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This study aimed to study the effects of three current popular high-temperature treatments (electric roasting, air frying and superheated steam) on the physicochemical properties and taste quality of grass carp meat. Physicochemical properties were analyzed by measuring pH, water holding capacity, color value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and protein carbonyl content of fish meat. Taste quality was characterized by measuring the free amino acids content and flavor nucleotides content of fish meat. The results showed that compared with the raw grass carp meat in the control group, the indexes of physicochemical properties of grass carp meat processed by different high-temperature treatments were significantly increased in different degrees (P<0.05), which preliminarily revealed that the quality of fish meat would change differently under different high-temperature environments. After that, through the statistical analysis of two typical taste substances, free amino acids and flavor nucleotides, it was concluded that the content of taste substances in grass carp meat would also increase significantly after three high-temperature treatments (P<0.05). Among them, the change of air frying group was the most obvious, and its highest contents of free amino acids and flavor nucleotides were up to 338.78 mg/ 100 g and 1050.61 mg/100 g, which made it have the highest umami degree in the later stage. According to the comprehensive evaluation, three treatments all did not produce adverse performance in terms of physicochemical properties, air frying group performed well in terms of taste quality, indicating that grass carp meat treated by air frying had better edible quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adversity, particularly in early life, can cause illness. Clues to the responsible mechanisms may lie with the discovery of molecular signatures of stress, some of which include alterations to an individual's somatic genome. Here, using genome sequences from 11,670 women, we observed a highly significant association between a stress-related disease, major depression, and the amount of mtDNA (p = 9.00 × 10(-42), odds ratio 1.33 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-1.37]) and telomere length (p = 2.84 × 10(-14), odds ratio 0.85 [95% CI = 0.81-0.89]). While both telomere length and mtDNA amount were associated with adverse life events, conditional regression analyses showed the molecular changes were contingent on the depressed state. We tested this hypothesis with experiments in mice, demonstrating that stress causes both molecular changes, which are partly reversible and can be elicited by the administration of corticosterone. Together, these results demonstrate that changes in the amount of mtDNA and telomere length are consequences of stress and entering a depressed state. These findings identify increased amounts of mtDNA as a molecular marker of MD and have important implications for understanding how stress causes the disease.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound‐assisted glycation is a promising method for decreasing the allergenicity of α‐lactalbumin (ALA). However, there is a lack of in vivo studies on the allergenicity of ultrasound‐assisted glycated ALA. In this study, the effects of the ultrasound‐assisted glycation of ALA on the allergenicity and intestinal microflora were characterized using a BALB/c mouse model. RESULTS: Increased immunoglobulin ‐G/ immunoglobulin‐E (IgG/IgE) and interleukin‐4/6 (IL‐4/6) secretions, and reduced interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretions were found in the serum of ALA sensitized and challenged, mice in comparison with a control group. However, there was no significant difference between the mice fed with ultrasound‐assisted glycated ALA and the control group. Mice that were sensitized and challenged with ALA showed disrupted intestinal microflora, manifesting in significantly decreased Firmicutes and significantly increased Proteobacteria. It was found that 100ALA‐gal could maintain the intestinal microflora of mice in a normal state. Pearson's rank correlation showed that Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota were correlated positively with the IL‐4/IL‐6 level and were correlated negatively with the expression of IFN‐γ. Proteobacteria were also significantly positively correlated with IL‐6 and negatively correlated with IFN‐γ (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that ultrasound‐assisted glycation on ALA can maintain the intestinal microflora in a normal state thus balancing the proportion of Th1/Th2 to decrease allergic reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper is concerned with event‐triggered control for the switched system with time‐varying delay and dynamic input quantization. The work is aimed at solving the quantizer saturation in the finite‐level quantized control design and the mismatch caused by event‐triggered sampling and the switching. First of all, the quantization parameter updating laws are designed respectively in the case of match and mismatch between the system and the controller under the event‐triggered mechanism without Zeno behavior. Then, the total variation of Lyapunov functional is transformed into discrete time updating of the dynamic quantization parameter. A switching law and a quantized control strategy are developed to ensure the exponential stability of switched systems with delay and input quantization. At last, two examples are given to illustrate the validity of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of ecological niches in lineage diversification has been the subject of long-standing interest of ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Specific responses to climate change can arise below the species level, resulting in differentiated adaptation or movement patterns within a given species. Thus, the urgent need to model potential responses to ongoing climate changes among genetically distinct populations within a species is increasingly recognized. In this study, we utilize the information of intraspecific variation within Quercus aquifolioides as a priori, and then focus on the potential distribution ranges and niche dynamics of its three intraspecific lineages (WSP, HDM, and Tibet) under current environmental conditions via ecological niche models (ENMs) and PCA-env ordination method, respectively. Our results indicated that the three lineages have occupied differentiated climatic niches. Although the three lineages have distinctly adaptive strategies for homogeneous environmental conditions, some lineages had sympatric projecting areas. The PCA-env demonstrated that the lineage pair WSP vs. HDM had the largest niche overlap while Tibet vs. HDM showed the smallest one. Moreover, the hypothesis of the niche was indistinguishable within the three lineages rejected, indicating the presence of niche divergence rather than niche conservatism below the species level. Our findings highlight the potential of modeling intraspecific responses to climate change and provide insights into lineage diversification within Q. aquifolioides, permitting the exploration of the information determined by niche evaluations and comparisons to understand plant diversification processes below the species level in biodiversity hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]