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This paper considers the effect of the anisotropic surface tension on the morphological stability of the planar interface during directional solidification. When the expression exhibiting the four-fold symmetry is included, the modified absolute stability criterion is obtained by employing the multi-variable expansion method. The linear stability analysis reveals that for the given temperature gradient, as the anisotropic surface tension parameter increases, the stability zone tends to decrease.

This paper firstly builds a relational model between entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of university graduates by literature review and surveys to entrepreneurs. Then a type of questionnaire is designed to survey graduate students in five regions of China. Finally, we extract data from the recycling questionnaires and build up regression model to find out the influences of entrepreneurial attitudes (such as the cognitions to entrepreneurial purposes, qualities, competences and environment) and background differences on entrepreneurial intentions. This study shows that postgraduates' entrepreneurial intentions conform to the “two force driving” model, which consists of internal driving forces and external pulling power. Specifically, there is the background-differentiated effect owing to significant differences in entrepreneurial intentions of postgraduates in aspect of gender, parents' entrepreneurial experiences and household income. In addition, entrepreneurial attitudes have internal motivation-stimulated effect, quality-intensified effect, ability-combined effect and external environment-constrained effect on the promotion of entrepreneurial intentions.

Closed-loop supply chain buy back contract of anti-disruption when demand and production cost disruptions is studied in this paper. The results show that: (2) closed-loop supply chain has a certain robustness under the condition of buying-back contract. (2) When emergent event makes the market demand and cost to large disturbances, the buy-back contract cannot coordinate the closed-loop supply chain. But the adjusted buy-back contract TG (q, w, b, w0, p0) has the nature of anti-disruption, and it can coordinate the closed-loop supply chain whether before or after the emergency. (3) In the short term, the recycling used products is not affected by the emergent event. Therefore, after the emergency occurs, the strategy for recycling used products can be temporarily unadjusted. These Conclusions not only can enrich and perfect the theory of closed-loop supply chain disruption management, but also can guide enterprises of closed-loop supply chain to actively prevent and respond to emergencies, and effectively mitigate the adverse impact of emergent events.

Closed-loop supply chain based on third-party take back model (TPT-CLSC) is the key issue on business area. Making use of the production of supply chain response time, this paper studies TPT-CLSC decision-making mode based on delivery response time using game theory, and analyzes the optimal delivery response time and pricing strategies of decentralized decision-making and centralized decision-making which are two of TPT-CLSC model. We can draw a conclusion: the latter excel the former, at the same time, delivery response time in TPT-CLSC can not affected by decision model, which the two model's delivery response time is equal. In the end, author uses numerical analysis verifying the accuracy of above conclusions.

This paper studies the incentive mechanism of RSC in government regulation. On the condition of subsidies and punishment being an independent parameters, the government may choose three incentive programs: first is the program of subsidies and punishment simultaneous implementation, second is the program of only punishment, third is the program of only subsidies. We can educe that from the comparison of three different programs, the first program is the optimal incentive program. The results have important theoretical and practical significance to government making-decision of environmental policy. And the results laid the theoretical foundation to further study government and enterprise contracts.

Less than enough investment is the major obstacle to environmental protection in developing countries. Although China in recent years increasing gradually total investment of environmental protection, there exists large investment gap comparing with environmental problems which we are facing. According to the data of GDP, public finance expenditure in proportion of GDP, structure of public finance expenditure, the natural population growth rate and the rate of social environmental protection investment from 2002 to 2007, using degree of grey incidence analyzes the relationship between Chinese environmental protection investment with those index, we have depth understanding of Chinese environmental protection investment. The conclusion shows that GDP and public finance expenditure in proportion of GDP have higher degree of incidence with Chinese environmental protection investment. Therefore, this paper believes government is the major factor in environmental protection investment. Now, government should enhance environmental protection investment, carry out environmental investment priorities growth strategy in gross investment.

The several coordination methods of reverse supply chain is studied in this paper. Firstly, based on Non-cooperative model and a cooperative model, we can have the results: manufacturer can not receive the coordination without the effectual coordination mechanism. For coordination to realize maximal profit of both sides and channel, four coordination methods are given. Then, the several methods are compared, and given the validity and localization. Finally, the results are proved by numeral example. This has great help to implement the reverse supply chain and design the coordination mechanism.

In this paper, the FAHP method is adopted to assess the supplier and each alternative design scheme separately with evaluation class and performance indicator. The integrated performance indicator of each design scheme is obtained by aggregating evaluation class of its supplier and its performance indicator is used to be the criteria for measurement and selection. An illustrative example with the development of LCD in a company is introduced to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper first constructs the signaling game model in reverse supply chain under incomplete information, then analyzes the perfect Bayesian equilibrium and deducts the conditions under which separating equilibrium, pooling equilibrium and semi-separating equilibrium occurred. The best strategy for related manufacturers is also proposed. The conclusion in this paper may be helpful to enrich the theory of reverse supply chain, and offer guides to relevant practitioners.