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Polystichum suiyangense (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Suiyang County, Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated. It is a member of P. sect. Sphaenopolystichum and similar to P. auriculum, P. bifidum, and P. martinii, but differs from them in its frond texture, leaf color, scales on petiole and rachis, pinna shape, and pinna apex. The new species is currently known only from the type locality and is classified as CR (critically endangered) following the IUCN criteria.

Polystichum kuankuoshuiense Bo Wang, Q.W.Sun & Li Bing Zhang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3). Type: — CHINA. Guizhou Province: Suiyang County, Wangcao Township, Xiashi Village, 28°14′51.2304″N, 107°12′56.79″E, elev. ca. 930 m, 18 June 2018, Bo Wang wb-201806093 (holotype GZTM!; isotypes CDBI!, GZTM!). Diagnosis: —The new species is very similar to Polystichum auriculum Ching (1949: 309) by having deeply lobed pinnae and a free lobe on each pinna that is lobed to the midrib, but differs from the latter by having a strong and thick rhizome (3–5 cm long, ca. 3 cm in diam.) with numerous proliferous bulbils, bicolorous petiole scales, pinnatipartite pinnae, an acuminate pinna apex, and ca. 15 lobes per pinna; in contrast, P. auriculum has a normal rhizome (Polystichum kuankuoshuiense is also similar to P. bifidum Ching (1958: 245) in having deeply lobed pinnae, a ratio of pinna length to width of ca. 4, an acuminate pinna apex, and ca. 15 lobes per pinna, but differs from the latter in having a strong and thick rhizome with numerous proliferous bulbils; in contrast, P. bifidum has a normal rhizome with few proliferous bulbils, concolorous petiole scales. Polystichum kuankuoshuiense is somewhat similar to P. suiyangense Bo Wang, Q.W.Sun & Li Bing Zhang (2022: 94) in having deeply lobed pinnae and a free lobe on each pinna that is lobed to the midrib, but differs from the latter in having much larger plants and papery and light green lamina with pinnae 18–30 pairs; in contrast, P. suiyangense has much smaller plants, leathery and dark green lamina with pinnae 12–22 pairs. A detailed comparison is available in Table 1. Description:—Plants perennial, evergreen, 20–40 cm tall. Rhizome erect, slight long, 3–5 cm long, ca. 3 cm in diam. including stipe bases, with base of remnant old petioles, proliferous bulbils sometimes present at base. Roots up to 20 cm long, 2–3 mm in diam. Fronds cespitose, 15–30 per rhizome. Fronds 25–37 cm; petiole 8–12 cm long, 1.5–2 mm in diam. at base, adaxially canaliculate, stramineous, densely covered with scales; scales bicolor, long lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, ca. 3–7 × 0.5–1.2 mm, thickly membranous, margins short serrate, apex acuminate to caudate, luster; scales on distal petiole similar but narrower. Lamina long lanceolate, 12–32 × 3.5–4.5 cm, acuminate-caudate towards apex, slightly contracted towards base, 2.5–3.5 cm wide at base; rachis 1.2–1.5 mm in diam. about middle, stramineous, without proliferous bulbils, adaxially sulcate, sparsely scaly, gradually reduce upwards, scales similar to stipe scales but smaller and narrower; 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 18–30 pairs, 1.8–2.2 × 0.8–1.2 cm, alternate, shortly petiolate, pinnatipartite, light green to green, nearly concolorous on both surfaces, nearly rectangular to long triangular lanceolate, papery, lower pairs obliquely ovate or nearly triangular lanceolate attached almost at right angles to rachis, upper pairs nearly rectangular to long triangular lanceolate, spreading to slightly ascending, acroscopic base auriculate, basiscopic base cuneate, apex acute and terminating with mucronate spine; lobes 6–8 pairs, ascendant, obovate, bases narrowly cuneate, apices 2–4-toothed or no teeth, apices of lobes acute, basal acroscopic lobes obviously larger; adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely scaly; microscales light brown, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, ca. 0.2 × 1.5 mm, margin serrated. Lamina texture papery; venation pinnate, lateral veins dichotomous on auricles and other lobes, distinct or slightly distinct abaxially, indistinct adaxially. Sori small, ca. 1–1.2 mm in diam. when mature, abaxial and terminal on veinlets, nearly medial; indusia present, light brown, entire, evanescent. Distribution and ecology:— Known only from the type locality at an elevation of ca. 934 m. This population was observed to grow on a karst limestone. IUCN Red List category: —Following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2017), Polystichum kuankuoshuiense is assessed as CR (Critically Endangered) based on the fact that only one population with fewer than 20 individuals was found in the field. Etymology:— Derived from the type locality, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve (Guizhou, China). Vernacular name:— AEOiẆąae (kuan kuo shui er jue). Additional specimens studied (paratypes):— CHINA. Guizhou: Guiyang city, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Germplasm Garden, cultivated (introduced by Bo Wang from the type locality), 18 June 2018, Bo Wang wb-201806088 (CDBI!, GZTM!)., Published as part of Wang, Bo, Sun, Qing-Wen, Wang, Ze-Huan & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2023, Polystichum kuankuoshuiense (sect. Sphaenopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern from Guizhou, China, pp. 144-150 in Phytotaxa 592 (2) on pages 145-148, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7840512, {"references":["Ching, R. - C. (1949) The studies of Chinese ferns - XXXV. Bulletin of Fan Memorial Institute of Biology New Series 1: 267 - 317.","Ching, R. - C. (1958) Icones Filicum Sinicarum, vol. 5. Science Press, Beijing, 250 plates."]}

Wang, Bo, Wang, Ze-Huan, Chen, Chun-Ling, Xu, Wen-Fen, Sun, Qing-Wen (2021): Disporum dushanense (Colchicaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa 528 (2): 144-148, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.8

Polystichum suiyangense Bo Wang, Q.W.Sun & Li Bing Zhang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2). Type: — CHINA. Guizhou Province: Suiyang County, Jianba Town, Guanyinyan, 28°5′15″N, 107°4′49″E, elev. ca. 830 m, 17 June 2018, Bo Wang wb-201806088 (holotype GZTM!; isotypes CDBI!, GZTM!). Diagnosis: —The new species is most similar to Polystichum martinii Christ (1902: 263), but differs from the latter in having leathery and dark green laminae (vs. papery and yellowish green laminae), densely scaly (vs. sparsely scaly) petioles and rachises with scales that are brown to bicolor and chartaceous (vs. brown and membranous), and pinnatipartite pinnae (vs. pinnatipartite to pinnatisect pinnae). The new species is also similar to P. auriculum Ching (1949: 309), and differs from the latter in having leathery and dark green laminae (vs. papery and yellowish green laminae), densely scaly (vs. sparsely scaly) distal petioles and rachises with scales that are brown to bicolor and chartaceous (vs. brown to dark brown or castaneous and thick-membranous), pinnatipartite pinnae (vs. pinnatilobate to pinnatisect pinnae), and nearly medial sori (vs. marginal sori). The new species is further similar to P. bifidum Ching (1958: pl. 242), but differs from the latter in having petioles of ca. 1/5 of the laminae in length (vs. ca. ½ of the laminae in length), dark green (vs. green laminae, dense petiole and rachis scales (vs. sparse petiole and rachis scales), rounded pinna apex (vs. acute pinna apex), entire auricles (vs. lobed auricles) (Table1). Description:—Plants perennial, evergreen, 12–26 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. including stipe bases, with base of remnant old petioles. roots up to 15 cm long, 2–3 mm in diam. Fronds cespitose, 6–12 per rhizome. Fronds 12–25 cm; petiole 3–8 cm long, 0.5–1.2 mm in diam. at base, adaxially canaliculate, stramineous, densely covered with scales; scales brown to bicolor, lanceolate to long triangular lanceolate, ca. 3–4.5 × 0.6–1 mm, chartaceous, margins shortly fimbriate or only with short teeth, apex acuminate to caudate, matte; scales on distal petiole similar but narrower. Lamina long lanceolate, 7–19 × 2–3.5 cm, caudate acuminate towards the apex uncontracted or slightly contracted towards base, 1.5–2.5 cm wide at base, dark green, nearly concolorous on both surfaces; rachis 0.4– 0.8 mm in diam. about its middle, stramineous, without proliferous bulbils, adaxially sulcate, densely scaly, gradually sparse upwards, scales similar to stipe scales but narrower; 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 12–22 pairs, 1.5–2.3 × 0.6–1 cm, alternate, shortly petiolate, pinnatipartite, nearly rectangular, leathery, lower pairs obliquely ovate or nearly oblong attached almost at right angles to the rachis, upper pairs shorter and ovate or nearly long ovate, spreading to slightly ascending, acroscopic base auriculate, basiscopic base cuneate, apex acute and terminating without mucronate spine; lobes 4–6 pairs, lobes ascendant, obovate, bases narrowly cuneate, apices 1–2-toothed or no teeth, apices of lobes acute apically, basal acroscopic lobes obviously largest; adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely scaly; microscales light brown, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, ca. 0.5 × 1.2 mm, margin serrated. Lamina texture leathery; venation pinnate, lateral veins dichotomous on auricles and other lobes, slightly distinct abaxially, indistinct adaxially. Sori small, ca. 1 mm in diam. when mature, abaxial and terminal on veinlets, nearly medial; indusia present, light brown, entire, evanescent. Distribution and ecology:— Known only from the type locality at an elevation of ca. 830 m. This population grows in karst limestone under the canopy of a broad-leaved forest dominated by Schefflera delavayi (Franchet 1896: 307) Harms (1900: 486) (Araliaceae), and accompanied by Polystichum alcicorne (Baker 1888: 229) Diels (1900: 194) (Dryopteridaceae), Polystichum dangii P.S. Wang (2001: 531) (Dryopteridaceae), Dryopteris bodinieri (Christ 1902: 248–250) C. Christensen (1905: 204) (Dryopteridaceae), Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance 1866: 253) Ching (1938: 302– 304) (Dryopteridaceae), Elatostema sp. (Urticaceae), etc. IUCN Red List category: —Following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2017), Polystichum suiyangense is assessed as CR (Critically Endangered) based on the fact that only one population with fewer than 50 individuals was found in the field. Etymology:— Derived from the type locality, Suiyang (Guizhou, China). Vernacular name: —OiḆH¨ (sui yang er jue). Additional specimens studied (paratypes):— CHINA. Guizhou: Guiyang city, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Germplasm Garden, cultivated, 17 June 2018, Bo Wang wb-201806087, introduced by Bo Wang from the type locality (GZTM); CHINA. Guizhou: Suiyang County, Jianba Town, Guanyinyan. 25th March 2022, Bo Wang wb-202203001 (GZTM)., Published as part of Wang, Bo, Sun, Qing-Wen, Wang, Ze-Huan, Chen, Chun-Ling, Xu, Wen-Fen & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2022, Polystichum suiyangense (sect. Sphaenopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern from Guizhou, China, pp. 93-99 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on pages 94-97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7138073, {"references":["Christ, H. (1902) Filices Bodinierianae. Bulletin de l'Academie Internationale de Geographie Botanique 11 (153 - 154): 189 - 274.","Ching, R. C. (1949) The studies of Chinese ferns - XXXV. Bulletin of Fan Memorial Institute of Biology New Series 1 (3): 267 - 317.","Ching, R. C. (1958) Icones Filicum Sinicarum, vol. 5. Beijing: Science Press, 250 plates.","Franchet, A. R. (1896) Saxifragaceae (I), Crassulaceae, et Combretaceae novae e flora sinensi. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 10 (17): 281 - 308. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 35707]","Harms, H. A. T. (1900) Araliaceae. In: Diels, L. (ed.) Die Flora von Central-China. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29 (3 - 4): 486 - 490.","Baker, J. G. (1888) On two recent collections of ferns of western China. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 26 (7): 225 - 233.","Diels, F. L. E. (1900) Aufzaehlungen der in Central-China beobachteten Pflanzen. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29 (2): 186 - 211.","Wang, P. - S. & Wang, X. - Y. (2001) Pteridophyte flora of Guizhou. Guizhou Science & Technology Press, Guiyang, pp. 517 - 552.","Christensen, C. F. A. (1905) Index Filicum. H. Hagerup. 744 pp.","Hance, H. F. (1866) Adversaria in stirpes imprimis Asiae orientalis; criticas minusve notas interjectis novarum plurimar. Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, ser. 5 (5): 202 - 261.","Ching, R. C. (1938) A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference of some species from neighbouring regions. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology: Botany 8 (5): 363 - 507."]}

Wang, Ze-Huan, Wang, Yi, Liu, Bao-Lin, Wang, Chao-He, Fu, Xian-Guo (2021): A new species of Tetrataenium (Tordyliinae, Apiaceae) from SW Yunnan, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 491 (1): 85-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.10