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In the current research context of precision treatment of malignant tumors, the advantages of immunotherapy are unmatched by conventional antitumor therapy, which can prolong progression-free survival and overall survival. The search for new targets and novel combination therapies can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce adverse effects. Since current research targets for immunotherapy mainly focus on lymphocytes, little research has been done on erythrocytes. Nucleated erythroid precursor stem cells have been discovered to play an essential role in tumor progression. Researchers are exploring new targets and therapeutic approaches for immunotherapy from the perspective of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Recent studies have shown that different subtypes of EPCs have specific surface markers and distinct biological roles in tumor immunity. CD45+ EPCs are potent myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressants that reduce the patient’s antitumor immune response. CD45− EPCs promote tumor invasion and metastasis by secreting artemin. A specific type of EPC also promotes angiogenesis and provides radiation protection. Therefore, EPCs may be involved in tumor growth, infiltration, and metastasis. It may also be an important cause of anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy resistance. This review summarizes recent research advances in erythropoiesis, EPC features, and their impacts and processes on tumors.

The surface charge distribution in a surface dielectric barrier discharge driven by repetitive pulse bias superimposed on AC voltage is measured using the Pockels effect of an electro-optic crystal. The impact of surface charge on surface-breakdown characteristics is investigated by varying the phase of the pulse superimposition. It is demonstrated that the surface charge accumulation varies at different superimposition phases depending on the potential difference between the two electrodes. The accumulated positive/negative surface charge will facilitate the following surface discharge when the AC voltage polarity changes. In addition, different spatiotemporal characteristics of the surface charge distribution are presented when changing the polarity of superimposed pulses. Positive surface discharges are usually easier to develop than negative surface discharges due to their lower breakdown voltage caused by the accumulation of negative surface charges near the edges of exposed electrodes. The decay of positive surface charge is dominated by neutralization of negative surface charge and negatively charged particles (free electrons and negative ions) from the volume above the dielectric. There are two decay modes of positive surface charge: exponential decay and linear decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colorimetric sensor has made great achievements in glucose sensing and diabetes prediction due to its simplicity, visualization, and lack of need for sophisticated instruments. The noninvasive sampling method has received more attention. Herein, a colorimetric agarose gel sensor was constructed by combining Cu-doped carbon nanowires (CuCNWs) with excellent peroxidase-like activity and glucose oxidase (GOx). CuCNWs can effectively catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a maximum catalytic rate of 12.5 × 10–8 M s–1, which is superior to most nanomaterials reported. The modification by PVP can significantly improve the stability of CuCNWs under physiological conditions without affecting their catalytic activity. By introducing GOx, the sensitive detections of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose in a wide range with the limit of detection as low as 30 nM and 0.2 μM can be achieved. Notably, the colorimetric agarose gel sensor exhibits a higher sensitivity than commercial test strips in detecting glucose in solution. Furthermore, it was applied to the detection of urine glucose. Diabetic urine can be easily distinguished from normal urine by judging color changes with the naked eye. This work is of great significance in guiding the construction of colorimetric agarose gel sensors and expands the applications of nanozymes in the biosensing fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the discharge uniformity at different cycles under different airflow velocities in nanosecond‐pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. Based on a proper choice of the airflow velocity and discharge parameters, diffuse discharges can be maintained at an air gap of 5–7 mm. At higher airflow velocities, the discharge may transition to a complex mode, in which the diffuse and filamentary regions are maintained simultaneously. When the discharge is operated at a higher frequency, higher voltage, or smaller gas gap, the area of diffuse discharge can be expanded to a certain extent. The discharge characteristics indicate that airflow lowers the gas temperature and modulates the preionization degree, which induces the generation of a diffuse discharge for a properly adjusted airflow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]