized numerical model was proposed and used to analyze the kinetic characteristics of a glacial debris flow that occurred on 11 July 2018. The basal friction, debris erosion, and ice melting were taken into account in the numerical simulation. Based on the numerical results combined with field investigation data, the kinetic characteristics of the glacial debris flow were obtained. Simulated results indicated that the movement process of a glacial debris flow moved approximately 4,000 m, reaching a maximum velocity of 20 m/s and 50% more materials through erosion along its path. It is expected that this study can help to better understand the significant destructive force in the Tianmo valley and establish evacuation and rescue plans for communities in Tibet Plateau. Key Points: The kinetic characteristics of a glacial debris flow in Tibet were investigatedAn optimized depth‐averaged multiphase debris flow model was derived, implemented, and evaluatedThe Tianmo debris flow exhibited high velocity, large volume, and high erosion rates due to ice melting and sufficient entrainment sources [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]