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Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main causes of disability and death, and atherosclerosis is an important cause. The incidence of atherosclerosis in premenopausal women is significantly lower than that in men of the same age, while the incidence of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in men of the same age, which is closely related to estrogen levels. In this paper, sex differences in atherosclerosis were reviewed from the aspects of imaging examination, risk factors, intestinal microbiome and vascular inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis, to provide evidence for precision medical treatment of atherosclerosis.

Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging pathogen first identified in Ixodes persulcatus ticks and rodents from Japan in 1994 (1,2). Since then, this bacterium has been discovered in various other Ixodes [...]

The thermoelastic damping in a micro-beam of rectangular cross-section is studied using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory incorporating Lord and Shulman's theory of generalized thermoelasticity with memory-dependent heat conduction. By employing the mode analysis method, explicit formulae for the thermoelastic damping, frequency shift and attenuation are derived. The kernel function, the relaxation time, and the memory time are selected to analyze their effects on thermoelastic damping. The dependence of the inverse quality factor Q − 1 on the boundary conditions, vibration modes, time delay, aspect ratios, and relaxation time of small-scale mechanical resonators is shown for the memory-dependent heat conduction with ideal, linear, and nonlinear kernels. Numerical results of the Q − 1 factor are calculated and compared with those based on the Lord–Shulman generalized thermoelasticity and the Lifshitz–Roukes model. The obtained numerical results show that the memory-dependent Lord–Shulman model is more accurate in describing thermoelastic damping than Lifshitz–Roukes' model and the classical Lord–Shulman model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Velocity distribution and motion of a whirling flame in a room fire with vent were studied analytically in this article. Using Rankine vortex model, whirling flame models with and without decay of the rotation velocity were established. The whirling flame model and the cross‐wind velocity boundary conditions were used to study the velocity distribution of the rotating flame under the action of side wind. When there is a linear velocity gradient in the lateral wind, the whirling flame still revolves around the same axis at different heights in the model without attenuation of rotation velocity, but the axis becomes tilted. In the rotation velocity attenuation model, the axis of the whirling flame changes from a straight line to a curve, and the change of the shape of the whirling flame is related to the flame height, the rotation angular velocity, and the maximum wind velocity. Under the assumption of Rankine vortex model with the same rotation angular velocity, the uniform lateral wind and lateral wind with linear velocity gradient can only affect the position and shape of the whirling flame axis but not change the rotation angular velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of IR-61, a novel mitochondrial heptamethine cyanine dye with antioxidant effects, on diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). Eight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1 diabetes. Eight weeks after STZ injection, all rats were divided into three groups: the control group, DM group, and DM + IR-61 group. In the DM + IR-61 group, the rats were administered IR-61 (1.6 mg kg−1) twice a week by intravenous injection. At week 13, erectile function was evaluated by determining the ratio of the maximal intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure, and the penises were then harvested for fluorescent imaging, transmission electron microscopy, histological examinations, and Western blot analysis. Whole-body imaging suggested that IR-61 was highly accumulated in the penis after intravenous injection. IR-61 treatment significantly improved the maximal ICP of diabetic rats. Additionally, IR-61 ameliorated diabetes-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and phenotypic transition of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in penile tissue. IR-61 also attenuated mitochondrial damage, reduced reactive oxygen species production in the corpus cavernosum and upregulated sirtuin1 (SIRT1), sirtuin3 (SIRT3), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase expression in penile tissue. In conclusion, IR-61 represents a potential therapeutic option for DMED by protecting the mitochondria of CCSMCs, which may be mediated by activation of the SIRT1, SIRT3, and Nrf2 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]