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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) porous fabric composite has been demonstrated to improve the shear properties of MRF. Non-woven fabric is manufactured from a multitude of fibers through spinning or melt-blown processing methods. As the fundamental unit of non-woven fabric, fibers without spinning or melt-blown directly influence the shear properties of magnetorheological (MR) materials. However, the effect of unprocessed fiber on the shear properties of MR grease remains uncertain. This study introduces a novel MR grease with fiber threads (MRG-FT) by incorporating fiber threads into MRG. The effects of fiber thread length, mass fraction, and material type on MRG shear stress are investigated. Compared to conventional MRG, the maximum shear stress of MRG-FT is increased by 31.8% under the magnetic field of 0.64 T. A novel Herschel–Bulkley–Fiber (H-B-F) model that considers fiber parameters (tenacity, mass fraction, etc.) is proposed based on the H–B model. To validate the enhancement of MRG by fiber threads, a linear damper based on shear mode has been designed and tested. The results demonstrate a 23.8% increase in the maximum damping force of MRG-FT compared to conventional MRG under an excitation current of 1.6 A. This study reveals the influence of fiber threads, which directly influences the shear properties of MRG upon the application of the magnetic field. The maximum damping force of the MRG can be increased by 23.8% by only 1.5% mass fraction of fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blend is a fully degradable polymer blend with balanced strength and toughness. However, the performance of PLA/PBAT blends deteriorates significantly after undergoing physical aging. In this work, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (P(MMA-co-GMA)) were used respectively for reactive compatibilization by dynamic vulcanization. The effects of dynamic vulcanization on the interfacial compatibility and thus on the mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT blends were evaluated using nanomechanical mapping. Results show that the degree of interfacial compatibilization can be determined by the interface length of microscopic Young's moduli distribution between PLA and PBAT. A longer interfacial length indicates an enhanced interfacial interaction between the components in the blend, which leads to improved macroscopic mechanical properties. Moreover, the improvement of interfacial compatibility allows the PLA/PBAT blends to maintain higher mechanical properties after physical aging, which provides an experimental basis for the design of PLA-based blends with both high mechanical properties and resistance to physical aging. [Display omitted] • Visualization of interfacial compatibilization between PLA and PBAT using AFM-based nanomechanical measurements. • Comparing the effects of different interfacial compatibilization methods in PLA/PBAT blends. • PLA/PBAT/P(MMA-co-GMA) blend has excellent mechanical properties and physical aging resistance. • The enhancement mechanism of interfacial compatibilization on the mechanical properties of PLA-based blends was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional linear material (CoO-CoP-CNT) was successfully prepared and studied as a sulfur-loaded material for the cathode. This heterostructure material exhibits a high specific surface area (115.29 m2 g−1) and rich active sites, which effectively suppress the volume expansion of sulfur and enhance the catalysis and adsorption of LiPS. As a result, it mitigates the shuttle effect of LiPS and improves the electrochemical performance of the battery. The initial discharge capacity of the battery employing the sulfur carrier was measured at 979.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and it demonstrated a capacity of 367.9 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles of charging and discharging. At 2 C, the initial discharge capacity of S/CoO-CoP-CNT reached 743.7 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention rate of 42.0% after 500 cycles. These findings indicate that the battery with S/CoO-CoP-CNT positive electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance. • CoO-CoP-CNT was introduced into lithium-S battery as adsorption-conversion material. • CoP can effectively promote the adsorption and catalytic conversion of CoO to polysulfide. • CoO-CoP-CNT with a superior performance was selected by composition regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choriocarcinoma is a rare gestational trophoblastic tumour. Propofol is one of the commonly used intravenous anaesthetic agents and exerts an anti-tumour role in multiple cancers. However, the effect of propofol on choriocarcinoma has not been well explored. We investigated the effect of propofol on JEG-3 cells. The effects of propofol on cell proliferation and metastasis were determined. The expression of miR-495 was suppressed while Twist1 overexpressed. Cell viability, migration and invasion were respectively measured using CCK-8 assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. The expression of miR-495, AKT1 and Twist1 was detected using qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression levels of EMT- and proliferation-related factors, and TGF-β pathway proteins. Propofol treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and reduced the releasing of EMT. miR-495 was up-regulated by profocol, and miR-495 inhibition reversed the effect of propofol on cell proliferation and metastasis in JEG-3 cells. Furthermore, propofol decreased the expression of AKT1 and Twist1 through up-regulating miR-495, and Twist1 participated in the regulation of propofol on TGF-β signalling inactivation in JEG-3 cells. This study demonstrates that propofol suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis through up-regulation of miR-495 and down-regulation of Twist1 in JEG3 cells. Propofol inhibits proliferation and metastasis in JEG-3 cells; miR-495 is up-regulated by propofol in JEG-3 cells; miR-495 suppression blocks the effect of propofol in JEG-3 cells; Propofol decreases Twist1 expression through up-regulating miR-495; Propofol inhibits TGF-β signalling via regulation of Twist1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Few studies have investigated the spatial variation in road traffic indicators associated with lung cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between road traffic-related indicators and lung cancer risk and to estimate its spatial variability. The population-based case control study was conducted, including all the newly diagnosed lung cancer patients (cases) and colorectal cancer patients (controls) in Jiading District, Shanghai from 2014 to 2016. Traffic intensity variable (traffic intensity in a 500 m buffer), residential distance to major road or highway, and greenness exposure at the residence were estimated for each individual. We conducted unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, smoking status and NDVI values and geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR). The clustering of lung cancer risk was analyzed by Bernoulli model of the SaTScan software. This study included 1461 lung cancer patients and 954 colorectal cancer patients. In multivariate logistic regression, smoking [OR 1.25 95% CI (1.15–1.35)], living <50 m from the major road [OR 1.43 95% CI (1.02–2.03)] were significantly associated with lung cancer risk. Residential Proximity to highway, residential greenness, and traffic intensity were not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. The GWLR model showed that the degree of correlation between residential proximity to major road and lung cancer risk varied geographically. The SaTScan results showed a lung cancer cluster in the southwest of Jiading District, Shanghai. Our study suggested that the distance from residence to the main road was significantly associated with lung cancer risk, which varied geographically. It is helpful to further study the traffic factors' spatial variation related to lung cancer risk and carry out reasonable regional planning. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • We assessed the varied effects of traffic indicators on lung cancer in different regions. • Research subjects were all newly diagnosed lung or colorectal cancer patients from 2014 to 2016 in Jiading District. • The geographically weighted logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the regional lung cancer risk. • There was the regional difference in the impact of residential distance from the main road on lung cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoclasts (OC) are bone-specific multinucleated giant cells (MNCs) derived from the monocyte/macrophage hematopoietic lineage cells. Inhibiting osteoclast formation is considered as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of the pathological bone loss. In this study, we investigated effects of 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide A (HJA), an ent-abietane diterpenoid isolated from the dried root of Euphorbia fischeriana , on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL. The results showed that HJA significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). HJA also prevented bone resorption by mature osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of osteoclastic marker genes, such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (Cts K) and MMP-9, was significantly inhibited by HJA. Furthermore, HJA also significantly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPK. Our results indicate that HJA has an inhibitory role in the bone loss by preventing osteoclast formation as well as its bone resorptive activity. Therefore, HJA may be useful as a therapeutic reagent for bone loss-associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, AC charging piles are widely used, and with the increasing number of charging piles, the harmonic pollution generated by them becomes more serious and affects the power quality of the grid. Aiming at the problem of harmonic control of the single-phase AC charging pile, it is decided to apply the active filter technology. The single-phase parallel active filter (PAPF) is selected according to the characteristics of the charging pile. The single harmonic detection method is studied based on instantaneous reactive power theory, and a new adaptive low-pass filter with fixed-step size is proposed to improve the performance of harmonic detection by combining the least mean square (LMS) and the least fourth-order moment (LMF) adaptive algorithms. The PAPF control part adopts the composite control strategy of inner and outer loop combined with repetitive control to complete the voltage stabilization control, harmonic tracking, and compensation. Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, the output waveforms of the low-pass filter link are simulated and analyzed, and the prototype experiment is carried out. The results verify that the algorithm can improve the performance of harmonic detection. Finally, the single-phase PAPF system simulation is established and the harmonic compensation capability of system is analyzed by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results demonstrate that single-phase PAPF can effectively manage harmonics and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is reduced to less than 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD73, an ecto-enzyme overexpressed in breast-cancer cells, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphates into adenosine. Anti-CD73 slows breast cancer growth and its spread both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we investigated the relation of CD73 to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression using tissue array and breast cancer cell lines. We found that CD73 expression correlated positively to EGFR expression in vivo ( n = 80, r = 0.425, P < 0.01) and in vitro. EGFR expression can be decreased by suppressing CD73 with an inhibitor or small shRNA, and this effect was reversed by adenosine and NECA (adenosine A2 receptor agonist), which suggested that adenosine is involved in EGFR expression regulated by CD73 ( P < 0.01). We also showed that CD73 regulates EGFR phosphorylation by Src ( P < 0.01). By transcription factor (TF) assay, CD73 was found to regulate some associated TFs activity such as PPARγ, which mediates EGFR expression, although whether PPARγ mediates the effect of CD73 on EGFR expression needs further study. The Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free survival curves for CD73 were also plotted in www.kmplot.com. The curves show that CD73 expression separates the cases into significantly different prognostic groups among the estrogen receptor-negative cancers ( P < 0.01). Our results suggest that CD73 may be a potential prognostic biomarker associated with coexpression of EGFR in human breast cancer. © 2012 IUBMB. IUBMB Life, 64(11): 911-920, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FY-3 satellites are Chinese second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite series. Ultraviolet Total Ozone Unit (TOU) is one of the main payloads on FY-3 satellite and the first instrument for daily global coverage of total ozone monitoring in China. The main purpose of TOU is to measure the Earth backscatter ultraviolet radiation for retrieving daily global map of atmospheric ozone. TOU will provide the important parameters for environmental monitoring, climate forecasting and global climate changing research. At present, the in-orbit testing of TOU has accomplished and won a consummation, and it will be delivered to National Satellite Meteorological Center for the operational phase of the project. In this paper we introduce the instrument of TOU and its measuring principle, in general. We also analyze the recent working status of the instrument, including the sensitivity, measuring precision of solar irradiance, diffuser degradation and wavelength drift. The inversion results show that TOU can provide good global ozone maps, and a comparison with the OMI total ozone product shows that their RMS deviation is about 5%. It is indicated that the satisfied global distribution of total ozone can be obtained through TOU observational data and self-developed inversion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of annealing on structure and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of Ta2O5/SiO2 dielectric mirrors were investigated. Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayer was prepared by ion beam sputtering (IBS), then annealed in air under the temperature from 100 to 400 °C. Microstructure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Absorption of the multilayer was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique. The laser-induced damage threshold was assessed using 1064 nm free pulsed laser at a pulse length of 220 μs.It was found that the center wavelength shifted to long wavelength gradually as the annealing temperature increased, and kept its non-crystalline structure even after annealing. The absorbance of the reflectors decreased after annealing. A remarkable increase of the laser-induced damage threshold was found when the annealing temperature was above 250 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The real-time tracking of moving objects has extensive applications in various domains. Existing tracking methods typically utilize video image processing, but their performance is limited due to the high information throughput and computational requirements associated with processing continuous images. Additionally, imaging in certain spectral bands can be costly. This paper proposes a non-imaging real-time three-dimensional tracking technique for distant moving targets using single-pixel LiDAR. This novel approach involves compressing scene information from three-dimensional to one-dimensional space using spatial encoding modulation and then obtaining this information through single-pixel detection. A LiDAR system is constructed based on this method, where the peak position of the detected full-path one-dimensional echo signal is used to obtain the target distance, while the peak intensity is used to obtain the azimuth and pitch information of the moving target. The entire process requires minimal data collection and a low computational load, making it feasible for the real-time three-dimensional tracking of single or multiple moving targets. Outdoor experiments confirmed the efficacy of the proposed technology, achieving a distance accuracy of 0.45 m and an azimuth and pitch angle accuracy of approximately 0.03° in localizing and tracking a flying target at a distance of 3 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past three decades, China has seen aerosol levels substantially surpass the global average, significantly impacting regional climate. This study investigates the long-term and seasonal variations of aerosols in the Huai River Basin (HRB) using MODIS, CALIOP observations from 2007 to 2021, and ground-based measurements. A notable finding is a significant decline in the annual mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) across the HRB, with MODIS showing a decrease of approximately 0.023 to 0.027 per year, while CALIOP, which misses thin aerosol layers, recorded a decrease of about 0.016 per year. This downward trend is corroborated by improvements in air quality, as evidenced by PM2.5 measurements and visibility-based aerosol extinction coefficients. Aerosol decreases occurred at all heights, but for aerosols below 800 m, with an annual AOD decrease of 0.011. The study also quantifies the long-term trends of five major aerosol types, identifying Polluted Dust (PD) as the predominant frequency type (46%), which has significantly decreased, contributing to about 68% of the total AOD reduction observed by CALIOP (0.011 per year). Despite this, Dust and Polluted Continental (PC) aerosols persist, with PC showing no clear trend of decrease. Seasonal analysis reveals aerosol peaks in summer, contrary to surface measurements, attributed to variations in the Boundary Layer (BL) depth, affecting aerosol distribution and extinction. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of seasonal wind patterns on aerosol type variation, noting that shifts in wind direction contribute to the observed changes in aerosol types, particularly affecting Dust and PD occurrences. The integration of satellite and ground measurements provides a comprehensive view of regional aerosol properties, highlighting the effectiveness of China's environmental policies in aerosol reduction. Nonetheless, the persistence of high PD and PC levels underscores the need for continued efforts to reduce both primary and secondary aerosol production to further enhance regional air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the link between ambient air pollution and some infectious diseases has been studied, few studies have explored so far, the relationship between chickenpox and particulate matter. Daily chickenpox counts in Jiading District, Shanghai, were collected from 2009 to 2018. Time series analysis was conducted to describe the trends of the daily number of chickenpox cases and the concentration of particulate matter 10 μm or less (PM10). The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was developed to assess the lag and non-linear relationship between the number of chickenpox cases and PM10 concentration adjusting for meteorological factors and other pollutants. Spatiotemporal scanning was used to detect the clustering of chickenpox cases. There was a concomitant relationship between the number of chickenpox cases and PM10 concentration, especially in the period of high PM10 concentration. DLNM results showed a nonlinear relationship between the number of chickenpox cases and PM10 concentration with the maximum effect of PM10 being lagged for 13–14 days, which was consistent with the average incubation period of chickenpox. PM10 was significantly associated with the daily number of chickenpox cases when above 300 μg/m3. The risk of chickenpox increased with increasing PM10 concentration and the association was strongest at the lag of 14 day (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.23) for PM10 concentration of 500 μg/m3 versus 50 μg/m3. The study provides evidence that high PM10 concentration increases the risk of chickenpox spreading. • The trend of PM10 concentration is similar to that of the number of chickenpox cases. • High-level PM10 is associated with the increased number of chickenpox cases. • The influence of PM10 with a lag of 13–14 days is the strongest on chickenpox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidemiological data on Treponema pallidum infection are scarce from the southwestern region of China. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and determinants of T. pallidum infection in the region.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 2608 participants aged ≥14 years was conducted in a rural area of southwestern China in 2014-15. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics and other factors associated with T. pallidum infection. The diagnoses of T. pallidum, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were determined by commercial test kits. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlates for T. pallidum infection, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results: The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 1.2% (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7%). Risk factors varied by gender. In the male group, T. pallidum infection was significantly associated with ever injection drug use (aOR = 9.42, 95% CI 2.47 to 35.87) and HCV infection (aOR = 13.28, 95% CI 3.20 to 51.70). In the female group, correlates for T. pallidum infection included spouse having syphilis (aOR = 126.66, 95% CI 7.58 to 2122.94), ever having blood transfusion (aOR = 10.51, 95% CI 1.58 to 41.21) and HBV infection (aOR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.93).Conclusions: The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was high in the rural area of southwestern China. Correlates for T. pallidum infection varied with sex specific. Intervention should be developed for the prevention and control of T. pallidum infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal myogenesis is a highly ordered process which specifically depends on the function of transcriptional coactivator p300. Previous studies have established that Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), a positive regulator of p300 in proliferating cells, is also important for proper skeletal muscle development. Nevertheless, it is not clear as to how the p300 is regulated by myogenic signaling events given that both p300 and Akt are involved in many cellular processes. Our studies revealed that the levels of p300 protein are temporally maintained in ligand-enhanced skeletal myocyte development. Interestingly, this maintenance of p300 protein is observed at the stage of myoblast differentiation, which coincides with an increase in Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, regulation of p300 during myoblast differentiation appears to be mediated by Akt signaling. Blunting of p300 impairs myogenic expression and myoblast differentiation. Thus, our data suggests a particular role for Akt in myoblast differentiation through interaction with p300. Our studies also establish the potential of exploiting p300 regulation and Akt activation to decipher the complex signaling cascades involved in skeletal muscle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous CoS2/nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoS2‐CN) polyhedrons were prepared using metal‐organic framework as the precursor. After the carbonization of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐67 and the heat treatment with sulfur, the CoS2‐CN composite was obtained. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced and evenly intertwined with the CoS2‐CN. Eventually, CoS2‐CN and Co‐CN exhibited good discharge capacities of 498.3 mAh/g and 402.2 mAh/g, respectively. For electrochemical hydrogen storage, more electrochemical active sites could be provided owing to the extraordinary porous nanostructure and large specific surface area inherited from ZIF‐67. The N‐doped carbon could enhance the conductivity of the materials. The CoS2‐CN electrode revealed higher discharge capacity than Co‐CN due to the introduction of sulfur species. Moreover, the discharge capacity further increased to 542.8 mAh/g for CoS2‐CN/MWCNTs. The loaded MWCNTs could further enhance the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of CoS2‐CN. The high‐rate dischargeability, kinetic properties and corrosion resistance were also improved after MWCNTs modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoclasts (OC) are large multinucleated cells derived from monocyte/macrophage precursors. Suppressing osteoclastogenesis is considered as an effective therapeutic approach to erosive bone disease. The root of Acorus tatarinowii Schott , a well-known traditional Chinese medicine was used to treat rheumatosis and other inflammatory disease. However, the effects of tatarinan O (TO), one of the lignin-like compounds isolated from the roots of Acorus tatarinowii Schott during bone development are still unclear. In the present study, we explored the effect of TO on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. TO was found to suppress osteoclast differentiation from RANKL-stimulated mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without significant cytotoxicity. TO also dose-dependently suppressed bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Additionally, TO apparently inhibited the expression of osteoclastic marker genes, such as MMP-9, Cts K and TRAP. Furthermore, our results showed that TO decreased RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 without influencing NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. Hence, for the first time we revealed that TO dose-dependently inhibited osteoclastogenesis from RANKL-stimulated mouse BMMs via decreasing the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although high-resolution single-pixel imaging (SPI) can be achieved by under-sampling, low sampling ratio (SR) strategies often result in a loss of image details and lower image quality. Due to the limited memory of the spatial light modulator (SLM) and the time necessary to load such vast numbers of patterns, high-resolution SPI at high sampling rates has not yet been realized. In this work, we propose a one-dimensional single-pixel imaging (1D-SPI) technique to reconstruct high-quality images that can even surpass the full resolution of the SLM at 100% sampling ratio with extremely low data throughput. Only nearly one-thousandth as many modulation patterns as traditional 2D modulation methods are required, which significantly reduces the demand for massive memory capacity and the time to load these patterns. A 1540 × 1024 resolution SPI image is successfully demonstrated experimentally, indicating its tremendous promise in applications such as industrial inspection and satellite remote sensing. • A SPI method that can exceed resolution of spatial light modulators is proposed. • A High-resolution SPI is realized with very low data throughput. • High-quality SPI results are reconstructed at 100% sampling ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For ground-based lidars in atmospheric observation, their data acquisition unit and control unit usually work independently. They usually require the cooperation of large-volume, high-power-consumption Industrial Personal Computer (IPC). However, the space-borne lidar has high requirements on the stability and integration of the acquisition control system. In this paper, a new data acquisition and lidar control system (DALCS) was developed based on System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Array (SoC FPGA) technology. It can be used in lidar systems with high repetition rate and photon-counting mode and has functions such as data storage, laser control, automatic collimation, wireless communication, and fault self-test. DALCS has two working modes: in online mode, the echo data collected by DALCS are transmitted to the computer for display in real-time and then stored with the current time as the file name; in offline mode, the data are stored in local non-volatile memory, which can be read remotely and can work autonomously when there is no IPC. The test results showed that in the frequency range of 0–70 M, the counting linearity of DALCS reached 0.9999, and the maximum relative error between the DALCS card and the standard signal source was 0.211%. The comparison results showed that the correlation coefficient between DALCS and MCS-PCI was as high as 0.99768. The DALCS was placed in a self-developed lidar sensor system for continuous observation, and the system worked stably under different weather conditions. The range-squared-corrected signal profiles obtained from the observations reflect the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosols and clouds well. This provides scheme verification and experimental support for the development of space-borne lidar data acquisition and control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a new type of imaging technology that uses a non-scanning single-pixel detector to image objects and has important application prospects and value in many fields. Most of the modulators currently used in SPI systems are digital micromirror device (DMD) modulators, which use a higher frequency for binary modulation than other alternatives. When modulating grayscale information, the modulation frequency is significantly reduced. This paper conducts research on multiple discrete objects in a scene and proposes using binary patterns to locate and image these objects. Compared with the existing methods of using gray patterns to locate and image multiple objects, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for DMD-type SPI systems and has wider applicability and greater prospects. The principle of the proposed method is introduced, and the effectiveness of the method is experimentally verified. The experimental results show that, compared to traditional SPI methods, the number of patterns required by the proposed method is reduced by more than 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, with a 1.9% mortality rate worldwide. The dysregulation of the FEN1 gene and miR-4324 has been associated with cancer progression. However, the relationship between miR-4324 and-FEN1 requires further investigation. Methods: miR-4324 and FEN1 expressions in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines were measured via RT-qPCR. The interaction between miR-4324 and FEN1 was assessed using luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. The effects of miR-4324 and FEN1 on cell proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8, BrdU, colony formation, cell adhesion, Caspase-3 and western blot assays in ovarian cancer cell lines CaOV3 and OVCAR3, respectively. Results: The results showed that miR-4324 expression was significantly decreased and FEN1 expression was enhanced in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-4324 inhibitor promoted cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, and prevented apoptosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of FEN1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth and increased apoptosis. miR-4324 inhibited FEN1 expression and repressed ovarian cancer progression. Conclusion: Our study found that miR-4324 inhibited FEN1 expression, suppressed cell growth, and increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we identified miR-4324 and FEN1 as potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We demonstrated a 1.57 μm continuous-wave differential absorption lidar (CW-DIAL) for atmospheric CO 2 profile detection based on the Scheimpflug imaging principle with a self-made 3 W continuous-wave laser, a 250 mm receiving telescope, and a high dynamic range InGaAs array detector. • We successfully obtained multiple atmospheric CO 2 profiles over 3000 m and showed the spatial and temporal distribution in the horizontal direction with a cumulative measurement time of 2010 s and a range resolution of 100 m. • The results of our developed CW-DIAL are compared with a CO 2 sensor GMP343. The correlation is 0.99962 with a relative error of 1 %, demonstrating the system's capability to capture the concentration profile of atmospheric CO 2. Differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) is a powerful technique for remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2). After decades of continuous evolution, traditional pulsed-based CO 2 DIAL has made great progress and gradually comes into applications, but unfortunately these setups still face some dilemmas, such as complex structure, high cost, and poor maintainability. These inherent defects hinder the large-scale promotion application of traditional pulsed-based CO 2 DIAL. Here, we demonstrated a 1.57 μm continuous-wave differential absorption lidar (CW-DIAL) for atmospheric CO 2 profile detection based on the Scheimpflug principle with a high dynamic range near-infrared (SWIR) array detector. A tunable SWIR distributed-feedback (DFB) laser is used as the seed light source, feeds to a self-made erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier and obtain final output power to about 3 W of 1.57 μm. A reflective telescope is employed to collect the atmospheric backscattered signal which is finally shapely imaged in a high dynamic range InGaAs array detector. Multiple atmospheric CO 2 profiles were obtained over 3000 m with a cumulative measurement time of 2010s and a range resolution of 100 m. The detection results were also compared with a CO 2 Sensor (GMP343), yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.99962 and a relative error of 1 %. The preliminary results confirm our developed CW-DIAL has the ability to detect the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric CO 2. Given its compact structure, low power consumption and cost, it has enormous potential application in many areas for the range-resolved CO 2 concentration profiles detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is an important cash crop with an indeterminate growth characteristic. The labor costs of multiple management practices, including repeated foliar applications of mepiquat chloride (MC) and topdressing with potassium (K) fertilizers, restrict its planting area and benefits. To help address this problem, a field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of controlled-release potassium chloride containing mepiquat chloride (CRKMC) on soil K forms and cotton yield. CRKMC, 70%CRKMC (30% reduced K dosage), CRK (coated potassium chloride), KCl and no K fertilizer used treatments were carried out. Results showed that MC and K from CRKMC exhibited a trend of slow release, followed by fast release and eventually stabilization. Soils maintained more non-exchangeable K than available K. The contents of all soil K forms for the CRKMC treatment were significantly higher than these for KCl. Plant heights, SPAD values and stem diameters in CRKMC and 70%CRKMC were larger than those in KCl. Cotton yield, K use efficiency and net profit in the CRKMC treatment were increased than KCl. The successive release pattern of MC and K from CRKMC corresponded well to the demands of cotton, sufficiently manipulated the plant canopy and provided adequate K nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jian R, Sun Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhong L, Zhou P. CD73 protects kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury through reduction of free radicals. APMIS 2011. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may cause severe systemic diseases. Extracellular adenosine is anti-inflammatory especially during hypoxemia. As ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extracellular adenosine generation, it may protect renal IRI through adenosine production. In the current studies, we investigated the effects of CD73 in genetically modified mice. We found that renal IRI caused more serious histological injury, vascular permeability, and lipid peroxidation in CD73−/− than that in CD73+/+ mice. In addition, AMP and free radical concentrations were much higher in CD73−/− than that in CD73+/+ mice. Our data support the fact that CD73 may protect the kidney from IRI through adenosine production and a reduction of free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Constant emerging sites infested with Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) impede the goal realization of eliminating schistosomiasis. The study assessed the spatial and temporal distributions of new Oncomelania snail habitats in Hunan Province from 1949 to 2016. Methods: We used the data from annual snail surveys throughout Hunan Province for the period from 1949 to 2016. Global Moran's I, Anselin local Moran's I statistics (LISA) and a retrospective space-time permutation model were applied to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of emerging snail-infested sites. Results: There were newly discovered snail-infested sites almost every year in 1949–2016, except for the years of 1993, 2009 and 2012. The number of emerging sites varied significantly in the five time periods (1949–1954, 1955–1976, 1977–1986, 1986–2003 and 2004–2016) (H = 25.35, p < 0.05). The emerging sites lasted 37.52 years in marshlands, 30.04 years in hills and 24.63 at inner embankments on average, with the values of Global Moran's I being 0.52, 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. High-value spatial clusters (HH) were mainly concentrated along the Lishui River and in Xiangyin County. There were four marshland clusters, two hill clusters and three inner embankment clusters after 1976. Conclusions: Lower reaches of the Lishui River and the Dongting Lake estuary were the high-risk regions for new Oncomelania snail habitats with long durations. Snail surveillance should be strengthened at stubborn snail-infested sites at the inner embankments. Grazing prohibition in snail-infested grasslands should be a focus in marshlands. The management of bovines in Xiangyin County is of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improvements of population health in China have been unevenly distributed among different sexes and regions. Mortality Registration System provides an opportunity for timely assessments of mortality trend and inequalities.Methods: Causes of death were reclassified following the method of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and ring-map of the rate by town were used to describe inequalities in changing mortality. Life expectancy (LE) and cause-deleted LE were calculated on the basis of life table technique.Results: The burden of death from 2002 to 2018 was dominated by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases and injuries in Jiading district, accounting for almost 80% of total deaths. The overall ASMR dropped from 407.6/100000 to 227.1/100000, and LE increased from 77.86 years to 82.31 years. Women lived about 3.0-3.5 years longer than men. Besides, a cluster of lower LE was found for CVD in the southeast corner and one cluster for neoplasms in the southern corner of the district. The largest individual contributor to increment in LE was neoplasms, ranged from 2.41 to 3.63 years for males, and from 1.60 to 2.36 years for females.Conclusions: Improvement in health was mainly attributed to the decline of deaths caused by CVD and neoplasms, but was distributed with sex and town. This study served as a reflection of health inequality, is conducive to formulate localized health policies and measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We propose a physical model-driven untrained deep convolutional autoencoder network for SPI and validate its performance from simulations and experiments. • We designed an end-to-end SPI reconstruction network, which can better reconstruct high-quality images from under-sampled measurements. • We perform a comparative study through the simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate that UCAN outperforms other existed SPI methods, including DGI, TVAL3, and GIDC. Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a novel imaging modality which captures the images with a single-pixel detector by using a lot of time-varying modulation patterns. Nowadays, SPI reconstructions with data-driven deep learning had been verified for high-quality reconstructions under low sampling ratios. However, it faces a dilemma of hard-to-get sufficient training sets in many practical applications, e.g., long-range single-pixel imaging fields. Here, a model-driven SPI reconstruction method based on untrained convolutional autoencoder network (UCAN) is proposed. This framework does not need to pre-train on any dataset and can be automatically optimized, then eventually produce the restored images through the interplay between the neural network and the SPI physical model. Simulations confirm the superiorities of the proposed method over many other existed algorithms in the SPI field. Also, the reconstructions for long-range single-pixel imaging in real urban atmospheric environments demonstrate that our method has better denoising performance. We believe that the present work provides an alternative framework for SPI and paves the way for practical applications, e.g., long-range optical remote sensing and low-irradiative biological imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of missense mutation c.29G in the ABO*A1.02 allele, is discussed. It mentions that the ABO blood group system plays a crucial role in immunohematology and transfusion medicine. It notes the estimated number of ABO variant alleles that have been found in the populations from around the world.

Background: Constant emerging sites infested with Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) impede the goal realization of eliminating schistosomiasis. The study assessed the spatial and temporal distributions of new Oncomelania snail habitats in Hunan Province from 1949 to 2016. Methods: We used the data from annual snail surveys throughout Hunan Province for the period from 1949 to 2016. Global Moran's I, Anselin local Moran's I statistics (LISA) and a retrospective space-time permutation model were applied to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of emerging snail-infested sites. Results: There were newly discovered snail-infested sites almost every year in 1949–2016, except for the years of 1993, 2009 and 2012. The number of emerging sites varied significantly in the five time periods (1949–1954, 1955–1976, 1977–1986, 1986–2003 and 2004–2016) (H = 25.35, p < 0.05). The emerging sites lasted 37.52 years in marshlands, 30.04 years in hills and 24.63 at inner embankments on average, with the values of Global Moran's I being 0.52, 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. High-value spatial clusters (HH) were mainly concentrated along the Lishui River and in Xiangyin County. There were four marshland clusters, two hill clusters and three inner embankment clusters after 1976. Conclusions: Lower reaches of the Lishui River and the Dongting Lake estuary were the high-risk regions for new Oncomelania snail habitats with long durations. Snail surveillance should be strengthened at stubborn snail-infested sites at the inner embankments. Grazing prohibition in snail-infested grasslands should be a focus in marshlands. The management of bovines in Xiangyin County is of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously reported that the lignin‐like compounds, Tatarinan O (TO) and Tatarinan N (TN), extracted from the roots of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, the potential function of the α‐asarone‐derived lignins, Tatarinan T (TT) and Tatarinan A (TA), to regulate RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis was investigated, and it was found that only early treatment with TT may inhibit RANKL‐triggered formation of osteoclasts and resorption. The results revealed repressed expression levels of several osteoclast marker genes, including ATPase H+‐transporting V0 subunit d2 (Atp6v0d2), αvβ3 integrin, and osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR), following TT treatment during osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, TT reduced the expression levels of the core transcription elements, nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c‐Fos. However, western blotting analysis showed that TT treatment did not alter nuclear factor‐κΒ (NF‐κB) activation or mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Syk/Btk/phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of TT in the treatment of diseases of increased bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiogenesis has been recognized as a critical factor in developing solid tumors and hematological malignancies. How angiogenesis affects the molecular pathways in malignancies is still a mystery. The angiopoietin family, one of the known molecular mediators for angiogenesis, encourages angiogenesis by attaching to Tie receptors on cell surfaces. Angiopoietin, Tie, and particularly the molecular pathways they mediate have all been the subject of recent studies that have established their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. Here, we've reviewed the function of molecular pathways impacted by the Angiogenin and Tie system in hematological malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Successive images of a scene are captured and then further processed to achieve the moving object tracking. However, due to modulation rate limitations of the spatial light modulator in single-pixel imaging (SPI) system, the imaging frame rate cannot meet the high-resolution and real-time requirements for object tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate a fast object tracking technique based on SPI with an ultra-low sampling rate that is independent of imaging. We construct modulation information that satisfies the projection conditions and can transform 2D images into 1D projection curves. The 1D projection curves, which provide the location information of the moving object, can be obtained with high resolution in real-time, and then the tracking of the moving object is realized. A background subtraction technique for tracking moving objects that removes static components from a scene is also proposed. The proposed technique is verified by computational simulations and laboratory experiments. In the laboratory experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to track moving objects with less than 0.2% of the measurements established by the Nyquist criterion, and it presents 256 × 256 pixels at ∼ 177 fps. The reported technique accelerates the tracking speed of SPI and provides an efficient strategy for remote sensing and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The influence of the fluctuation of CO 2 concentration in the lower atmosphere is discussed in the measurement of XCO 2. • A weighting function optimized method is provided considering the actual CO 2 concentration profile and the proportion of the lower weighting function. • The method corrects the bias in the measurement and relaxes the atmosphere sensitivity to pressure. • More appropriate wavelengths have been provided for the further reference of development of an IPDA lidar. Abstract Weighting function can affect the retrieval of the column gas mixing ratio of integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar because it contains the vertical distribution information of the target gas. In order to optimize the wavelengths within the 1.57 um spectral band for IPDA lidar for CO 2 measurement. The temperature, pressure and water vapor (TPH) sensitivity and the proportion of the weight function integration in the lower layer part to the total atmosphere layer (R) of each wavelength are calculated. The measurement errors of each wavelength are simulated with CO 2 fluctuation in the lower layer. The specific wavelength with the R value of 0.6 has been found to be a stable measurement bias which does not change with fluctuations, so the R value of 0.6 is used to optimize the wavelength for measurement CO 2. The simulation results show that the measurement error via wavelength is smaller than 0.05 ppm, when the TPH sensitivity is smaller than 0.95 and when R is about 0.6. This proposed method can be applicable for the further airborne or space-borne lidar development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that originate from hemopoietic stem cells. Targeting over activated osteoclasts is thought to be an effective therapeutic approach to osteoporosis. In a previous study, we reported that Tatarinan O , a lignin-like compound, suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we further examined the effects on osteoclast formation of three lignin-like compounds including Tatarinan N (TN), Tatarinan U (TU) and Tatarinan V (TV), all containing a common structure of asarone. We found that only TN suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption pit formation and F-acting ring formation. TU and TV did not influence RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We also found that TN dose-dependently inhibited the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes, including TRAP, cathepsin K and MMP-9. Furthermore, we found that TN down-regulated the key transcription factor NFATc1 and c-Fos by preventing the activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs including ERK1/2 and p38 but not JNK. TN attenuated calcineurin expression via suppression of the Btk-PLCγ2 cascade and reduction of intracellular Ca2+, modulating NFATc1 activation. Taking together, our results indicated that TN might have therapeutic potential for osteoporosis. Highlights • Tatarinan N inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, F-actin ring formation and bone resorption. • Tatarinan N suppressed RANKL-induced expression of TRAP, CTSK, MMP-9, c-Fos and NFATc1. • Tatarinan N inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. • Tatarinan N attenuated Btk/PLCγ2/Ca2+ oscillation/calcineurin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep convective clusters (DCCs) constitute a complex regime with a variety of types of cloud parameterization in multiple global climate models (GCMs). This study develops a method to identify tropical DCCs and presents regional differences in cloud occurrence, surface precipitation and a vertical survey of ice water content among separated DCCs, connected DCCs and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) determined by collocating data from MODIS, AMSR-E, CPR and CALIOP instruments on board A-Train satellites. The results reveal that separated DCCs and MCSs occur frequently over East Asia, while connected DCCs are more common over the warm pool of the West Pacific in June-August and over South America in December-February. Higher surface convective precipitation rates occur more frequently in MCSs than in separated and connected DCCs in non-monsoon areas. However, connected DCCs have a large ice water content (IWC) at 10–15 km similar to that of MCSs, and these clusters are more intense than those in separated DCCs. Remarkably large anvil-stratiform clouds connected with multiple deep convective cores in connected DCCs can be easily confused with MCSs if the cloud top brightness temperature in the horizontal view is the only parameter being considered. Combined observational data of surface precipitation of DCCs will be helpful for distinguishing connected DCCs and MCSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image-free motion parameter acquisition has been continuously studied in recent years. This image-free method can effectively overcome the deficiencies of traditional imaging methods and improve the real-time and fast acquisition ability of motion parameters. However, existing methods only focus on the acquisition of motion position parameters. Herein, an image-free multi-motion parameter detection method is proposed for in-plane rotation of 2D object. A moment-modulated pattern was constructed to illuminate the moving object, and detected intensities were used to synchronously obtain the moving position and rotation angle. Numerical simulations and experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, which provides a new idea for image-free multi-motion parameter acquisition. • An image-free multi-motion parameter detection method is proposed for in-plane rotation of 2D object. • Moment-modulated patterns were constructed to illuminate the moving object, and detected intensities were used to synchronously obtain the moving position and rotation angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge detection has been a fundamental component in many image segmentation and object detection systems. Recently, many researchers have implemented direct edge detection with the single-pixel imaging system. Compared with traditional edge detection methods, it does not need the procedures of acquiring the object image and then performing edge detection on the image. However, many previous works need to shift the primary illumination patterns at least twice to get the gradient information in multiple directions, which leads to the surge of the measurements. In this paper, we propose a novel single-pixel edge imaging scheme by obtaining the gradient Radon spectrum. Although the proposed scheme also needs to shift the primary illumination patterns once to obtain the gradient information of the object, compared with the Radon single-pixel imaging, no additional measurements are required. In addition, with the gradient Radon spectrum, this scheme can also directly obtain the positions of the straight edges which can be used for image correction, target positioning, and so on. The experimental and numerical results indicate that a high-quality edge image of the object can be restored by the proposed scheme, and the positions of the straight edges can be effectively located with the gradient Radon spectrum. • The edge image of the object can be obtained directly without acquiring the image in advance. • The positions of straight lines in the scene can be located with the gradient Radon spectrum. • Only two groups of patterns are used to get the object edge. • The proposed method can be used to image correction, image recognization, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lidar, radiosonde, and ground-based in situ nephelometer measurements made during an intensive field campaign carried out from July to September 2014 at the Xinzhou meteorological station were used to determine the aerosol hygroscopic growth effect in a cloud-capped, well-mixed boundary layer. Aerosol hygroscopic properties at 355 and 532 nm were examined for two cases with distinct aerosol layers. Lidar-derived maximum enhancement factors in terms of aerosol backscatter coefficient derived using a relative humidity ( RH ) reference value of 85% were 1.19 at 532 nm and 1.10 at 355 nm for Case I and 2.32 at 532 nm and 1.94 at 355 nm for Case II. To derive the aerosol particle hygroscopic growth factor at specific RH values, the Kasten and Hänel models were used. A comparison of the goodness of fit for the two models showed that the Kasten model performed better. The hygroscopic growth curve for RH >90% was much steeper than that for RH in the range of 85–90%. The slopes of the lidar-derived enhancement factor curve (measured from 85% to 95% RH ) and the nephelometer-derived enhancement factor curve (measured from 40% to 62% RH ) in Case I show similar trends, which lends confidence to using lidar measurements for studying aerosol particle hygroscopic growth. Data from a ground aerosol chemical speciation monitor showed that the larger values of aerosol hygroscopic enhancement factor in Case II corresponded to greater mass concentrations of sulfate and nitrate in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-frequency, ground-based microwave radiometer (WVR-1100) is used to investigate the behavior of the atmosphere in terms of zenith brightness temperature ( T B ) at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz respectively. Some experimental findings in SKYNET Hefei site from September 2002 to August 2012 are presented. The cumulative distributions of T B at both frequencies for all sky conditions show four different regions, while only two regions can be identified for clear, lightly cloudy and cloudy condition. Annual cycle of T B at 23.8 GHz is apparently remarkable, indicating the large annual cycle of atmospheric water vapor. Regular seasonal variations of T B are observed with the strongest value in summer and the weakest in winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a subpixel-shifted method to overcome the limitations on the resolution of an image obtained from single-pixel imaging system. In the proposed method, modulation system is moved by sub-integer low grid units, and new information contained in each shifted low grid area can be exploited to obtain a high-resolution image. The front and back modulation single-pixel imaging systems are analyzed. Based on the shifted and point spread function parameters, this method using compressed sensing algorithm can overcome the limitative resolution generated by the modulation system pixel size and transmission effect to get high-resolution image. Finally, the machining experiment results prove the effective of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The near-ground aerosols have the most impact on the human beings. Its fine spatial and temporal distribution, with which the environmental and meteorological departments concern themselves most, has not been elaborated very well due to the unavailable measurement tools. We present the continuous observations of the vertical profile of near-ground aerosol backscattering coefficients by employing our self-developed side-scattering lidar system based on charge-coupled device camera. During the experimental period from April 2013 to August 2014, four catalogs of aerosol backscattering coefficient profiles are found in the near ground. The continuous measurement is revealed by the contour plots measured during the whole night. These experimental results indicate that the aerosol backscattering coefficients in near ground are inhomogeneous and vary with altitude and time, which are very useful for the model researchers to study the regional air pollution and its climate impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol extinction coefficient profile is an essential parameter for atmospheric radiation model. It is difficult to get higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) of backscattering lidar from the ground to the tropopause especially in near range. Higher SNR problem can be solved by combining side-scattering and backscattering lidar. Using Raman-scattering lidar, aerosol extinction to backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) can be got. Based on side-scattering, backscattering and Raman-scattering lidar system, aerosol extinction coefficient is retrieved precisely from the earth’s surface to the tropopause. Case studies show this method is reasonable and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scanning polarization Mie lidar (SPML) system has been developed and is described. The lidar system has two detection channels to receive the parallel and perpendicular polarization components at the laser wavelength of 532 nm, which indicates the nonsphericity of aerosol and cloud particles. It can take the horizontal, vertical and conical scans of the atmosphere with the elevation and azimuth motors. This paper discusses the current capability of the SPML lidar and its results. The observation shows that the SPML lidar can provide the multi-dimensional views of the atmosphere which is impossible to achieve with other ground-based vertically pointing lidars. It is helpful to track and monitor aerosol plumes in urban area, to determinate the planetary boundary layer height and to enhance the measurement of atmosphere in the lower height where the geometrical form factor of lidar system affects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recently proposed Radon single pixel imaging (RSPI) is based on Radon transform and considered to be a prospective technique in many fields, such as computed tomography, feature detection, classification and so on. And because of the fact that the exact implementation of inverse discrete Radon transformation does not exist, an approximate algorithm, filtered back projection, is employed to reconstruct the result images in RSPI. However, the presence of disturbing streak artifacts emerging from high-contrast structures hinders the high-quality reconstructions, especially at low sampling rates. In order to get rid of this dilemma, a novel single pixel imaging technique, which employs a few projection angle patterns to achieve sparse projection angle sampling and utilizes compressive sensing to reconstruct the result images, is proposed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the image quality reconstructed by the proposed technique is much higher than that of RSPI at low sampling rates. Additionally, the proposed technique also has advantages in a lot of fields such as tomographic reconstruction at low radiation. • Using compressed sensing to reconstruct images from sparse projection angle sampling. • Achieving high-quality reconstruction at a low sampling rate. • The proposed method has the potential to be applied to computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new single-frame blind deconvolution algorithm for the linear shift-invariant imaging system is presented. The algorithm processes the partial images segmented from one single degraded image by multi-frame approach to recover the point spread function (PSF). Then a deconvolution method is employed to restore the whole image with the recovered PSF. In addition, in order to improve the fidelity and resolution of the recovered PSF, the coprimeness of the partial images is utilized. Results of simulated and real atmospheric turbulence degraded images using the algorithm are reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]