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9. ResDiff: Combining CNN and Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolution

Author

Shang, Shuyao, Shan, Zhengyang, Liu, Guangxing, Wang, LunQian, Wang, XingHua, Zhang, Zekai, and Zhang, Jinglin

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Adapting the Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM) for direct image super-resolution is wasteful, given that a simple Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can recover the main low-frequency content. Therefore, we present ResDiff, a novel Diffusion Probabilistic Model based on Residual structure for Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR). ResDiff utilizes a combination of a CNN, which restores primary low-frequency components, and a DPM, which predicts the residual between the ground-truth image and the CNN predicted image. In contrast to the common diffusion-based methods that directly use LR images to guide the noise towards HR space, ResDiff utilizes the CNN's initial prediction to direct the noise towards the residual space between HR space and CNN-predicted space, which not only accelerates the generation process but also acquires superior sample quality. Additionally, a frequency-domain-based loss function for CNN is introduced to facilitate its restoration, and a frequency-domain guided diffusion is designed for DPM on behalf of predicting high-frequency details. The extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that ResDiff outperforms previous diffusion based methods in terms of shorter model convergence time, superior generation quality, and more diverse samples., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023

10. Psychometric properties of AMAS and math anxiety prevalence among Chinese and Russian schoolchildren: a comparative study

Author

Du Linna, Wang Xinghua, Yu Haiying, Anna Pavlova, Victoria Ismatullina, Artem Malykh, Pavel Kolyasnikov, and Sergey Malykh

Subjects
AMAS, math anxiety, schoolchildren, psychometric properties, cross-cultural comparison, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of math anxiety in Russian and Chinese schoolchildren across genders and ages. The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) was used as a measurement tool for assessing math anxiety. The factor structure of the AMAS and item invariance between Russian and Chinese schoolchildren were also examined. A total of 4,292 Russian (54% girls, M = 13.7, SD = 1.21) and 3,410 Chinese (48% girls, M = 12.7, SD = 1.21, Me = 13.0) schoolchildren participated in the study. The bi-factor model of the AMAS fits provided the best fit for the data in both countries. AMAS items demonstrated invariance between the two groups. Overall, Russian schoolchildren demonstrated higher math anxiety across all ages and math anxiety subscales, except at ages 14–15, where Chinese schoolchildren reported higher learning-related math anxiety. Among Chinese schoolchildren, both learning and evaluation math anxiety increased with age. Conversely, for Russian schoolchildren, math evaluation anxiety increased, while learning math anxiety decreased with age. Gender differences were observed in both countries, with the onset of gender-related differences appearing earlier in Chinese schoolchildren.

Published
2024
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13. Association between gut microbiota and central retinal artery occlusion: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Author

Chen, Jin, Wang, Xinghua, Yang, Junjie, Huang, Jiahui, Xie, Meng, Su, Zixuan, and Jiang, Fagang

Subjects
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects, Retinal diseases -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

Purpose: The gut microbiota might be closely related to central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), but the causality has not been well defined. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to reveal the potential causal effect between the gut microbiota and CRAO. Methods: Data for gut microbiota were obtained from the genome-wide association studies of the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP) (n = 7738) and the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340), and data on CRAO were obtained from samples of FinnGen project (546 cases and 344,569 controls). Causalities of exposures and outcomes were explored mainly using the inverse variance weighted method. In addition, multiple sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), simple mode, weighted mode, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were simultaneously applied to validate the final results. Results: We identified three microbial pathways (two risk factors/one protective factor) and seven microbial taxa (two risk factors/five protective factors) associated with CRAO in the DMP study. Based on the data from the MiBioGen consortium, we identified seven microbial taxa (two risk factors/five protective factors) associated with CRAO, including the Eubacterium genus, which was consistently identified as a risk factor in both the DMP and the MiBioGen consortium MR analyses. Conclusion: Our study implicates the potential causal effects of specific microbial taxa and pathways on CRAO, potentially providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of CRAO through specific gut microbial taxa and pathway. Since our conclusion is a hypothesis derived from secondary genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data analysis, further research is needed for confirmation. Keywords: Causal relationship, central retinal artery occlusion, gut microbiota, Mendelian randomization, microbial pathway, Author(s): Jin Chen [1]; Xinghua Wang [1]; Junjie Yang [1]; Jiahui Huang [1]; Meng Xie [1]; Zixuan Su [1]; Fagang Jiang (corresponding author) [1] Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is [...]

Published
2024
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15. FPGA Implementation of Pulse Compression in Time Domain

Author

Chen, Yu, Han, Fang, Li, Xiaoran, Liu, Zicheng, Wang, Xinghua, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Wang, Yue, editor, Zou, Jiaqi, editor, Xu, Lexi, editor, Ling, Zhilei, editor, and Cheng, Xinzhou, editor

Published
2024
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16. A CMOS Multisegmented Bias Circuit for Temperature Variation Compensation of RF Amplifier

Author

Wu, Haoran, Wang, Yuanyuan, Han, Fang, Li, Xiaoran, Liu, Zicheng, Wang, Xinghua, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Wang, Yue, editor, Zou, Jiaqi, editor, Xu, Lexi, editor, Ling, Zhilei, editor, and Cheng, Xinzhou, editor

Published
2024
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26. The Relationship among Personal Achievement Motives, School Relational Goal Structures and Learning Outcomes: A Multilevel Analysis with PISA 2018 Data

Author

Zhou, Ji and Wang, Xinghua

Abstract

The influence of achievement motives and relational goal structures embedded in schools on learning outcomes as well as their interaction has attracted much attention in educational research. In the secondary multi-level analysis of data from four areas of China (B-S-J-Z) and the United States in the PISA 2018 study, the relationship among students' personal achievement motives (competitiveness, work mastery and fear of failure), competitive or cooperative goal structures in schools, reading achievement and reading self-concept was examined. Results revealed similar relationship across countries: both competitiveness and work mastery motives had positive influence on reading self-concept; competitive goal structure influenced reading achievement. Cross-level interactions were only observed in the Chinese (B-S-J-Z) sample, with the competitive goal structure negatively moderating the relationship between work mastery motive and learning outcomes as well as the relationship between competitiveness motive and self-concept. Implications for theory and educational practice were discussed.

Published
2023
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30. Digital Learning of English as a Foreign Language among University Students: How Are Approaches to Learning Linked to Digital Competence and Technostress?

Author

Niu, Liwei, Wang, Xinghua, Wallace, Matthew P., Pang, Hui, and Xu, Yanping

Abstract

Background: In view of the widespread use of digital technologies in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning and the importance of students' approaches to learning (SAL) and digital competence, as well as the threats of technostress in digital settings, digital EFL learning requires a critical examination. Objectives: This study sought to investigate the interrelationships among of SAL, students' digital competence, and the emerging technostress in digital learning of EFL. Methods: Survey and EFL test data of 477 university students taking EFL courses were collected. Partial least square structural equation modelling and cluster analysis were employed to analyze these data. Results and Conclusions: The results indicate that a surface approach to learning was significantly positively associated with technostress while negatively associated with digital competence. The deep and organized learning approaches positively predicted digital competence, which further negatively predicted technostress and burnout in digital learning of EFL. Technostress was found to be positively related to exhaustion and cynicism, with cynicism being negatively related to EFL learning outcomes. The cluster analysis identified three clusters of EFL learners and revealed that, overall, high scores in the deep and organized approaches to learning were generally aligned with strong digital competence, low technostress, low burnout, and high EFL learning outcomes. Takeaways: The findings of this study carry important implications for practitioners of EFL learning and teaching in the design of strategies, pedagogies, and EFL learning technologies that improve EFL learning in digital settings while maintaining learners' wellbeing.

Published
2022
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37. An Integrated Feed-Forward Control of Two Dimensional Precision Aerostage Driven by Linear Motor

Author

Ma, Ping, Ye, Yongsheng, Deng, Tengfei, Wang, Xinghua, Zhao, Hongda, Ding, Heng, Chen, Hao, Wu, Weian, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Qian, Zhihong, editor, Jabbar, M.A., editor, Cheung, Simon K. S., editor, and Li, Xiaolong, editor

Published
2023
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39. Earthquake Damages to Substation Buildings

Author

Che, Weixian, Wang, Yanfeng, Pan, Baichong, Wang, Xinghua, Zhu, Wenwei, Guo, Jingen, Dong, Hantuo, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Guo, Wei, editor, and Qian, Kai, editor

Published
2023
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40. The Key Technology of Ultra-high-Speed Laser Communication Principle Verification System

Author

Lv, Shidong, Bai, Yilong, Wang, Xinghua, Wang, Jinghua, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Sun, Jiande, editor, Wang, Yue, editor, Huo, Mengyao, editor, and Xu, Lexi, editor

Published
2023
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47. The Influence of Chinese College Students' Meta-Cognitive Strategy and Motivational Beliefs on Their Study Habits

Author

Zhou, Ji and Wang, Xinghua

Abstract

Study habits can be defined as students' decisions on choosing what to learn and how to learn during their everyday learning processes. Study habits included three aspects of learning behavior: choosing learning material, adopting specific learning strategies (rereading, self-testing, and spacing), and strategy sources and changes (how strategies are formed and how they change). To investigate the influence of meta-cognitive strategy and motivational beliefs on study habits, responses from 191 college students were collected. The results showed that: (1) most students' selection of materials and strategies were test-based and deadline-driven; (2) students reporting more meta-cognitive strategy were more likely to select study material according to pre-set plan, apply spacing and self-testing, and use feedback to develop their strategies; (3) intrinsic goals and college majors also had an impact on students' study habits. Implications for understanding study habits, the influencing factors, and educational practices were discussed.

Published
2022
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