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Background Myocardial infarction (MI) caused by patent foramen ovale (PFO)-based paradoxical embolism is rare, and there are few case reports in the literature. Case summary Here, we report a case of MI in which optical coherence tomography revealed in situ thrombi in the PFO channel. Discussion In addition to paradoxical embolism, in situ thrombus may also be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of PFO in patients with MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of a fluke, Paramphistomum cervi (Digenea: Paramphistomidae). This genome (14,014 bp) is slightly larger than that of Clonorchis sinensis (13,875 bp), but smaller than those of other digenean species. The mt genome of P. cervi contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (NCRs), a complement consistent with those of other digeneans. The arrangement of protein-coding and ribosomal RNA genes in the P. cervi mitochondrial genome is identical to that of other digeneans except for a group of Schistosoma species that exhibit a derived arrangement. The positions of some transfer RNA genes differ. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, based on concatenated nucleotide sequences and amino-acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes, placed P. cervi within the Order Plagiorchiida, but relationships depicted within that order were not quite as expected from previous studies. The complete mtDNA sequence of P. cervi provides important genetic markers for diagnostics, ecological and evolutionary studies of digeneans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dicrocoelium chinensis is commonly known as the 'lancet fluke' or 'small liver fluke' which lives in the bile ducts and gall bladder of domestic and wild ruminants. In this study, we examined sequence variability in two mitochondrial (mt) genes, namely cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( nad1) genes, among D. chinensis isolated from domestic yaks in Gansu and Sichuan provinces, China. A portion of the cox1 (p cox1) and nad1 (p nad1) genes was amplified by PCR separately from the individual adult D. chinensis, and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of the sequences of p cox1 and p nad1 were 358 and 458 bp, respectively. The A+T contents of the sequences were 58.94-59.22% for p cox1 and 60.04-60.48% for p nad1, respectively. The intra-specific sequence variations within D. chinensis were 0-0.84% for p cox1 and 0-0.87% for p nad1. The inter-specific sequence differences among members of the examined trematodes were significantly higher, being 22.9-29.3% and 33.6-41.5% for p cox1 and p nad1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing combined sequences of p cox1 and p nad1 using Bayesian inference revealed that all of the D. chinensis isolates grouped together with high statistical support. These findings demonstrated the existence of low intra-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences among the D. chinensis isolates from domestic yaks in China and had implications for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of D. chinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to research the seismic performance of reinforced concrete block shear walls (RCBSW), this paper has developed a new fiber element model that considers the elastic-plastic shear deformation. The comparison between experimental results and simulation results of 6 RCBSW organized under the same conditions shows that this new fiber element can preferably simulate the hysteretic performance of RCBSW. Although the ordinary fiber element model is still suitable to simulate the hysteretic performance of RCBSW conditionally, it brings on better results for this new fiber element. Based on the above research, after some numerical simulation on uniform design experimentation method, a series of empirical formulas of characteristic parameter of a kind of RCBSW is induced and the hysteretic model for elastic-plastic seismic response analysis of this kind of RCBSW is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common clinical cardiovascular disease, leading to the excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Recently, stem- and progenitor cell-mediated gene therapies have provided a novel approach for the treatment of PAH. However, the function of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‑MSCs) modified with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene in the regulation of PAH is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the biological role of IGFBP‑3-modified hBM‑MSCs in the proliferation of human PASMCs (hPASMCs), and also investigated the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that IGFBP-3-modified hBM‑MSCs inhibited the proliferation of angiotensin II-stimulated hPASMCs following co-culture on cell culture inserts. In addition, total DNA synthesis and the protein levels of hPASMCs in co-culture were decreased. Moreover, the IGFBP‑3-modified hBM‑MSCs promoted apoptosis and downregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), but increased the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in hPASMCs. Furthermore, the IGFBP‑3-modified hBM‑MSCs significantly induced a phenotypic change in the hPASMCs from the synthetic to the contractile phenotype in co-culture. Importantly, the levels of several related proteins in the hPASMCs, including phosphorylated (p-)insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), serine/threonine-protein kinase (p-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38), p-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), were markedly decreased by the IGFBP-3-modified hBM‑MSCs following co-culture. Taken together, our findings suggest that IGFBP-3-modified hBM‑MSCs inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of hPASMCs, and promote the swithc to a contractile phenotype in more effectively than wild-type hBM‑MSCs, possibly through the activation of the PI3K/Akt and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The findings of our study suggest that IGFBP‑3‑modified hBM‑MSCs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PAH.