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[ Objective ] The study aims to analyze the metabolomic difference in potato roots under NaHCO 3 stress , in order to understand the metabolic mechanism of different potato varieties in response to NaHCO 3 stress , and to provide theoretical basis for optimizing potato breeding , cultivation techniques , and production applications. [ Methods ] The root systems of potato ‘ V 7 ’ and ‘ KANG Nibeike ’ seedlings were selected as materials , and NaHCO 3 solution was used to simulate alkali stress with different concen- trations ( CK , 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 mmol / L ) . The root metabolites of these two potato varieties were analyzed by LC-MS and multidimensional statistics combined with non-targeted metabolomics detection. [ Results ] ( 1 ) Under NaHCO 3 stress , 160 metabolites were up-regulated and 91 metabolites were down- regulated in ‘ V 7 ’ roots , and 125 metabolites were up-regulated and 52 metabolites were down-regulated in ‘ KANG Nibeike ’ roots. ( 2 ) 10 differential metabolic pathways were selected for each of the two varieties , among which 4 differential metabolic pathways , namely biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites , bio- synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids , synthesis of histidine and purine-derived alkaloids , and pyrimidine metabolism , were the key metabolic pathways in response to alkali stress in potato roots. ( 3 ) Differential metabolites , such as carbohydrates , amides , amines , oxy-containing organic compounds , alkaloids , phe- nolic acids , and somatogenin , etc. , were involved in the complex regulatory network in potato in response to NaHCO 3 stress. [ Conclusion ] The key metabolites and metabolic pathways of potato roots in response to NaHCO 3 stress are screened. There are differences in the metabolome of the alkaline tolerant cultivar ‘ V 7 ’ and alkali sensitive cultivar ‘ KANG Nibeike ’ . Also , there are differences between the metabolism of the same variety and CK under different levels of stress. The accumulation of amino acids and their deriva- tives , organic acids , and allantoin is an important feature of the ‘ V 7 ’ root metabolism , which is more ac- tive and alkaline resistant than ‘ KANG Nibeike ’ .

Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is considered as an ideal hydrogen storage material with excellent hydrogen capacity, but the slow kinetics impedes its application. Herein, an efficient additive of V2C MXene-anchored PrF3 nanoparticles (PrF3/V2C) was synthesized, which presents excellent catalytic effect in improving the reversibility and stability of hydrogen storage in MgH2. The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the 5 wt.% PrF3/V2C-containing MgH2 (182 °C) is 105 °C lower than that of pure MgH2, and 6.5 wt.% hydrogen is rapidly released from 5 wt.% PrF3/V2C-added MgH2 sample in 6 min at 240 °C. In addition, 5 wt.% PrF3/V2C-containing MgH2 sample possesses outstanding reversible hydrogen storage capability of 6.5 wt.% after 10 cycles of dehydrogenation and hydrogenation. Microstructure analysis shows that the introduction of Pr improves the stability of V-species (V0 and V2+) and O-species (lattice oxygen (OL) and vacancy oxygen (OV)) formed during ball milling, promotes the interaction between V-species and O-species, and enhances their reversibility, which contributes to the significant improvement in re/dehydrogenation reversibility and cycling stability of MgH2. This study provides effective ideas and strategies for the purpose of designing and fabricating high-efficient catalysts for solid-state hydrogen storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is limited data on antibiotic treatment in hospitalized neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe patterns of antibiotic use, pathogens, and clinical outcomes, and to develop a severity score predicting mortality in neonatal sepsis to inform future clinical trial design. Methods and findings Hospitalized infants A total of 3,204 infants were enrolled, with median birth weight of 2,500 g (IQR 1,400 to 3,000) and postnatal age of 5 days (IQR 1 to 15). 206 different empiric antibiotic combinations were started in 3,141 infants, which were structured into 5 groups based on the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification. Approximately 25.9% (n = 814) of infants started WHO first line regimens (Group 1-Access) and 13.8% (n = 432) started WHO second-line cephalosporins (cefotaxime/ceftriaxone) (Group 2-'Low' Watch). The largest group (34.0%, n = 1,068) started a regimen providing partial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/pseudomonal coverage (piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, or fluoroquinolone-based) (Group 3-'Medium' Watch), 18.0% (n = 566) started a carbapenem (Group 4-'High' Watch), and 1.8% (n = 57) a Reserve antibiotic (Group 5, largely colistin-based), and 728/2,880 (25.3%) of initial regimens in Groups 1 to 4 were escalated, mainly to carbapenems, usually for clinical deterioration (n = 480; 65.9%). A total of 564/3,195 infants (17.7%) were blood culture pathogen positive, of whom 62.9% (n = 355) had a gram-negative organism, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 132) or Acinetobacter spp. (n = 72). Both were commonly resistant to WHO-recommended regimens and to carbapenems in 43 (32.6%) and 50 (71.4%) of cases, respectively. MRSA accounted for 33 (61.1%) of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Overall, 350/3,204 infants died (11.3%; 95% CI 10.2% to 12.5%), 17.7% if blood cultures were positive for pathogens (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%, n = 99/564). A baseline NeoSep Severity Score had a C-index of 0.76 (0.69 to 0.82) in the validation sample, with mortality of 1.6% (3/189; 95% CI: 0.5% to 4.6%), 11.0% (27/245; 7.7% to 15.6%), and 27.3% (12/44; 16.3% to 41.8%) in low (score 0 to 4), medium (5 to 8), and high (9 to 16) risk groups, respectively, with similar performance across subgroups. A related NeoSep Recovery Score had an area under the receiver operating curve for predicting death the next day between 0.8 and 0.9 over the first week. There was significant variation in outcomes between sites and external validation would strengthen score applicability. Conclusion Antibiotic regimens used in neonatal sepsis commonly diverge from WHO guidelines, and trials of novel empiric regimens are urgently needed in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The baseline NeoSep Severity Score identifies high mortality risk criteria for trial entry, while the NeoSep Recovery Score can help guide decisions on regimen change. NeoOBS data informed the NeoSep1 antibiotic trial (ISRCTN48721236), which aims to identify novel first- and second-line empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT03721302)., Author(s): Neal J. Russell 1,*, Wolfgang Stöhr 2, Nishad Plakkal 3, Aislinn Cook 1, James A. Berkley 4,5,6, Bethou Adhisivam 3, Ramesh Agarwal 7, Nawshad Uddin Ahmed 8, Manica Balasegaram [...]

The initial stock market reaction to a product‐harm crisis is an important factor motivating firms to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). By analyzing event data on product‐harm crises in Chinese listed companies spanning from 2009 to 2019, we uncover evidence that crisis‐related abnormal returns have a significant negative association with the subsequent growth of CSR. Importantly, we find that this negative relationship is especially pronounced for firms that have a greater need to restore moral legitimacy, such as those receiving high levels of media favorability and positive analyst recommendations. These findings offer novel insights into the motivations behind firms' increased investment in CSR following product‐harm crises from a legitimacy perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenylenes exhibit unique physicochemical properties due to their aromatic and antiaromatic rings. The main object of this paper is to determine the expected values of the arithmetic-geometric and augmented Zagreb indices for random phenylene chains. The comparisons between the expected values of these indices with respect to the random phenylene chains have been determined explicitly. The graphical illustrations have been given in terms of the differences between the expected values of these indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]