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Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is an important economic tree owing to its tasty fruit and adaptability to environmental stresses, especially drought. Currently, there is limited information about non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) genes that respond to abiotic stress in chestnuts. Here, a chestnut nsLTP, named CmnsLTP6.9, was identified and analyzed. The results showed that the CmnsLTP6.9 protein localized in the extracellular matrix had two splicing variants (CmnsLTP6.9L and CmnsLTP6.9S). Compared with CmnsLTP6.9L, CmnsLTP6.9S had an 87 bp deletion in the 5′-terminal. Overexpression of CmnsLTP6.9L in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to osmotic and drought stress. Upon exposure to osmotic and drought treatment, CmnsLTP6.9L could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activity, alleviating ROS damage. However, CmnsLTP6.9S-overexpressing lines showed no significant differences in phenotype, ROS content, and related enzyme activities compared with the wild type (WT) under osmotic and drought treatment. Moreover, lipid metabolism analysis confirmed that, unlike CmnsLTP6.9S, CmnsLTP6.9L mainly altered and upregulated many fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids, which implied that CmnsLTP6.9L and CmnsLTP6.9S played different roles in lipid transference in the chestnut. Taken together, we analyzed the functions of CmnsLTP6.9L and CmnsLTP6.9S, and demonstrated that CmnsLTP6.9L enhanced drought and osmotic stress tolerance through ROS scavenging and lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detection revealed a high infection rate of Grapevine virus A (GVA) in grapevine plants cultivated in China. Population structures of 14 GVA isolates from Chinese grapevines were studied by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of the coat protein (CP) gene. Results showed that while most isolates contained a population of sequence variants, with one being predominant, one isolate (AF) had three major variants, and two isolates (BSSL and BSBD) consisted of a number of sequence variants with almost the same detection frequencies. The estimation of genetic diversity intra isolates by sequence alignment analysis indicated a high variability in the CP gene and the occurrence of mixed infections in some grapevines by divergent sequence variants. RT-PCR analysis using variant-specific primers (H587/C995, GVA6591F/GVA6906R) and phylogenetic analyses of CP gene sequences suggested that all sequence variants from Chinese isolates were separated into two subgroups IA and IB in the group I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient storage and separation of holes and electrons pose significant challenges for catalytic reactions, particularly in the context of single-phase catalysis. Herein, V 2 C MXene, with its intrinsic polarized electric field, successfully overcomes this obstacle. To enhance hole storage, a multistep etching process is employed under reducing conditions to control the content of surface termination groups, thus exposing more defective active sites. The intrinsically polarized electric field confines holes to the surface of the layer and free electrons within the layer, leading to a lag in e - release compared to h + . The quantities of stored holes and electrons are measured to be 18.13 µmol g -1 and 106.37 µmol g -1 , respectively. Under dark, V 2 C demonstrates excellent and stable dark-catalytic performance, degrading 57.91% of tetracycline (TC 40 mg L -1 ) and removing 23% of total organic carbon (TOC) after 140 min. In simulated sunlight and near-infrared light, the corresponding degradation rates reach 72.24% and 79.54%, with corresponding TOC removal rates of 49% and 48%, respectively. The hole and electron induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects contribute to a long-lasting and enhanced broad-spectrum mineralization of V 2 C MXene. This study provides valuable insights into the research and application of all-weather MXene energy storage catalytic materials., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)