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Objective: This study aimed to obtain the best fermentation time of Yunnan traditional Xinping pickles. Methods: Sensory evaluation and texture measurement of Xinping pickles under different fermentation times were carried out, and the pH value and nitrite content were determined according to the national standard method. Results: As the fermentation progressed, the sensory aspect of Xinping pickles gradually increased in color and texture, and stabilized after 6 days. The aroma and taste scores increased firstly, and then began to decline after 7 days. In terms of texture, the chewiness of the shank started to stabilize from Day 7. The pH value was 4.67 when it reached maturity after 7 days of fermentation, and then dropped and stabilized at around 4.3. The nitrite peak appeared at 20 hr of fermentation, and the nitrite content dropped to 1~3 mg/kg after 2 days. Conclusion: Considering the sensory, texture, pH and nitrite content changes, Xinping pickles that are fermented for about 7 days have the best quality.

In order to obtain the marine red yeast strains with high yield of carotenoids, 228 strains of marine red yeast were obtained from various marine environmental samples in the sea areas of Fujian Province. Through the screening and identification of the carotenoid-producing marine red yeast, the target strain Y37 was obtained, and the fermentation medium conditions were further optimized by single factor test and verified by shake flask. The results showed that: the strain Y37 was identified as the subspecies of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The best carbon source for the fermentation and production of carotenoid was mannitol, the best nitrogen source was fish meal, and the best salt concentration in the culture medium was 3%. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the yield of carotenoid reached 128 ug⋅L-1 in the shake-flask fermentation of strain Y37. Therefore, the microbial strains repository of marine yeast with the high-yielding carotenoid potential was isolated and obtained from various marine habitats in this study, which provided a new way for the large-scale preparation of carotenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the contemporary and anticipated future (future 30-50 years) distribution of Chinese wild yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) and to improve the species' in situ conservation strategy within the network of China's National Nature Reserves (NNR), we used BiodiversityR to predict the species' distribution utilizing the 'always-suitable' map concept. We then delineated the always-suitable distributions with the existing NNRs to identify potential conservation areas using an approach that concurrently considered spatial distribution, gap analysis, the role of climate change, and economic analyses. Seven bioclimatic variable predictors and 12 environmental niche modelling submodels successfully contributed to the final model assembly (AUC = 0.916, [kappa] = 0.398). The species range delineation indicated that 71 of the 427 NNRs were included in the always-suitable area, accounting for 26 007 [km.sup.2] (1.58%) of the species total distribution. This mapping endeavour highlighted the negative impact of climate change with a projected 15%-20% habitat decline and expected species' distribution centers shifting from the country's northwest to the southeast. Our results predict the continuous deterioration of X. sorbifolium because of its existing utilization as an oil source and its increased bioenergy potential. The adoption of a flexible management strategy embracing acceptable trade-offs between conservation and utilization within China's NNRs could effectively alleviate the expected species decline. Key words: bioenergy, species distribution model, climate change, GAP analysis, China's National Nature Reserves, utilizationconservation trade-off. Dans le but de comprendre les repartitions contemporaine et anticipee (30-50 annees a venir) du xanthoceras a feuilles de sorbier (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) et d'ameliorer la strategie de conservation in situ de l'espece dans le reseau de reserves naturelles nationales chinoises (RNNC), nous avons utilise l'extension BiodiversityR pour predire la repartition de l'espece en utilisant le concept cartographique << toujours-propice >>. Ensuite, nous avons delimite les repartitions << toujourspropice >> en utilisant les RNNC existantes pour identifier les zones potentielles de conservation avec une approche qui tient compte simultanement de la repartition spatiale, de l'analyse des ecarts, du role du changement climatique et des analyses economiques. Sept variables climatiques de prediction et 12 sous-modeles pour la modelisation de niche ecologique ont contribue avec succes a l'assemblage du modele final (AUC = 0,916, [kappa] = 0,398). La delimitation de la repartition de l'espece indiquait que 71 des 427 RNNC etaient incluses dans les zones << toujours-propice >>, ce qui representait 26 007 km2 (1,58 %) de l'aire de repartition totale de l'espece. Cette tentative de cartographie a fait ressortir l'impact negatif du changement climatique en prevoyant le declin de 15-20 % de l'habitat et la migration des centres de repartition de l'espece du nord-ouest vers le sud-est du pays. Nos resultats predisent la deterioration continue de X. sorbifolium a cause de son utilisation courante comme source d'huile et de l'augmentation de son potentiel bioenergetique. L'adoption d'une strategie d'amenagement flexible fondee sur un compromis acceptable entre la conservation et l'utilisation dans les RNNC pourrait effectivement reduire le declin anticipe de l'espece. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: bioenergie, modele de repartition des especes, changement climatique, analyse des ecarts, reserves naturelles nationales chinoises, compromis entre conservation et utilisation., Introduction Decreasing greenhouse gas emission is an effective method for ameliorating the negative effects of climate change, hence the worldwide increased attention (Rogelj et al. 2016). The positive effect of [...]

To analyze changes in the detection of parainfluenza virus (PIV) in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) during 2014–2022 in Hubei Province, and explore the impact of the universal two‐child policy and the public health measures against COVID‐19 epidemic on the prevalence of PIV in China. The study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province. Children aged <18 years with ARTI admitted from January 2014 to June 2022 were enrolled. The infection of PIV was confirmed by the direct immunofluorescence method in nasopharyngeal specimens. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of the universal two‐child policy implementation and public health measurements against COVID‐19 on PIV detection. Totally 75 128 inpatients meeting the criteria were enrolled in this study from January 2014 to June 2022 with an overall PIV positive rate of 5.5%. The epidemic seasons of PIV prevalence lagged substantially in 2020. A statistically significant higher positive rate of PIV was observed in 2017–2019 compared to that in 2014–2015 (6.12% vs 2.89%, risk ratio = 2.12, p < 0.001) after the implementation of the universal two‐child policy in 2016. A steep decline occurred in PIV positive rate during the COVID‐19 epidemic in 2020 (0.92% vs 6.92%, p < 0.001) and it rebounded during the regular epidemic prevention and control period in 2021–2022 (6.35%, p = 0.104). In Hubei Province, the implementation of the universal two‐child policy might have led to an increase of PIV prevalence, and public health measures during the COVID‐19 epidemic might have influenced the fluctuation in PIV detection since 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]