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BACKGROUND: The reference intervals (RIs) of adult blood lipid parameters currently used in China are not derived from the results of research in local populations and have not been adjusted for age and sex. In this study, we aimed to determine accurate RIs for blood lipid parameters and blood glucose (GluG) for Chinese adults using a national multicenter study. METHODS: A total of 11,333 adults between 18 and 90 years of age were recruited in seven representative regions in China between June 2020 and December 2020. Hospitals participating in the study were regrouped into two geographical regions, southern China (Changsha, Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Nanning) and northern China (Beijing, Shenyang, and Ningxia), according to their geographical and administrative location. All samples were freshly collected and measured collectively in one laboratory on the Mindray full Automatic biochemical analyzer chemistry BS2000 analytical systems. Outliers were removed using the Tukey test. Three-level nested analysis of variance and scatter plot were used to explore the variations in sex, age, and region. Percentile curves of each indicator were plotted using the least mean square (LMS) method. The lower limit (2.5th percentile) and the upper limit (97.5th percentile) of the RI were determined by using nonparametric statistical methods. We also calculated the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the lower and upper limits. RESULTS: A total of 8,283 participants were enrolled in the final analysis, with 3,593 (43.4%) men and 4,690 (56.6%) women. Regionality was observed in three analytes [small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDLC), GluG, and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)]. In northern China, the sd-LDLC and GluG levels in Shenyang were significantly higher than those in Ningxia and Beijing (P55 years, the levels of TG and TC in females gradually surpassed those in males. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study may help establish age- and sex-specific reference values for the blood lipids of Chinese adults and serve as a valuable guide for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and monitoring of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

目的 探讨前循环串联病变患者颈动脉支架置入后支架内再闭塞的可能影响因素及预后情况。 方法 回顾性连续收集2020年6月—2022年9月于临沂市人民医院就诊的前循环串联病变且术中接受颈动脉支架置入治疗患者的临床资料，并分析上述患者手术操作过程、血管再通、术后并发症以及预后情况。同时依据90 d功能预后，将患者分为预后良好组与预后不良组，采用多元logistic回归分析影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 结果 本研究共纳入111例前循环串联病变且接受急诊颈动脉支架置入治疗的患者，术后有16例（14.4%）患者发生支架内再闭塞。分析发现支架内再闭塞患者术后残余狭窄程度较高且多数患者术前未进行充分的抗栓治疗。同时依据90 d功能预后，将111例患者分为预后良好组（66例）与预后不良组（45例），多元logistic回归分析显示术后支架内再闭塞（OR 0.315，95%CI 0.106～0.932，P=0.037）及术前梗死核心区体积（OR 0.978，95%CI 0.959～0.997，P=0.023）是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 结论 前循环串联病变患者颈动脉支架置入后再闭塞可能与术后残余狭窄程度高、抗栓治疗不充分等因素相关,而术前梗死核心区体积以及支架内再闭塞是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 Abstract: Objective To explore the possible influencing factors and prognosis of in-stent reocclusion of patients with anterior circulation tandem lesions after carotid artery stenting. Methods Retrospective continuous collection of the clinical data of patients with anterior circulation tandem lesions who underwent carotid artery stenting at Linyi People’s Hospital from June 2020 to September 2022, and analysis of surgical procedures, vascular recanalization, postoperative complications, and prognosis of these patients were performed in this study. Based on the 90-day functional outcome, patients were categorized into favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors influencing patient prognosis. Results This study included 111 patients with anterior circulation tandem lesions who received carotid artery stenting during emergency treatment. Postoperatively, 16 (14.4%) patients experienced in-stent reocclusion. Analysis displayed that patients with in-stent reocclusion had a higher degree of residual stenosis after surgery, and most patients did not receive sufficient antithrombotic therapy before surgery. Based on the 90-day functional prognosis, 111 patients were divided into a good prognosis group (66 cases) and a poor prognosis group (45 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative in-stent reocclusion (OR 0.315, 95%CI 0.106-0.932, P=0.037) and preoperative infarct core volume (OR 0.978, 95%CI 0.959-0.997, P=0.023) were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Conclusions Reocclusion after carotid artery stenting in patients with anterior circulation tandem lesions may be related to factors such as a high degree of postoperative residual stenosis and insufficient preoperative antithrombotic therapy. Preoperative infarct core volume and in-stent reocclusion are independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients.

Although light‐matter interaction and topology of photonic systems have been extensively studied, the topology induced novel light‐matter interaction phenomena in deep‐subwavelength region remain unexplored. Here, based on the non‐trivial topological singularity of 1D photonic crystals (PhCs), novel photonic spin Hall effects and abnormal beam behaviors are revealed in deep‐subwavelength region for the beams with nearly normal incidence, which beyond effective medium theory. The huge photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS) is observed around the singularity in the deep‐subwavelength region. The shape of reflected beam undergoes dramatic changes near the singularity, especially at the singularity, the reflected field is split as dipole‐like distribution for both polarizations. Physically, such a phenomenon is resulted from the destructive interference between the spin‐maintained beam and spin‐flipped beam. Based on these theoretical researches, super‐subwavelength thickness detecting, in which the wavelength is six orders of magnitude larger than the detecting scale, can be designed. Such sensitive detecting can also be applied to dielectric permittivity of PhC and background. Further more, by tuning the distance between two singularities in the deep‐subwavelength region, multi‐frequency channels sensitive detection and broadband platform with huge PSHS can be achieved. This system could be a platform to explore nontrivial light‐mater interaction in deep‐subwavelength region and to design of extremely sensitive detection devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death globally with high mortality and morbidity. Patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Metformin has become a primary medication used in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its relative safety, low cost, and effectiveness, mainly exerting its hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. Research data indicate that metformin extends the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of diabetic patients with lung cancer, improving overall survival rates. Metformin lowers the risk of tumour development through various mechanisms, including the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/liver kinase B1/mechanistic target of rapamycin (AMPK/LKB1/mTOR) pathway, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor pathway, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, research findings are not entirely consistent. This article reviews the research progress of metformin in terms of lung cancer treatment within the past few years, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how metformin exerts its anti-cancer impact and how it can be clinically applied, as well as provide new insights for lung cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]