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To investigate the timing of deposition and provenance of early Mesozoic strata in the northeastern North China Craton (NCC) and to understand the early Mesozoic paleotectonic evolution of the region, we combine stratigraphy, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and Hf isotopic analyses. Early Mesozoic strata include the Early Triassic Heisonggou, Late Triassic Changbai and Xiaoyingzi, and Early Jurassic Yihe formations. Detrital zircons in the Heisonggou Formation yield ∼58 % Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic ages and ∼42 % Phanerozoic ages and were sourced from areas to the south and north of the basins within the NCC, respectively. This indicates that Early Triassic deposition was controlled primarily by the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the NCC and collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton (YC). Approximately 88 % of the sediments within the Late Triassic Xiaoyingzi Formation were sourced from the NCC to the south, with the remaining ∼12 % from the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) to the north. This implies that Late Triassic deposition was related to the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Middle Triassic and the rapid exhumation of the Su–Lu Orogenic Belt between the NCC and YC. In contrast, ∼88 % of sediments within the Early Jurassic Yihe Formation were sourced from the XMOB to the north, with the remaining ∼12 % from the NCC to the south. We therefore infer that rapid uplift of the XMOB and the onset of the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia occurred in the Early Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A layer of Mesoproterozoic tsunami deposits from the North China Craton was recently discovered and investigated in the Xingcheng area, Liaoning Province, China. They occur at the bottom of the Dahongyu Formation of the Changcheng Group (1.8-1.6 Ga). The tsunami deposits are identified based on the analysis of the sedimentary facies. They are markedly different from the normal deposits of shore-shallow sea siliciclastics, and are characterized by rip-up clasts, poorly sorted gravels, fining-upward sequences, redeposited underlying materials, complex sources of underlying strata and erosional bases at the bottom of beds. They are compelling features of tsunamiites when they occur together. During the Mesoproterozoic, the Xingcheng area was in an active tectonic belt, the Yanshan Taphrogenic Trough. The origin of the tsunami was probably triggered by the earthquake, which resulted from the the activities of the Luanxian-Jianchang Fault in early Mesoproterozoic times. The deposition of tsunamiites occurred in a coastal environment and involved several stages, from the origin, propagation, inundation, and deposition to the backwash flow. The geodynamic backgrounds of the tsunami event in the North China Craton are consistent with the breakup event of the Columbia supercontinent in the Mesoproterozoic. Some events, such as tsunamis and volcanism, are all controlled by extensional rift systems and should be recognized as effects of the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the North China Craton. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic tectonic evolution in the northeastern (NE) Asian continental margin has been a controversial issue. Accretionary complexes (ACs) and sedimentary formations, as the direct material records of the reconstruction of plate subduction history and surface response, respectively, are the categorically ideal indicators to explore tectonic evolution of the NE Asian continental margin. This study reviews recent geological and geophysical advances about the crustal structures beneath the massifs and ACs such as the Yuejinshan and Raohe ACs and conducts a detailed dissection on lithology, degree of metamorphism and deformation, deep crustal structure, and formation time of these fossil ACs. These results, together with the coeval sedimentary formations and igneous rock associations, provide new insights for Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution of NE Asian continental margin, i.e., the NE Asian continental margin experienced the evolution of two tectonic regimes during the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic: 1) the stage of the Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime, including a passive continental margin in the early stage of the Late Paleozoic, an active continental margin in the early Permian, and tectonic transition in the Triassic. A paleo-ocean occurred between the Jiamusi Massif and an unnamed massif during the Late Devonian–late Permian; and 2) the stage of the Paleo-Pacific tectonic regime, including the subduction onset of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia in the Early Jurassic, the accretion and emplacement of the Jurassic ACs during the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous, and the continuous westward subduction during the Late Mesozoic. The Yuejinshan AC was the product of the Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime and formed during the Late Devonian–early Permian. Its final emplacement occurred in the late Permian. The Raohe AC was the product of the Paleo-Pacific tectonic regime and experienced the following stages: 1) the formation of seamounts and deposition of the terrigenous clastic sediments in the Middle–Late Jurassic; 2) the seamount–Eurasia collision in the Late Jurassic; 3) the northward migration of the embryo of the Raohe AC during the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous (160–140 Ma); 4) the deposition of the early Early Cretaceous sediments; and 5) the final emplacement of the Raohe AC in the late Early Cretaceous (140–130 Ma). • Sedimentary strata and accretionary complex reveal the evolution of the NE Asia. • NE Asia was in a passive continental margin setting in the early Late Paleozoic. • E Asia was an active continental margin setting in the early Permian. • The subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia began in the Early Jurassic. • The Yuejinshan and Raohe accretionary complexes formed in different tectonic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is extremely rare, with only 36 cases reported in English literature. In this report we represent the case of a 77-year-old woman with a 1-month history of left neck swelling and pain. A diagnosis of LCS was rendered from pathological findings of the cervical lymph node biopsy. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and she died 2 days after diagnosis. A literature review in the context of the present case was performed to better enhance understanding of the early diagnosis and treatment of this unusual lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Leprosy is an infectious chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa, and viscera. The World Health Organization has reported that most countries with high endemicity have reached the goal of eliminating leprosy (defined as reaching a prevalence of <1 leprosy case per 10 000 population) at the national level, after years of proactive control campaigns. The incidence of leprosy has been decreasing across the globe year by year. However, misdiagnosis happens occasionally due to the complexity of clinical manifestations and lack of physician awareness of this disease. We report a case of lepromatous leprosy complicated by hemophagocytosis misdiagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and severe clinical syndrome that can be classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary HLH can be triggered by a variety of diseases. Pregnancy-related HLH has already been observed clinically. However, most of these cases occur during pregnancy. Considering that the periods before and after delivery have different clinical features, we presented the first case series of HLH that presented during the postpartum stage of pregnancy. From these cases, we concluded that postpartum HLH is a common form of pregnancy-related HLH. Patients with postpartum HLH may suffer more complicated pathogenesis. Cytopenia was not as common as in other types of HLH, but liver dysfunction was present in almost all cases. The standard therapy of HLH-94/04 was very effective, and the outcomes of postpartum HLH were better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A big mantle wedge (BMW) is an important deep Earth structure that has implications for our understanding of geodynamic processes. The eastern and northeastern Asian BMWs have been extensively studied in the past two decades. This paper reviews evidence for the age, formation, spatial extent, and geodynamic effects of BMWs, with the aim of distinguishing between two BMWs. The eastern Asian BMW initially formed in the late Early Cretaceous and was active from 110 to 55 Ma due to rollback of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate and eastward-directed deep mantle flow. This BMW affected the entire eastern Asian continental margin and controlled the late Mesozoic–early Paleogene tectonic evolution of the margin, including destruction of the North China Craton and reworking of continental crust in South China. The northeastern Asian BMW has been active from 20 Ma to the present-day due to rollback of the subducted Pacific Plate and eastward mantle flow. It has mainly affected northeast Asia and resulted in different types of Cenozoic intraplate volcanism and occurrence of earthquakes with deep epicenters. • Eastern (E) and northeastern (NE) Asian big mantle wedges (BMW) are identified. • E Asian BMW formed in late K1 and controlled late Mesozoic-early Cenozoic evolution. • NE Asian BMW formed at ca.20 Ma and controlled intraplate volcanism and earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Khanka Massif forms the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and represents an ideal location for examination of the timing and processes involved in the transition from the Palaeo-Asian to Palaeo-Pacific Ocean tectonic systems. However, it is obstructed because the late Palaeozoic tectonic attributes of the eastern margin of this massif remain unclear. In this paper, we provide zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic, as well as the whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data for Permian granitic and volcanic rocks within the eastern margin of the Khanka Massif, with the aim of exploring the petrogenesis and their geodynamics significance. These data suggest that the Permian magmatism within the eastern margin of the Khanka Massif, composed of monzogranites and rhyolites, can be split into two stages; i.e. middle (ca. 264 to ca. 263 Ma) and late (ca. 252 Ma) Permian. The highly fractionated middle Permian monzogranites are formed in an N-S extensional setting and represent the magmatic response to the amalgamation of the Khanka and Jiamusi massifs. Middle-late Permian rhyolites with decoupled Nd-Hf isotopic compositions were derived from partial melting of metasedimentary crustal rocks. Their moderate-high zircon saturation temperatures (796–817°C) are thought to represent the involvement of ridge subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean beneath the western margin of the Khanka Massif. Our findings further reinforce the existence of the ridge subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean at the western margin of Khanka Massif in the Permian, while excluding the possibility of Permian Palaeo-Pacific oceanic plate subduction occurred beneath the eastern margin of the Khanka Massif in the Permian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a risk factor for multiple retinal degeneration diseases. Entraining brain gamma oscillations with gamma-flicker light (γFL) has been confirmed to coordinate pathological changes in several Alzheimer's disease mouse models and aged mice. However, the direct effect of γFL on retinal aging remains unknown. We assessed retinal senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (β-gal) and autofluorescence in 20-month-old mice and found reduced β-gal-positive cells in the inner retina and diminished lipofuscin accumulation around retinal vessels after 6 days of γFL. In immunofluorescence, γFL was further demonstrated to ameliorate aging-related retinal changes, including a decline in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta expression, an increase in complement C3 activity, and an imbalance between the anti-oxidant factor catalase and pro-oxidant factor carboxymethyl lysine. Moreover, we found that γFL can increase the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the inner retina, while revealing a decrease of ATF4 expression in the inner retina and positive expression in the outer segment of photoreceptor and RPE layer for aged mice. Western blotting was then used to confirm the immunofluorescence results. After mRNA sequencing (NCBI Sequence Read Archive database: PRJNA748184), we found several main mechanistic clues, including mitochondrial function and chaperone-mediated protein folding. Furthermore, we extended γFL to aged Apoe−/− mice and showed that 1-m γFL treatment even improved the structures of retinal-pigment-epithelium basal infolding and Bruch's membrane. Overall, γFL can orchestrate various pathological characteristics of retinal aging in mice and might be a noninvasive, convenient, and tissue-specific therapeutic strategy for retinal aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was increasingly recognized as one of the most severe acute hyperimmune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clofazimine (CFZ) has attracted attention due to its anti-inflammatory property in immune diseases as well as infectious diseases. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of CFZ in anti-inflammatory responses remain unclear. Methods: We analyze the protein expression profiles of CFZ and LPS from Raw264.7 macrophages using quantitative proteomics. Next, the protective effect of CFZ on LPS-induced inflammatory model is assessed, and its underlying mechanism is validated by molecular biology analysis. Results: LC–MS/MS-based shotgun proteomics analysis identified 4746 (LPS) and 4766 (CFZ) proteins with quantitative information. The key proteins and their critical signal transduction pathways including TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling was highlighted, which was involved in multiple inflammatory processes. A further analysis of molecular biology revealed that CFZ could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Raw264.7 macrophages, decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, alleviate lung histological changes and pulmonary edema, improve the survival rate, and down-regulate TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling in LPS model. Conclusion: This study can provide significant insight into the proteomics-guided pharmacological mechanism study of CFZ and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rituximab can eliminate EBV for EBV-HLH with only B cells infected. • For EBV-HLH with B cells alone infected by EBV, HSCT may not be required. • Detection of EBV-infected lymphocyte subgroups can guide the treatment of EBV-HLH. Patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) have a poor prognosis. This study investigated the efficacy of rituximab-containing immuno-chemotherapy regimens for EBV-HLH. In this study, 15 patients were treated with rituximab-containing regimens. The treatment efficacy and adverse events were evaluated. In 10 patients, EBV DNA became negative after the first course of treatment. The lymphocyte types infected by EBV in the 10 patients were only infected with B cells and mainly infected with B cells. In the other 5 patients, the EBV DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment with the regimens had no statistical difference (P = 0.111). In addition, in these 5 patients, EBV mainly infected T and NK cells. Among the 5 patients without a significant decline in EBV DNA of PBMC, 2 patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and turned negative for EBV DNA. This study suggests that rituximab-containing regimens are effective therapy for EBV-HLH with only and mainly B lymphocytes infected by EBV, especially for eliminating EBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Paleo‐Asian Ocean closed and the Paleo‐Pacific subduction started in NE China remains controversial. To constrain these key issues, we carried out zircon U‐Pb‐Hf isotopic and whole‐rock geochemical studies of Early Mesozoic igneous rocks in central southern Jilin Province, NE China. Early Mesozoic igneous rocks in region were formed at three stages: the middle Triassic (246 Ma), the late Triassic (219–220 Ma), and the early Jurassic (172–194 Ma). Middle Triassic trachyandesites in southern Jilin Province were solely generated through partial melting of ancient lower crust of the North China Craton (NCC), implying ongoing southward subduction of Paleo‐Asian Ocean Plate beneath the NCC at this time. Late Triassic trachyandesites in southern Jilin Province were derived from the magma mixing/mingling of the NCC lithospheric mantle and juvenile eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt crustal sources. Late Triassic hornblende gabbros in central Jilin Province were derived from depleted lithospheric mantle previously metasomatized by subduction‐related fluids. Coeval adakitic granodiorites were likely produced through the partial melting of thickened juvenile lower crust. Spatially, these rocks occurred on both sides of the Solonker‐Xra‐Moron‐Changchun Suture Zone and record N–S directed extension accompanied by the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. Early Jurassic andesites were produced through mixing/mingling between partial melts derived from eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt lithospheric mantle and ancient NCC crust. In contrast, Early Jurassic felsic rocks, including A‐type granites, were derived from the partial melting of Neoproterozoic accreted lower crust, jointly implying an extensional setting as the result of the initial subduction from Paleo‐Pacific Plate at this time. Key Points: Three magmatism stages are recognized in central southern Jilin Province, NE ChinaMiddle–Late Triassic rocks record the subduction and termination of Paleo‐Asian Ocean tectonic regimeEarly Jurassic rocks record the onset of the Paleo‐Pacific tectonic regime [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The timing and mantle processes of the Cenozoic transition from an active continental margin to a trench–arc–basin system in northeast Asia remain controversial. Here we present major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope data for Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the Russian Far East, which provide new constraints on the deep mantle processes during the transition. The basaltic rocks formed mainly in four stages. The results show that middle Eocene basaltic rocks have arc-like geochemical features, such as depletions in high-field-strength elements, indicating an origin by partial melting of a mantle wedge that had been modified by slab-derived fluids and recycled sediments. Early and middle Miocene basaltic rocks also have arc-like geochemical features, and have relatively low contents of fluid-mobile elements and high contents of fluid-immobile elements, as compared with the middle Eocene basaltic rocks. This suggests that these magmas were derived by the melting of previously melted lithospheric mantle that had been modified by slab-derived fluids. In contrast, late Miocene basalts have ocean island basalt-like geochemical features, such as enrichments in high-field-strength elements, indicating their derivation by partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle. The temporal variations in the mantle sources of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks in the Russian Far East, along with an abrupt change in Sr Nd isotopic compositions at ca. 20 Ma, demonstrate that the transition from an active continental margin to a trench–arc–basin system in northeast Asia occurred at ca. 20 Ma. • The basalts in the Russian Far East formed mainly at ca. 45, 20, 13, and 7 Ma. • The temporal variations in the sources of the Cenozoic basalts were determined. • Transition from active continental margin to trench-arc-basin occurred at 20 Ma. • The rollback of Pacific Plate and trench retreat control the tectonic transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) is a polymodal receptor originally found in sensory neurons of the central nervous system. Recent evidence indicates that VR1 is also expressed in non-neuronal tissues. We report here endogenous expression of VR1 in rabbit submandibular gland (SMG) and its possible role in regulating saliva secretion based on: (i) the expression of VR1 mRNA and protein detected in SMG; (ii) VR1 was mainly localized in the basolateral membrane of duct cells and the cytoplasm of acinar cells and also in cytoplasm of primary cultured neonatal rabbit SMG cells; (iii) stimulation of neonatal rabbit SMG cells with capsaicin induced a significant increase in intracellular calcium, and capsazepine, a VR1 antagonist, abolished this increase; (iv) infusion of capsaicin via the external carotid artery to isolated SMG increased saliva secretion of the gland. These findings indicated that VR1 was expressed in SMG and appeared to play an important role in regulating saliva secretion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]