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21. Evolution Attack On Neural Networks

Author

Luo, YiGui, Yang, RuiJia, Sha, Wei, Ding, WeiYi, Sun, YouTeng, and Wang, YiSi

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Many studies have been done to prove the vulnerability of neural networks to adversarial example. A trained and well-behaved model can be fooled by a visually imperceptible perturbation, i.e., an originally correctly classified image could be misclassified after a slight perturbation. In this paper, we propose a black-box strategy to attack such networks using an evolution algorithm. First, we formalize the generation of an adversarial example into the optimization problem of perturbations that represent the noise added to an original image at each pixel. To solve this optimization problem in a black-box way, we find that an evolution algorithm perfectly meets our requirement since it can work without any gradient information. Therefore, we test various evolution algorithms, including a simple genetic algorithm, a parameter-exploring policy gradient, an OpenAI evolution strategy, and a covariance matrix adaptive evolution strategy. Experimental results show that a covariance matrix adaptive evolution Strategy performs best in this optimization problem. Additionally, we also perform several experiments to explore the effect of different regularizations on improving the quality of an adversarial example.

Published
2019

24. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), cell-mediated immunity, and survival in the context of cancer

Author

Steel, Jennifer L, Antoni, Michael, Pathak, Ritambhara, Butterfield, Lisa H, Vodovotz, Yoram, Savkova, Alexandra, Wallis, Marsh, Wang, Yisi, Jing, Hui, Grammer, Elizabeth, Burke, Robin, Brady, Mya, and Geller, David A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Prevention, Cancer, Rare Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Child, Female, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Male, Neoplasms, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adverse childhood experiences, Trauma, Immunity, Neurosciences, Psychology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

PurposeAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to be associated with increased risk of mortality. The biobehavioral mechanisms linking adverse events and survival in cancer patients remain unclear. The aims of the study were to: (1) examine the rates and types of early adverse events in patients diagnosed with cancer; (2) investigate the association of adverse events with circulating cytokines, representing immune status of the patient; and (3) test whether immune markers mediated the association between early adverse events and survival while adjusting for other factors that are associated with immunity (e.g., fatigue) and survival (e.g., depression).Patients and methodsThe patients were recruited from an outpatient oncology clinic. Patients were administered a battery of questionnaires including the Traumatic Events Survey and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. Blood was collected and serum levels of cytokines were assessed to characterize immune status. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and Cox regression were performed to address study aims.ResultsOf the 408 patients, 66% reported at least one ACE. After adjusting for demographic, disease-specific factors, and psychological/behavioral factors; having had a major upheaval between parents during childhood or adolescence was associated with poorer survival [β = -0.702, HR = 0.496, p = 0.034]. Lower levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) explained, in part, the link between this early adverse event and poorer survival as when IL-2 was entered into the model, a major upheaval between one's parents and survival was no longer significant [β = -0.612, HR = 0.542, p = 0.104].ConclusionHaving experienced an ACE was associated with lower IL-2 levels-a growth factor for anti-inflammatory T-regulatory lymphocytes-central in contemporary immunotherapy, as well as poorer survival in those diagnosed with cancer. Since lower IL-2 levels also explained, in part, the link between the ACE involving parental upheaval and survival, there is support for a psychoneuroimmunological model of disease course in this vulnerable population.

Published
2020

32. Research on Autonomous Driving Perception Test Based on Adversarial Examples

Author

Wang, Yisi, Sha, Wei, Pan, Zhongming, Luo, Yigui, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Liu, Qi, editor, Liu, Xiaodong, editor, Shen, Tao, editor, and Qiu, Xuesong, editor

Published
2021
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43. Outcomes after Perioperative Transient Ischemic Attack Following Cardiac Surgery

Author

Jain, Urvish, primary, Jain, Bhav, additional, Brown, James, additional, Sultan, Ibrahim B., additional, Thoma, Floyd, additional, Anetakis, Katherine M., additional, Balzer, Jeffrey R., additional, Subramaniam, Kathirvel, additional, Yousef, Sarah, additional, Wang, Yisi, additional, Nogueira, Raul, additional, and Thirumala, Parthasarathy D., additional

Published
2024
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